Polycrystalline ZSM-5 Aggregates Induced by Seed and Catalytic Performance in Methanol to Hydrocarbon

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite typically utilizes small molecule polyamines or quaternary ammonium salts as organic structure guiding agent(OSDA).By contrast,the OSDA-free hydrothermal synthesis system eliminates the use of organic templates and the subsequent calcination procedure.This not only reduces the cost of synthesis,but also prevents environmental pollution from the combustion of organic templates,representing an eco-friendly approach.Despite this,literature suggests that even so-called template-free synthesis systems often involve trace amount of organic substances like alcohol.In the present work,a calcined commercial ZSM-5 zeolite was served as seed,with sodium aluminate as aluminum source and silica sol as silicon source,ensuring an entirely template-free synthesis system.Polycrystalline ZSM-5 aggregates consisted of rod-like nanocrystals were successfully prepared in the completely OSDA-free system.Effects of the Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5 seed,dosage and crystallization conditions such as crystallization temperature and crystallization time on ZSM-5 synthesis were investigated.The results show that a highly crystallinity ZSM-5 aggregate consisting of primary nano-sized crystals less than 100 nm is produced from a gel precursor with 5.6%(in mass)seed after hydrothermal treatment for 48 h.Furthermore,the Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5 seed has little effect on the topological structure and pore structure of the synthesized samples.However,the seeds with a low Si/Al ratio facilitate faster crystallization of zeolite and enhance the acidity,especially the strong acid centers,of the catalyst.The catalytic performance of the synthesized polycrystalline ZSM-5 was evaluated during dehydration of methanol and compared with a commercial reference ZSM-5r.The results exhibit that as compared with the reference catalyst,the fabricated sample has a longer catalytic lifetime(16 h vs 8 h)attributed to its hierarchical pores derived from the loosely packed primary nanoparticles.Additionally,the prepared polycrystalline catalyst also exhibits a higher aromatics selectivity(28.1%-29.8%vs 26.5%).

Facile synthesis of small crystal ZSM-5 zeolite by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate

Small crystal zeolites ZSM-5 with sizes of 150-300 nm were synthesized using the colloidal silicate precursors as the silica source created by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate with tetrapropylammonium bromide as the structure-directing agent within a short crystallization time of 20-35 h. The precursors and final products were detected by XRD, SEM, ICP and DLS.

Synthesis of ZSM-5 Zeolite with Small Crystallite and its Application in Aromatiration of Propane

By optimizing the orystallization condition, a procedure for the synthesis of small crystallite zeolite ZSM-5 was developed. Compared with the larger crystallite ZSM-5. the smaller one exhibits higher catalytic performance in aromatization reaction of propane.

Fabrication of a nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores for conversion of methanol to gasoline

Carbon deposition during methanol to hydrocarbons leads to the quick deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst and it is one of the major problems for this technology. Decreasing the crystal size or introducing mesopores into ZSM-5 zeolites can improve its diffusion property and decrease the coke formation. In this paper, nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores combining the mesoporous and nano sized structure was fabricated. For comparison, the mesoporous ZSM-5 and nano-sized ZSM-5 were also prepared. These catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD, TEM, Py-IR and TG techniques and used on the conversion of methanol to gasoline in a fixed-bed reactor at T=405 degrees C, WHSV =4.74 h(-1) and P=1.0 MPa. It was found that the external surface area of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores reached 104 m(2)/g, larger than that of mesoporous ZSM-5 (66 m(2)/g) and nano sized ZSM-5 (76 m(2)/g). Catalytic lifetime of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores was 93 h, which was only longer than that of mesoporous ZSM-5 (86 h), but shorter than that of nano sized ZSM-5 (104 h). Strong acidity promoted the coke formation and thus decreased the catalytic lifetime of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores though it presented large external surface that could improve the diffusion property. The special zeolite catalyst was further dealuminated to decrease the strong acidity. After this, its coke formation rate was slowed and catalytic lifetime was prolonged to 106 h because of the large external surface area and decreased weak acidity. This special structural zeolite is a potential catalyst for methanol to gasoline reaction. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

