In this work, historical background of power generation by small hydro-power plants across the world and specially across the Iran with emphasis on small hydro-power plant utilization as recovery turbine in water tran...In this work, historical background of power generation by small hydro-power plants across the world and specially across the Iran with emphasis on small hydro-power plant utilization as recovery turbine in water transmission pipeline have been attended firstly, and then, three water transmission pipelines from Chah-nemie to Zahedan city, Shirindare dam to Bojnord city and Mokhtaran desert to Birjand city in Iran have been studied as case study samples. According to the sample pipeline characteristics and pipeline topography, reachable energy have been estimated; in the next step, pay attending to reachable energy, initial investment cost, total benefit of operating period, benefit to cost ratio and other economical parameters for small hydro-power plants in case study pipelines have been presented and generated power cost of the same amount via other resources compared to the hydro-power cost. At the end, in agreement with environmental advantages of small hydro-power plants, the methods of generated power utilization, proper solution for optimization of reachable energy in water transmission pipeline and substitution of pressure reducing valve by small hydro-power plant in the pipelines as a major solution for energy recovering in water pipelines have been proposed.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to provide theoretical basis for getting sustainable development of rural energy in Tibet into reality.[Method] By reviewing the rural energy resources in Tibet,we analyzed the characteristi...[Objective] This study was to provide theoretical basis for getting sustainable development of rural energy in Tibet into reality.[Method] By reviewing the rural energy resources in Tibet,we analyzed the characteristics and potential of rural biomass utilization in Tibet,and further put forward the sustainable countermeasures on the firewood substitution in Tibet.[Results] Renewable energies including hydraulic,geothermal,solar and wind resources are abundant in Tibet,while there is just a few of fossil energy resources such as oil and coal,with uneven distribution and poor exploration conditions.Traditional consumption of biomass energy resource accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption in Tibetan rural districts,which causes potential damage to the fragile ecological environment on the Tibetan Plateau.The excessive use of biomass energy destroyed the vegetation and evoked the environment deterioration such as the intensification of the water and soil loss and the declining of the soil fertility.[Conclusion] It is essential for Tibet to change its rural energy consumption structure,implement the Tibetan firewood alternative energy strategy and try to make full use of renewable energy such as solar energy,wind energy,hydro-energy instead of native vegetation and animal＇s droppings in order to reduce the adverse impacts of the irrational energy consumption on the ecological environment in Tibet.展开更多
风光水打捆经电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,风光水配比不同会影响系统的功率传输能力。文章首先建立风光水打捆直流外送系统的稳态数学模型和状态空...风光水打捆经电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,风光水配比不同会影响系统的功率传输能力。文章首先建立风光水打捆直流外送系统的稳态数学模型和状态空间模型,然后提出综合考虑稳态运行约束条件和小信号稳定性约束条件的系统功率传输能力计算方法及流程,掌握不同功率水平下系统稳定运行区域及边界的变化特征,最终得到不同水电出力下的直流外送系统功率传输范围、特定传输功率下所允许的水电出力最小值、风光配比与小信号稳定性的定量关系。通过该方法定量评估风光水配比不同时直流外送系统的功率传输能力,从而优化选取风光水配比。结果表明,水电出力较小时,系统传输功率上限受小信号稳定性制约,下限受电压偏移约束制约;水电出力较大时,系统传输功率上限受LCC-HVDC安全运行约束制约,下限受逆变侧电压偏移、系统潮流约束制约;在功率运行点不变时,风光配比平衡工况系统更加稳定。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC下的电磁暂态仿真,验证上述功率传输能力理论计算的正确性。展开更多
文摘In this work, historical background of power generation by small hydro-power plants across the world and specially across the Iran with emphasis on small hydro-power plant utilization as recovery turbine in water transmission pipeline have been attended firstly, and then, three water transmission pipelines from Chah-nemie to Zahedan city, Shirindare dam to Bojnord city and Mokhtaran desert to Birjand city in Iran have been studied as case study samples. According to the sample pipeline characteristics and pipeline topography, reachable energy have been estimated; in the next step, pay attending to reachable energy, initial investment cost, total benefit of operating period, benefit to cost ratio and other economical parameters for small hydro-power plants in case study pipelines have been presented and generated power cost of the same amount via other resources compared to the hydro-power cost. At the end, in agreement with environmental advantages of small hydro-power plants, the methods of generated power utilization, proper solution for optimization of reachable energy in water transmission pipeline and substitution of pressure reducing valve by small hydro-power plant in the pipelines as a major solution for energy recovering in water pipelines have been proposed.
基金Supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences-Knowledge Innovation Program Key Direction Project(KZCX2-YW-310)National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951702)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to provide theoretical basis for getting sustainable development of rural energy in Tibet into reality.[Method] By reviewing the rural energy resources in Tibet,we analyzed the characteristics and potential of rural biomass utilization in Tibet,and further put forward the sustainable countermeasures on the firewood substitution in Tibet.[Results] Renewable energies including hydraulic,geothermal,solar and wind resources are abundant in Tibet,while there is just a few of fossil energy resources such as oil and coal,with uneven distribution and poor exploration conditions.Traditional consumption of biomass energy resource accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption in Tibetan rural districts,which causes potential damage to the fragile ecological environment on the Tibetan Plateau.The excessive use of biomass energy destroyed the vegetation and evoked the environment deterioration such as the intensification of the water and soil loss and the declining of the soil fertility.[Conclusion] It is essential for Tibet to change its rural energy consumption structure,implement the Tibetan firewood alternative energy strategy and try to make full use of renewable energy such as solar energy,wind energy,hydro-energy instead of native vegetation and animal＇s droppings in order to reduce the adverse impacts of the irrational energy consumption on the ecological environment in Tibet.
文摘风光水打捆经电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,风光水配比不同会影响系统的功率传输能力。文章首先建立风光水打捆直流外送系统的稳态数学模型和状态空间模型,然后提出综合考虑稳态运行约束条件和小信号稳定性约束条件的系统功率传输能力计算方法及流程,掌握不同功率水平下系统稳定运行区域及边界的变化特征,最终得到不同水电出力下的直流外送系统功率传输范围、特定传输功率下所允许的水电出力最小值、风光配比与小信号稳定性的定量关系。通过该方法定量评估风光水配比不同时直流外送系统的功率传输能力,从而优化选取风光水配比。结果表明,水电出力较小时,系统传输功率上限受小信号稳定性制约,下限受电压偏移约束制约;水电出力较大时,系统传输功率上限受LCC-HVDC安全运行约束制约,下限受逆变侧电压偏移、系统潮流约束制约;在功率运行点不变时,风光配比平衡工况系统更加稳定。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC下的电磁暂态仿真,验证上述功率传输能力理论计算的正确性。
