Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Spheres from FCC Slurry Oil as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery

A facile injected pyrolysis strategy to synthesize heteroatom-doped carbon spheres(CSs) with good conductivity is proposed by using the fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil(FCCSO) as the carbon source through a pyrolysis reaction process at 700-1000℃.The structures of CSs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and its electrochemical properties of CSs acting as the anode material for lithium-ion battery(LIBs) are investigated.The XPS measurement results show that the CSs mainly contain C,N,O,and S elements.With the increase of pyrolysis temperature,the particle size of CSs decreases but the graphitization degree of CSs increases.As the anode material for LIBs,CSs show excellent electrochemical performance with a maximum reversible capacity of 365 mAh/g and an initial coulombic efficiency of 73.8% at a low current density of 50 mA/g.The CSs exhibit excellent cycling stability in a current range of 50 mA/g to 2 A/g,and still can maintain a stable reversible capacity of 347 mAh/g when the current is cycled back to 50mA/g.This is mainly ascribed to the existence of suitable heteroatom content and unique spherical structure of CSs.The heteroatom-doped CSs can provide a new choice for the preparation of high efficiency anode materials for LIBs.

Life Cycle Assessment of Ultra-clean Micronized Coal Oil Water Slurry

Life cycle assessment is applied to assess the ultra-clean micronized coal oil water slurry (UCMCOWS) with SimaPro and the environmental impact of UCMCOWS on its whole life cycle is also analyzed. The result shows that the consumption of energy and products are increasing along with the deepening of UCMCOWS processing, UCMCOWS making and combustion are the two periods which have a bigger impact on eco-system and human health. As a new substitute of fuel, UCMCOWS merits to be utilized more efficiently and reasonably.

Modification of FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt for making high-grade paving asphalt

With the rapid development of modern industry,high-grade paving asphalt is massively required to meet the demands for modern transportation.As one of additives,natural asphalt is indispensable since it can improve the performance of paving asphalt in all aspects.However,the application of non-renewable natural asphalt is increasingly restricted by its limited reserves.It is imperative to find alternative approaches to produce high-grade paving asphalt.Fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)slurry oil is an ideal soft component for producing paving asphalt due to its high content of aromatics and resins.However,its bad ageing resistance limits its application to only low-grade paving asphalt.In the present work,a novel approach for producing high-grade paving asphalt was investigated using chemically modified FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt(DOA).The FT-IR and NMR results showed that dehydrogenation and condensation reaction occurred during the ageing process.From a series of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes,propanal was selected as a proper modifier to improve the ageing resistance of FCC slurry oil.The propanalmodified slurry oil possessed more substituted aromatic units and less aromatic hydrogen atoms than other modified slurry oils,thus showing better ageing resistance.With the increase of length of aliphatic chains in modifier,the modified slurry oil contained more and longer alkyl substituent group on aromatics.Compared with the cross-linked oil(slurry oil modified by cross-linking agent),modified slurry oil possessed similar ageing resistance but higher flowing ability.Also,the effect of operation conditions on the kinematic viscosity of modified slurry oil were investigated.Blended with modified slurry oil,the penetration ratio of asphalt product increased from 53.7 to 66.2,which met the standard of 70#paving asphalt.Both the microscopic observations and FT-IR results indicated that modification process effectively reduced the oxidation degree of asphalt product,thus increasing the ageing resistance.Consequently,with aid of this process,high-grade paving asphalt was readily produced from low value oil from downstream products of refinery,instead of the depleting natural asphalt.

Performances and emissions of a petroleum coke oil slurry engine

In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,which was called PCOS engine.In order to analyze performances and emissions of the PCOS engine,a comparative experiment between PCOS engine fueled with PCOS and R180 engine fueled with diesel oil was carried out.The results show that the PCOS engine can run smoothly,the maximum output power decreases by about 6.2% and 19.0% and the maximum brake thermal efficiency reduces by around 5.85% and 4.13% as compared to R180 engine under the conditions of 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The HC emissions of PCOS engine are lower than those of R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and are close to those of R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The CO emissions are similar to R180 engine at 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The smoke intensity is close to R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and is higher than R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The particles emitted from PCOS engine array sparsely,but particles emitted from R180 engine array closely,cohering together.

