There are two broad objectives of the research reported in this paper. First, we assess whether government-provided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is helpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small...There are two broad objectives of the research reported in this paper. First, we assess whether government-provided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is helpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses within the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of improving the effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses within the DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-provided CTI helps businesses within the DIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar with the CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar with the government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that prevent firms from having the wherewithal necessary to effectively utilize the government-provided CTI. However, we found a significant positive association between a firm’s familiarity with the government-provided CTI and whether a firm is being periodically reviewed by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is compliant with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. The findings from our study also show that the participating firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the portion of the IT budget that small businesses within the DIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on the perception that a firm would be the target of an external cyber-attack.展开更多
Technological shifts—coupled with infrastructure, techniques, and applications for big data—have created many new opportunities, business models, and industry expansion that benefit entrepreneurs. At the same time, ...Technological shifts—coupled with infrastructure, techniques, and applications for big data—have created many new opportunities, business models, and industry expansion that benefit entrepreneurs. At the same time, however, entrepreneurs are often unprepared for cybersecurity needs—and the policymakers, industry, and nonprofit groups that support them also face technological and knowledge constraints in keeping up with their needs. To improve the ability of entrepreneurship research to understand, identify, and ultimately help address cybersecurity challenges, we conduct a literature review on the state of cybersecurity. The research highlights the necessity for additional investigation to aid small businesses in securing their confidential data and client information from cyber threats, thereby preventing the potential shutdown of the business.展开更多
This paper investigates whether innovative Peer-to-Peer lending by FinTechs’has a regulatory advantage over the big banks in respect of small business lending.We do this through the lens of the regulations imposed by...This paper investigates whether innovative Peer-to-Peer lending by FinTechs’has a regulatory advantage over the big banks in respect of small business lending.We do this through the lens of the regulations imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act,using a difference-in-difference methodology.The Act tightened traditional bank credit standards on business loans,especially for small firms.However,the new FinTech lenders were not subject to the same regulatory burden.We find that traditional banks significantly reduced their lending to small businesses,as compared to their FinTech competitors.Our results suggest that while the Dodd-Frank Act constrained lending to small businesses,innovative new lending models gained a regulatory advantage and the Peer-to-Peer lenders capitalized on this.展开更多
Trust is a key dimension in the principal-agent relationship and it has been studied extensively.However,the dynamics,evolution,and intrinsic motivation and mechanisms have received less attention.This paper investiga...Trust is a key dimension in the principal-agent relationship and it has been studied extensively.However,the dynamics,evolution,and intrinsic motivation and mechanisms have received less attention.This paper investigates the intrinsic motivation of trust and it proposes a theoretical model of trust evolution that is based on the notion of‘trust response’and‘trust spiral’.We then specifically focus on trust within the lending relationship between banks and small businesses,and we run numerical simulations to further illustrate the evolution of involved mutual trust over time.Our model provides implications for future research in both trust evolution and small business lending relationships.展开更多
文摘There are two broad objectives of the research reported in this paper. First, we assess whether government-provided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is helpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses within the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of improving the effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses within the DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-provided CTI helps businesses within the DIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar with the CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar with the government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that prevent firms from having the wherewithal necessary to effectively utilize the government-provided CTI. However, we found a significant positive association between a firm’s familiarity with the government-provided CTI and whether a firm is being periodically reviewed by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is compliant with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. The findings from our study also show that the participating firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the portion of the IT budget that small businesses within the DIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on the perception that a firm would be the target of an external cyber-attack.
文摘Technological shifts—coupled with infrastructure, techniques, and applications for big data—have created many new opportunities, business models, and industry expansion that benefit entrepreneurs. At the same time, however, entrepreneurs are often unprepared for cybersecurity needs—and the policymakers, industry, and nonprofit groups that support them also face technological and knowledge constraints in keeping up with their needs. To improve the ability of entrepreneurship research to understand, identify, and ultimately help address cybersecurity challenges, we conduct a literature review on the state of cybersecurity. The research highlights the necessity for additional investigation to aid small businesses in securing their confidential data and client information from cyber threats, thereby preventing the potential shutdown of the business.
文摘This paper investigates whether innovative Peer-to-Peer lending by FinTechs’has a regulatory advantage over the big banks in respect of small business lending.We do this through the lens of the regulations imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act,using a difference-in-difference methodology.The Act tightened traditional bank credit standards on business loans,especially for small firms.However,the new FinTech lenders were not subject to the same regulatory burden.We find that traditional banks significantly reduced their lending to small businesses,as compared to their FinTech competitors.Our results suggest that while the Dodd-Frank Act constrained lending to small businesses,innovative new lending models gained a regulatory advantage and the Peer-to-Peer lenders capitalized on this.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.71703127).
文摘Trust is a key dimension in the principal-agent relationship and it has been studied extensively.However,the dynamics,evolution,and intrinsic motivation and mechanisms have received less attention.This paper investigates the intrinsic motivation of trust and it proposes a theoretical model of trust evolution that is based on the notion of‘trust response’and‘trust spiral’.We then specifically focus on trust within the lending relationship between banks and small businesses,and we run numerical simulations to further illustrate the evolution of involved mutual trust over time.Our model provides implications for future research in both trust evolution and small business lending relationships.
