Research on arc root stagnation when small current is interrupted in self-excited circuit breaker

The self-excited DC air circuit breaker(SE-DCCB)has been widely used in urban rail transit due to its excellent stability.It can realize forward and reverse interruption,but has difficulty interrupting small currents due to the phenomenon of arc root sticking at the entrance of the arc chamber in the splitting process,which is known as arc root stagnation.A coupling model of the self-excited magnetic field and magnetohydrodynamics is established for the SE-DCCB with the traditional structure.The magnetic field,temperature and airflow distribution in the arc chamber are investigated with an interrupting current of 150 A.The simulation results show that the direction and magnitude of the magnetic blowout force are the dominant factors in the arc root stagnation.The local high temperature of the arc chamber due to arc root stagnation increases the obstruction effect of the airflow vortex on the arc root movement,which significantly increases the arc duration time of small current interruption.Based on the research,the structure of the magnetic conductance plate of the actual product is improved,which can improve the direction and magnitude of the magnetic blowout force at the arc root so as to restrain the development of the airflow vortex effectively and solve the problem of arc root stagnation when the small current is interrupted.The simulation results show that the circuit breaker with improved structure has a better performance for a small current interruption range from 100 A to 350 A.

An Ultra-Low Quiescent Current CMOS Low-Dropout Regulator with Small Output Voltage Variations

An ultra-low quiescent current low-dropout regulator with small output voltage variations and improved load regulation is presented in this paper. It makes use of dynamically-biased shunt feedback as the buffer stage and the LDO regulator can be stable for all load conditions. The proposed structure also employs a momentarily current-boosting circuit to reduce the output voltage to the normal value when output is switched from full load to no load. The whole circuit is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology with a quiescent current of 550 nA. The maximum output voltage variation is less than 20 mV when used with 1 μF external capacitor.

Application of Atomic Sparse Decomposition to Feature Extraction of the Fault Signal in Small Current Grounding System

Applying the atomic sparse decomposition in the distribution network with harmonics and small current grounding to decompose the transient zero sequence current that appears after the single phase to ground fault occurred. Based on dictionary of Gabor atoms and matching pursuit algorithm, the method extracts the atomic components iteratively from the feature signals and translated them to damped sinusoidal components. Then we can obtain the parametrical and analytical representation of atomic components. The termination condition of decomposing iteration is determined by the threshold of the initial residual energy with the purpose of extract the features more effectively. Accordingly, the proposed method can extract the starting and ending moment of disturbances precisely as well as their magnitudes, frequencies and other features. The numerical examples demonstrate its effectiveness.

Wave-Current Forces on Small Square Cylinders (Part I)

-Based on the extended Morison Equation and model tests, the in-line forces on small square cylinders caused by waves (regular and irregular) and currents are analyzed in detail in this paper. The hydrodynamic coefficient CD and Cu related to KC number and the effect of direction of wave incidence are also given, which can be used in engineering practice.

Small Current Quark Mass Effects on Dressed-Quark Propagator in an Effective Quark-Quark Interaction Model

A method for obtaining the small current quark mass dependence of the dressed quark propagator from an effective quark-quark interaction model is developed. Within this approach the small current quark mass effects on dressed-quark propagator have been studied. A comparison with previous results is given.

Numerical calculation of hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal currents for submarine excavation engineering in coastal area

In coastal areas with complicated flow movement, deposition and scour readily occur in submarine excavation projects. In this study, a smallscale model, with a high resolution in the vertical direction, was used to simulate the tidal current around a submarine excavation project. The finite volume method was used to solve Navier-Stokes equations and the Reynolds stress transport equation, and the entire process of the tidal current was simulated with unstructured meshes, generated in the irregular shape area, and structured meshes, generated in other water areas.The meshes near the bottom and free surface were densified with a minimum layer thickness of 0.05 m. The volume of fluid method was used to track the free surface, the volume fraction of cells on the upstream boundary was obtained from the volume fraction of adjacent cells, and that on the downstream boundary was determined by the water level process. The numerical results agree with the observed data, and some conclusions can be drawn: after the foundation trench excavation, the flow velocity decreases quite a bit through the foundation trench, with reverse flow occurring on the lee slope in the foundation trench; the swirling flow impedes inflow, leading to the occurrence of dammed water above the foundation trench; the turbulent motion is stronger during ebbing than in other tidal stages, the range with the maximum value of turbulent viscosity, occurring on the south side of the foundation trench at maximum ebbing, is greater than those in other tidal stages in a tidal cycle, and the maximum value of Reynolds shear stress occurs on the south side of the foundation trench at maximum ebbing in a tidal cycle. The numerical calculation method shows a strong performance in simulation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal currents in the foundation trench, providing a basis for submarine engineering construction in coastal areas.

