Differences among species in prosome length and in species' response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Sea...Differences among species in prosome length and in species' response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods' population dynamics in this human-affected bay.展开更多
依托南通轨道交通1号线孩环区间(孩儿巷站—环城东路站)三线并行小净距盾构隧道工程,采用离散元法(Discrete Element Method,DEM)—有限差分法(Finite Difference Method,FDM)耦合的数值仿真,分析桩基础长度、桩隧距对桩基础变形的影响...依托南通轨道交通1号线孩环区间(孩儿巷站—环城东路站)三线并行小净距盾构隧道工程,采用离散元法(Discrete Element Method,DEM)—有限差分法(Finite Difference Method,FDM)耦合的数值仿真,分析桩基础长度、桩隧距对桩基础变形的影响。结果表明:三线小净距隧道施工会引起邻近桩基沉降;桩底和隧道顶部位于同一深度时,桩基水平位移最大值出现在桩底,桩基变形以倾斜为主;桩底与隧道底部位于同一深度和桩底位于隧道底部以下时桩基水平位移最大值出现在隧道轴线位置,桩基变形以弯曲为主,但桩底位于隧道底部以下时桩基对隧道施工表现出更强的敏感性;三种长度的桩基最大拉应力所在截面靠近隧道一侧和远离隧道一侧拉压应力状态均完全相反;桩长一定时,随桩隧距增大,桩基的沉降、最大水平位移、最大轴向拉应力均减小。展开更多
Monthly fishery survey data of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea from2003 and 2013 were employed to evaluate the variation in the resource distribution and biological character...Monthly fishery survey data of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea from2003 and 2013 were employed to evaluate the variation in the resource distribution and biological characteristics（especially body length and sex ratio） in the population on a decadal scale.The results indicated that the small yellow croaker migrated from the Shawai fishing ground to the Dasha fishing ground in spring and was mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Dasha fishing ground in April and May.Larimichthys polyactis in the Dasha fishing ground migrated eastward to offshore wintering grounds in autumn and reached the central Dasha fishing ground in October and November.The small yellow croaker entered the western waters of the Shawai fishing ground in winter.A large number of age 0＋ fish occurred in the Shawai and Jiangwai fishing grounds in October of 2003 and 2013.The body lengths of the spawning stock and wintering stock in 2013 were larger than those in 2003,and the monthly sex ratios（female to male） were significantly less than 1 in both years.The monthly distribution of this fish in the southern Yellow Sea was consistent with a previous finding that ＂the stock migrated between the wintering grounds in the west of Jeju Island and the Lüsi spawning grounds＂ but tended to move more northward,with the spawning grounds extending outward.In the past decade,body length variation experienced a decline after an increase,rather than a steady decrease.The sex ratio in the single-stick stow net showed a tendency to increase over the decade,but was either less than or more than 1 depending on the fishing gear;therefore,further studies should be conducted to determine the sex structure.展开更多
分子生物学研究表明,甘肃鼢鼠（Eospalaxcansus）和高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）是啮齿目（Rodentia）,鼹形鼠科（Spalacidae）,鼢鼠亚科（Myospalactinae）,中华鼢鼠属（Eospalax）的两个近缘种（Norris et al．，2004；Zhouand Zhou...分子生物学研究表明,甘肃鼢鼠（Eospalaxcansus）和高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）是啮齿目（Rodentia）,鼹形鼠科（Spalacidae）,鼢鼠亚科（Myospalactinae）,中华鼢鼠属（Eospalax）的两个近缘种（Norris et al．，2004；Zhouand Zhou，2008）。这两种鼠是我国西部常见的农、林、牧业害鼠（邴积才等，2001；张三亮等，2001；杨学军等，2006；周雪荣等，2010；马治德和马维海，2011）。它们均为典型的地下鼠，终身生活于封闭的地下洞道中（Nevo，1999），通过挖掘活动获取食物（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，1989；Norris et al．，2004）和寻找配偶，除短暂的交配期和雌性育幼过程外，雌雄鼠均独居生活。展开更多
为研究并网双馈风力发电系统故障实时运行特性,根据双馈风力发电机并网动态数学模型,在实时数字仿真平台(real time data simulator,RTDS)上搭建基于小步长元件的2 MW双馈式风力发电系统的仿真模型,其"背靠背"变流器采用经典...为研究并网双馈风力发电系统故障实时运行特性,根据双馈风力发电机并网动态数学模型,在实时数字仿真平台(real time data simulator,RTDS)上搭建基于小步长元件的2 MW双馈式风力发电系统的仿真模型,其"背靠背"变流器采用经典的矢量控制策略。在风力发电系统并网母线故障情况下,分别对风机机械功率与发电机电磁功率的运行特性和背靠背变流器两侧功率及电压等变化情况进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明,故障时基于小步长算法的双馈风力发电系统具有良好的动态性能,同时验证所采用控制策略的有效性。展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-213-3)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2006CB400606)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40631008)
文摘Differences among species in prosome length and in species' response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods' population dynamics in this human-affected bay.