Influence of Synthesis Parameters with Low Seed Addition on the Crystallinity of ZSM-5

ZSM-5 zeolite microparticles （MPs） were synthesized under hydrothermal condition using a low crystal seed addition approach without template. The synthesis parameters such as the seed addition amount, the SiOJA1203 ratio, the aluminum source, the feeding addition method, aging, and crystallization were investigated. The structure, morphology and composition of the as-synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite MPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, laser particle size distribution （PSD） measurements, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The SIO2/A1203 ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite MPs was in the range of 20~80. The low seed addition was beneficial to improving the crystallinity and shortening the crystallization time, and the suitable amount of seed was 0.25% （SIO2）. The ZSM-5 zeolite MPs synthesized with aluminium nitrate nonahydrate used as the aluminum source exhibited a relatively high crystallinity. An appropriate aging time could eliminate the effect of feeding addition method and effectively adjust particle size. The particle size of ZSM-5 zeolite obtained at an aging time of 20 h was around 2.0 I.tm. Prolonging the aging time appropriately could also shorten the high-temperature crystallization time. The suitable aging time was 24 h, and the relative crystallinity of ZSM-5 zeolite could reach up to 99% after crystallization for 24 h at 180 ℃

小晶粒FeZSM-5分子筛合成过程中晶粒大小和分布的控制

用水热法合成了晶粒大小在 2 0 0～ 10 0 0nm的小晶粒FeZSM -5分子筛 ,并对碱度、温度、模板剂和初始凝胶浓度等对分子筛晶粒大小和分布的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,较高的碱度和反应物浓度有利于小晶粒杂原子分子筛的合成 ;程序升温法合成的分子筛颗粒小、粒度均匀 ,抑制了二次成核过程 ;模板剂的种类对FeZSM -5分子筛的尺寸也有显著影响 ,分别以正丁胺、乙二胺和己二胺为模板剂合成了FeZSM -5分子筛 ,晶粒大小顺序为正丁胺 <己二胺 <乙二胺。

小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的合成、改性与应用综述

沸石分子筛的粒径大小是影响其性能的一个重要参数。小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛因其具有更大的外表面积,更多的活性中心,高表面能,在提高催化剂利用率,增加大分子转化能力,减小深度反应,提高选择性以及降低结焦失活等方面均表现出优越性能,得到人们的广泛关注。本文综述了小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的合成方法,改性手段与催化应用优势。

ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其MTP催化性能

以粗孔硅胶和偏铝酸钠为原料,TPABr为模板剂制备了小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、NH_3-TPD、SEM、N_2物理吸附等方法对其结构进行了表征,评价了其在MTP反应中的催化性能。结果表明,制备的ZSM-5分子筛粒度分布均匀,粒径在500nm左右,在MTP反应中表现出良好的催化性能,产物分布与商业催化剂相似,且具有高的选择性和稳定性,运行170h,甲醇转化率仍大于99%,丙烯选择性在39%左右。

小晶粒HZSM-5分子筛合成及甲醇制芳烃催化性能

在HZSM-5分子筛合成过程中,通过加入表面活性剂、降低水热反应温度成功制备出晶粒尺寸为200 nm左右的小晶粒HZSM-5(S-HZ)分子筛,并与传统方法制备的微米级HZSM-5(M-HZ)分子筛进行比较。采用XRD、N_2等温吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、NH_3-TPD和TG对催化剂的结构、形貌、晶粒尺寸、酸性和积碳量进行表征,并用多用途固定床管式反应器对催化剂进行甲醇芳构化(MTA)催化性能评价。结果表明,与M-HZ分子筛相比,S-HZ分子筛具有更大的比表面积和孔体积,改善了分子筛催化剂的扩散性能和容碳能力,使其表现出更好的芳烃收率和催化稳定性。

Recent advances in naphtha catalytic cracking by nano ZSM-5:A review

This review discussed the use of nano ZSM‐5 in naphtha catalytic cracking. The impact of nano ZSM‐5 on product selectivity, reaction conversion and catalyst lifetime were compared with micro‐sized ZSM‐5. The application of nano ZSM‐5 not only increased the catalyst lifetime, but also gave more stability for light olefins selectivity. The effects of the reaction parameters of temperature and feedstock on the performance of nano ZSM‐5 were investigated, and showed that high temperature and linear alkanes as feedstock improved light olefin selectivity and conversion.