Study of Magnetic Force Distribution for Electromagnetic V-shape Bending Forming of Small Size Flat Sheet

Electromagnetic V-shape bending of small size sheet blank is investigated numerically and experimentally. Three-dimensional electromagnetic field models are established to calculate the magnetic force distribution on the sheet by software ANSYS / EMAG. Series of electromagnetic V-shape bending forming experiments are presented,in which small size uniform pressure coil and big size round flat spiral coil are used. The results show that small size uniform pressure coil is not suitable for electromagnetic forming of small size flat sheet,and the coil is susceptible to failure such as bulging,ablation and cracking. When the plane dimension of round flat spiral coil is bigger than sheet blank sizes,the induced current crowding effect will be resulted which seriously influence the magnetic force distribution on the sheet. In this case,magnetic force distribution can be adjusted through the change of the relative position between coil and sheet,the desired deformation can be obtained finally. Therefore,big size round flat spiral coil can be well applied to electromagnetic V-shape bending forming of small size flat sheet.

Non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter based on constant inductor current control

The hysteresis control combined with PWM control non-inverting buck-boost was proposed to improve the light load efficiency and power density.The constant inductor current control(CICC)was established to mitigate the dependence on the external components and device variation and make smooth transition between hysteresis control loop and pulse width modulation(PWM)control loop.The small signal model was deduced for the buck and boost operation mode.The inductor current slope control(ICSC)was proposed to implement the automatic mode transition between buck and boost mode in one switching cycle.The results show that the converter prototype has good dynamic response capability,achieving 94%efficiency and 95%peak efficiency at full 10 A load current.

Design of a Switched Capacitor Negative Feedback Circuit for a Very Low Level DC Current Amplifier

To miniaturize a very low level dc current amplifier and to improve its output response speed, the switched capacitor negative feedback circuit (SCNF), instead of the conventionally used high-ohmage resistor, is presented in this paper. In our system, a switched capacitor filter (SCF) and an offset controller are also used to decrease vibrations and offset voltage at the output of the amplifier using SCNF. The theoretical output voltage of the very low level dc current amplifier using SCNF is obtained. The experimental results show that the unnecessary components of the amplifier’s output are much decreased, and that the response speed of the amplifier with both the SCNF and SCF is faster than that using high-ohmage resistor.

Rat small intestine absorption and membrane digestion in the process of aging

Recently, in our experiments, we used the short-circuit current technique to study the kinetic constants for nutrient transporters in rat gastric-intestinal tract and the thickness of the intestinal unstirred layer near the mucosa surface. It was shown that, during the process of aging, the number of nutrient monomer transporters in the small intestine increases twofold, whereas the affinity of transporters to the correspondent nutrients remains unchanged. The situation for peptides may be opposite. The layer thickness in the vicinity of the mucosa surface, measured through glucose, decreased during the process of aging. It was suggested that, in old rats, the role of the digestive volume is more important, which results in an increase of the number of nutrient monomer transporters.

A Very Low Level dc Current Amplifier Using SC Circuit: Effects of Parasitic Capacitances and Duty Ratio on Its Output

This paper describes a very low level dc current amplifier using switched capacitor (SC) circuit to miniaturize and improve its output response speed, instead of the conventionally used high-oh-mage resistor. A switched capacitor filter (SCF) and an offset controller are also used to decrease vibrations and offset voltage at the output of the amplifier. The simulation results show that the parasitic capacitances that are distributed to the input portion of the amplifier have some effect on offset voltage. From the experimental results, it is seen that the duty ratio of the clock cycle of SC circuit should be in the range from 0.05 to 0.70. It is suggested that the proposed very low level dc current amplifier using SC circuit is an effective way to obtain both a faster output response and its miniaturization.