Catalytic ability of MgO to break C-H bonds during slurry oil carbon deposition

Although MgO has been widely used for the MgO-templated synthesis of carbon materials, little attention has been paid to MgO＇s catalytic function during carbon deposition. Here, a systematic analysis of the products of slurry oil （SO） carbonization with and without MgO templates present indicates that MgO catalytically promoted the breakage of C--H bonds by immobilizing heavy oil molecules on MgO surfaces and the attractive interaction between hydrogen and MgO. Compared with the carbonization of SO alone, a notably higher H2 concentration and a lower hydrocarbon concentration was observed in the tail gas, a higher solid yield and a lower degree of graphitization of the carbon product were observed when MgO was also present. Furthermore, treatment at 900 ℃in the presence of MgO efficiently enhanced the capacitance and rate capability of the as-obtained porous carbon when tested as an electrode material for supercapacitors. These results suggest that the catalytic function of MgO could exist in all MgO-templated syntheses and in the heat treatment of porous carbons and graphene,

Study on the Effect of Catalyst Properties on Residue Hydroconversion

The effect of catalyst properties on residue oil hydroconversion was studied at moderate operating conditions(at a temperature of 400 ℃, an initial hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa, and a reaction time of 4 h) in a batch mode slurry phase with different catalyst samples. The results showed that the catalyst acidity had a good effect on residue conversion and MCR(micro carbon residue) conversion but brought about higher coke yield. Residue conversion was thermally induced but the catalyst acidity changed its conversion route. A catalyst with higher metal loading, higher hydrogenation activity and appropriate pore size had higher sulfur and metal removal rate, higher MCR conversion and also a lower coke formation. The activity of spent commercial catalyst AS1 and DS1 was slightly lower than the corresponding fresh ones but was still high enough for residue oil hydroconversion. It assumes that the role of the catalyst is to activate hydrogen species toward reaction with an aromatic carbon radical to yield a cyclohexadienyl type intermediate which will turn into liquid and also to absorb the mesophase which can easily aggregate to form coke.

Promotion of boron phosphate on the NiMoAl catalyst for hydroprocessing FCC slurry oil

Mesoporous NiMoAl catalysts with boron phosphate(BPO4)modification were synthesized through the complete liquid-phase method.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis evidenced the presence of BPO4-AlOOH mixed support in these BPO4-modified NiMoAl samples.The total amount of acid sites declined,but the surface acidity was strengthened by adding BPO4 into the NiMoAl catalyst.It’s worth noting that the incorporation of BPO4 could increase the concentrations of Ni and Mo species on the catalyst surface and greatly improve the dispersion of(Ni)MoS2 active phases,as indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)measurements.The catalytic performance of these BPO_(4)-modified NiMoAl catalysts was investigated with the hydroprocessing of fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)slurry oil.The nitrogen-containing compounds removal from the oil was significantly enhanced with increasing the molar ratio of boron phosphate/aluminum.The NM-BPA(0.55)catalyst exhibited the best hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)activity,highlighting the significant impact of Mo sulfidation degree and the dispersion of active metals on HDN performance.The introduction of boron phosphate could also promote the hydrocracking activity of the NiMoAl catalyst,as demonstrated by SARA analysis and simulated distillation of liquid products.

Application of the Endurance Catalyst in RFCCU Unit

In order to improve the capability of the RFCC unit for heavy oil conversion, reduce the yields of coke and oil slurry, and increase the economic benefits of the unit, starting August 2007 the SINOPEC Luoyang Branch Company began to apply in its No. 2 RFCC unit the Endurance catalyst featuring strong heavy oil conversion ability, low yields of coke and oil slurry, and high total light liquid yield. The results on calibration of the Endurance catalyst conducted in November 2007 indi-cated that under the circumstances of using deteriorating feedstock quality and lower unit consump-tion of catalyst, the yields of coke, oil slurry and gas decreased by 0.28 %, 1.24 % and 0.35 %, respectively. The light distillate yield and total light liquid yield increased by 0.8 % and 1.88%, respectively.