小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的研究进展

文章是对小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的物理化学特性的最新研究成果所做的综述,概括介绍其扩散特性、表面特征、吸附性能、热稳定性和水热稳定性。小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的晶体粒径小,不仅有利于内表面活性位,还减小了反应物和产物在晶粒内的扩散阻力;外表面活性中心多、外表面积大,吸附和转化大分子的能力增强;较微米小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛,其水热稳定性更好。

两段晶化法快速合成均匀单分散小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛

在无添加任何其它组分条件下,采用简单两段晶化合成法制备出具有均匀单分散小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛。通过采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对合成结果进行分析可知,合成的分子筛是典型的ZSM-5结构分子筛,晶粒十分均匀而呈单分散,粒度大小约为200~300nm。考察了预晶化温度和时间、晶化生长温度和时间、合成碱度和硅铝比等对快速合成小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛的影响。结果表明,在相对高碱度和较低预晶化温度条件下有利于快速(总共4~6h)合成高质量小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛。

In-situ Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of ZSM-5/Rectorite Composites as Propylene Boosting Additive in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process

Using rectorite extrudates from calcined rectorite powder as the starting material, a series of ZSM-5/rectorite composites were prepared via the in-situ crystallization method. The physicochemical properties and propylene boosting performance of the resulting samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scan- ning electronic microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer, N2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier transformed in/tared spectroscopy of pyndine adsorption, respectively, and assessed by using Daqing atmospheric residue as Iced- stock. The results showed that the ZSM-5/rectorite composites in which the ZSM-5 phase grows inositu as a 2-3 p,m thick layer on rectorite particles have a trimodal microporous-mesoporous-macroporous structure and thus exhibit outstanding propylene boosting performance. Compared with a commercial ZSM-5 incorporated fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, the ZSM-5/rectorite composite incorporated catalyst increased the yield and selectivity of propylene by 2.44% and 5.35%, respectively.

Syntheses and Characterization of ZSM-5 Zeolites Containing Diethylamine and Ethylenediamine

Syntheses of ZSM-5 zeolites from R-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O-HF(R = diethylamine and ethylenediamine, respectively) were investigated by using the hydrothermal crystallization. The large single crystals of ZSM-5 containing diethylamine and ethylenediamine were synthesized. The ZSM-5 precursors were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis and electron microprobe analysis. The analysis result of aluminium distribution shows that the interior aluminium content of large crystals of ZSM-5 zeolites is rather low.

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic ZSM-5 Zeolite

In order to separate ZSM-5 zeolite powders from solution easily, a series of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with the addition of magnetic Fe3O4 panicles during the crystalline process. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared （IR） spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility and adsorption capability. It was found that the magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites had good magnetism and the magnetic susceptibility increased with the increasing amount of Fe3O4 panicles. Compared with the pure ZSM-5 zeolite, the adsorption capability of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites was acceptable. When the magnetic zeolites were used to adsorb Pb^2＋ from solution, the magnetic zeolite powder could be conveniently separated with magnetic separation technology.

Direct synthesis of ordered mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites from in situ crystallization of carbonaceous SBA-15

Two types of ordered mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites with different mesopores were synthesized by a two-step method. First, carbonaceous SBA- 15 was produced by in situ carbonization of SBA- 15/P 123 composite. Then the obtained SBA- 15/C composite was transformed into crystallized mesoporous ZSM-5 by impregnation TPAOH followed by steam-assisted crystallization. The final calcined samples synthesized with typical SBA-15/P 123 precursor showed a wormlike morphology with the mean mesopore size of 4.6 nm, while samples synthesized with the addition of trimethylbenzene as swelling agent in the precursor exhibited the morphology of microsphere with the mesopore size of about 9.5 nm. Both two types of mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited large surface area and mesopore structure. The steam-assisted crystallization （SAC） was performed with lower consumption of solvents. This two-step method may also be suitable for synthesizing other ordered mesoporous zeolites used as catalysts in some catatytic processes.