小级差需求下基于故障首半波比较的快速电流保护

基于时间级差配合的梯级电流保护受限于出口线路保护动作时间,为缩短保护研判时间,提升配电网多级配合能力,提出一种小级差需求下基于故障首半波比较的快速电流保护方法。对传统电流保护动作时间进行分析,采用整定值构建模板曲线,与故障电流采样值进行多点动态比较,基于有效值爬坡效应及采样值越限效应构建新的保护启动判据、考虑保护算法延迟及干扰点的影响构建新的动作判据,综合加快电流保护判别速度。利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件仿真验证了所提方法在不同类型故障、不同故障时刻、负荷突增、干扰影响等工况下的有效性,结果表明所提方法的动作时间不超过10 ms,有利于小级差更加灵活和可靠的整定。

小黑豆中活性成分·营养价值与资源应用

黑豆为大豆属植物[Glycine max(L.)Merr]的种子,为我国资源分布很广的药食两用中药,陕北小黑豆为其栽培品种之一。黑豆主要含有异黄酮和花青素类成分,具有抗炎、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、抗癌、调节激素水平等多种药理作用。对1997—2022年国内外文献报道的黑豆化学成分及主要药理作用进行综述,分析陕北小黑豆种植栽培现状及药用黑豆存在的问题。提出陕北地区的环境更适合小黑豆的种植与进一步应完善该植物药材标准的观点。

基于自适应虚拟电阻的低压微电网有功均分下垂控制策略

由于低压微电网中各分布式电源的线路阻抗不匹配,传统的下垂控制策略难以按照下垂系数合理分配有功功率。为此,提出一种无需通信的自适应虚拟电阻下垂控制方法。通过将微电网中每个分布式发电机(DG)单元输出的有功功率和电压传送给自适应虚拟电阻控制器中,在保证电压和频率稳定控制的前提下实现功率按逆变器容量比例进行精确分配。论文对改进方法的微电网逆变器进行小信号稳定性分析,以优化控制器有关控制参数。仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

特高压直流换流站短路电流超标机理及抑制措施研究

随着电网规模的不断扩大,短路电流不断上升,成为制约电网发展的关键问题。针对特高压直流送端换流站单相与三相短路电流均超标,并且单相短路电流甚至大于三相短路电流的问题,分析了其产生的原因及机理,并从短路电流抑制效果、经济性以及电网运行可靠性等多个维度比较了不同短路电流限制措施,研究表明:串联电抗器与变压器中性点小电抗的组合方案最适合解决此类短路电流超标问题。兼顾方案经济性以及降低对电网运行的影响,提出了串联电抗器与变压器中性点小电抗组合方案的参数实用设计方法,简易方便,可为解决特高压直流换流站短路电流超标问题提供参考。

难变形金属小模数齿形件电流辅助分形旋压成形方法研究

针对难变形金属小模数齿形件采用传统滚齿及插齿方法制备时,存在材料利用率低、强韧性不足等问题,提出采用分形旋压方法实现此类小模数齿形件的完整近净成形。以模数为0.3的30CrMnSiA合金结构钢小模数齿形件为研究对象,设计制作了难变形金属小模数齿形件分形旋压成形工艺装备,并基于旋压成形试验进给研究了渐进式进给、主轴正反转进给和间歇式进给3种不同成形方式及有/无电流辅助条件对难变形金属小模数齿形件分形旋压的影响规律。结果表明:采用渐进式进给成形方式时,旋压成形缺陷最少,但所获得的轮齿饱和度仅为70.2%;采用正反转式成形方式时,成齿区易出现预成形齿顶与旋轮轮齿啮合错位而导致被两次分形的缺陷;采用间歇式进给式成形方式时,成齿区齿顶部分出现大量毛刺;采用渐进式成形方式,相同试验条件下,通入脉冲电流后,材料塑性变形能力显著提升,轮齿饱和度提高到95.7%。采用电流辅助分形旋压成形获得的小模数齿形件齿廓偏差为0.029 mm、齿距偏差为0.015 mm。

难变形金属小模数齿形件电流辅助分形旋压成形工艺优化

目的针对30CrMnSiA合金结构钢小模数齿形件电流辅助分形旋压成形工艺,探究工艺参数对小模数齿形件成形质量的影响规律,分析工艺参数间的相关性,获得优化后的工艺参数组合。方法选取小模数齿形件齿廓偏差、齿距偏差、轮齿饱和度为成形质量响应指标,以电流密度、占空比以及旋轮进给速度为影响因素,设计响应面试验方案;根据有限元模拟结果建立成形质量回归预测模型,分析电流密度、占空比以及旋轮进给速度对小模数齿形件成形质量的影响规律,计算获得最优的参数组合并进行试验验证。结果电流密度、脉冲占空比、旋轮进给速度对小模数齿形件成形质量有显著影响,成形质量随着电流密度与占空比的升高而升高,随旋轮进给速度的升高而先升高后降低;且电流密度与旋轮进给速度、脉冲占空比与旋轮进给速度在对轮齿饱和度的影响上有一定的交互性;通过建立的回归模型预测得到的优化工艺参数如下:电流密度为17.5 A/mm2、脉冲占空比为40%、旋轮进给速度为0.6 mm/min。结论回归模型预测值与试验值的相对误差小于8%,说明所构建的成形质量回归预测模型是准确的,利用优化后的参数可制备出成形质量良好的小模数齿形件。

基于改进结构的自激式直流空气断路器小电流开断能力提升方法

大容量自激式直流空气断路器(SE-DCCB)广泛应用于轨道交通电力系统中,其可以快速切断大等级短路电流。但是SE-DCCB分断几百安小电流时自激磁场较小,导致电弧燃弧时间较长甚至开断失败。该文通过耦合自激线圈磁场的改进磁流体动力学(MHD)模型,仿真得出双气流涡旋和弧根黏滞是SE-DCCB开断小电流失败的主要原因。为了提高SE-DCCB开断小电流的能力,对其结构进行改进,改进结构SE-DCCB采用安装导磁条的导磁板,并减小跑弧道转弯角半径,可以加快弧根运动速度、削弱小电流开断时的双气流涡旋和弧根黏滞现象,从而缩短燃弧时间。同时,改进结构SE-DCCB降低了电弧熄灭时刻灭弧室入口处的温度,能够减小电弧熄灭后重燃的概率,提升其开断小电流的性能。该研究揭示了SE-DCCB小电流难以开断的物理本质,可为轨道交通用空气断路器提供研发指导。

台风-浪-流耦合作用超大浮体水弹性响应分析方法

海上机场超大浮体结构在台风等极端海洋环境下的动态响应准确预测是保障其安全性能的关键前提,其难点在于准确构建中/小尺度复杂流场与浮体结构的流固耦合计算模型。本文提出了一种基于中/小尺度嵌套的海上机场超大浮体水弹性响应分析方法,二次开发实现了台风-浪-流耦合模拟,分析了超强台风“莫兰蒂”途经海上机场超大浮体全过程台风-浪-流时空演变规律;采用中/小尺度流场嵌套技术计算水动力和气动力,代入结构动力学方程进行双向迭代解耦求解;通过算例分析了台风-浪-流耦合作用下浮体结构水弹性响应及影响机制。研究表明:本文提出的方法能够有效地预测此类极端环境下超大浮体结构水弹性响应。

不均衡小样本下多特征优化选择的生命体触电故障识别方法

针对现有的剩余电流保护装置无法有效识别触电事故的问题,该文提出了一种不均衡小样本下多特征优化选择的生命体触电故障识别方法。首先通过变分自编码器(VAE)对实验收集到的生命体触电小样本数据进行增殖以实现正负样本均衡;然后在时域上提取能够反映波形动态变化特性的23个特征量,并利用高斯核Fisher判别分析(GKFDA)与最大信息系数(MIC)法从中选择最优表达特征组;最后,提出基于遗忘因子的在线顺序极限学习机(FOS-ELM)算法实现生命体触电行为的鉴别。实验结果表明,所提方法利用不均衡小样本触电数据集就可以训练出一个优秀的分类模型,诊断准确率可达98.75%,诊断时间仅为1.33 ms。其优良的性能结合在线增量式学习分类器设计,使得模型具备新知识学习能力,具有极好的工程应用前景。