低成本原料一步直接合成小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛(英文)

以硫酸铝、水玻璃、正丁胺、水、晶种、NaCl、浓硫酸等低成本试剂为原料,一步直接合成法制备了高结晶度小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛,详细考察了凝胶陈化方式、滴加顺序、晶化时间、晶化温度、水量及原料硅铝比对分子筛结晶度及粒度的影响.通过XRD、SEM等对合成的分子筛进行了详细表征.研究结果表明:采用低温水浴回流搅拌陈化方式、在160～170℃、晶化30 h可获得高结晶度小晶粒ZSM-5分子筛.正反加顺序对分子筛结晶度影响不大.

高浓度体系小晶粒B改性ZSM-5分子筛的制备及甲醇制丙烯催化性能

在高浓度体系(n(H2O)∶n(Si O2)<4)下,以粗孔硅胶和偏铝酸钠为原料,TPABr为模板剂,水热晶化法制备了小晶粒B改性ZSM-5分子筛,单釜产率达50%以上.采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、NH3-TPD、XRF、N2物理吸附等方法对其结构进行了表征,评价了其在甲醇制丙烯(MTP)反应中的催化性能.结果表明,制备的小晶粒B改性ZSM-5分子筛粒度分布均匀,粒径约500 nm.在MTP反应中,B改性的样品比未改性样品含有更多的弱酸位,表现出更好的的活性、选择性和稳定性,其中n(Al2O3)∶n(B2O3)=1∶1的样品效果最好,甲醇转化率在95%以上运行476h,丙烯平均选择性46.32%.

晶种对合成小晶粒SAPO-34分子筛的影响

以较廉价的三乙胺为模板剂,考察晶种的种类、添加环境、添加量及晶粒大小对其辅助合成SAPO-34分子筛的影响,并对晶种诱导机理进行探究。结果表明:含SAPO-5杂晶的晶种会诱导体系产生相同AFI结构的SAPO-5分子筛,但采用磷酸预处理20 h后,可制备出纯净的SAPO-34分子筛;在辅助合成中,晶种硅铝比对合成产品的收率和粒径影响明显,无论添加在酸性还是弱碱性的晶化液中,高投料硅铝比下制备的晶种均更有利于提高产品收率、降低产品平均粒径,其中酸性体系对晶种的部分刻蚀作用可提供更多表面,使晶种的诱导效应更强;在晶种添加量(占晶化液的质量分数)为0~0.5%时,随着高硅铝比晶种添加量的增大,产品收率提高,D(50)降低,且变化尤为明显,当高硅铝比晶种添加量大于1%后,晶种添加量对产品收率和D(50)的影响趋于平缓。此外,晶种辅助合成的小晶粒产品可继续用作晶种起诱导作用,且以之合成产品的收率、平均粒径、元素组成、形貌、孔结构与采用初始大颗粒晶种辅助合成的产品相近,为稳定、连续合成粒径可控的小晶粒分子筛奠定了基础。

Structural perspectives of the CYP3A family and their small molecule modulators in drug metabolism

Cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes function to catalyze a wide range of reactions,many of which are critically important for drug response.Members of the human cytochrome P4503A(CYP3A)family are particularly important in drug clearance,and they collectively metabolize more than half of all currently prescribed medications.The ability of these enzymes to bind a large and structurally diverse set of compounds increases the chances of their modulating or facilitating drug metabolism in unfavorable ways.Emerging evidence suggests that individual enzymes in the CYP3A family play discrete and important roles in catalysis and disease progression.Here we review the similarities and differences among CYP3A enzymes with regard to substrate recognition,metabolism,modulation by small molecules,and biological consequence,highlighting some of those with clinical significance.We also present structural perspectives to further characterize the basis of these comparisons.