文摘依托南通轨道交通1号线孩环区间(孩儿巷站—环城东路站)三线并行小净距盾构隧道工程,采用离散元法(Discrete Element Method,DEM)—有限差分法(Finite Difference Method,FDM)耦合的数值仿真,分析桩基础长度、桩隧距对桩基础变形的影响。结果表明:三线小净距隧道施工会引起邻近桩基沉降;桩底和隧道顶部位于同一深度时,桩基水平位移最大值出现在桩底,桩基变形以倾斜为主;桩底与隧道底部位于同一深度和桩底位于隧道底部以下时桩基水平位移最大值出现在隧道轴线位置,桩基变形以弯曲为主,但桩底位于隧道底部以下时桩基对隧道施工表现出更强的敏感性;三种长度的桩基最大拉应力所在截面靠近隧道一侧和远离隧道一侧拉压应力状态均完全相反;桩长一定时,随桩隧距增大,桩基的沉降、最大水平位移、最大轴向拉应力均减小。
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under contract No.BK20140438the Special Fund for the Fishery Resource Survey Project of East China Sea Region by the Ministry of Agriculture+1 种基金the Jiangsu Innovative Experiment Project for Postgraduate Students of China under contract No.CXZZ13_0275the Jiangsu Science and Technology Support Program of China under contract No.BE2012422
文摘Monthly fishery survey data of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea from2003 and 2013 were employed to evaluate the variation in the resource distribution and biological characteristics（especially body length and sex ratio） in the population on a decadal scale.The results indicated that the small yellow croaker migrated from the Shawai fishing ground to the Dasha fishing ground in spring and was mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Dasha fishing ground in April and May.Larimichthys polyactis in the Dasha fishing ground migrated eastward to offshore wintering grounds in autumn and reached the central Dasha fishing ground in October and November.The small yellow croaker entered the western waters of the Shawai fishing ground in winter.A large number of age 0＋ fish occurred in the Shawai and Jiangwai fishing grounds in October of 2003 and 2013.The body lengths of the spawning stock and wintering stock in 2013 were larger than those in 2003,and the monthly sex ratios（female to male） were significantly less than 1 in both years.The monthly distribution of this fish in the southern Yellow Sea was consistent with a previous finding that ＂the stock migrated between the wintering grounds in the west of Jeju Island and the Lüsi spawning grounds＂ but tended to move more northward,with the spawning grounds extending outward.In the past decade,body length variation experienced a decline after an increase,rather than a steady decrease.The sex ratio in the single-stick stow net showed a tendency to increase over the decade,but was either less than or more than 1 depending on the fishing gear;therefore,further studies should be conducted to determine the sex structure.
文摘分子生物学研究表明,甘肃鼢鼠（Eospalaxcansus）和高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）是啮齿目（Rodentia）,鼹形鼠科（Spalacidae）,鼢鼠亚科（Myospalactinae）,中华鼢鼠属（Eospalax）的两个近缘种（Norris et al．，2004；Zhouand Zhou，2008）。这两种鼠是我国西部常见的农、林、牧业害鼠（邴积才等，2001；张三亮等，2001；杨学军等，2006；周雪荣等，2010；马治德和马维海，2011）。它们均为典型的地下鼠，终身生活于封闭的地下洞道中（Nevo，1999），通过挖掘活动获取食物（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，1989；Norris et al．，2004）和寻找配偶，除短暂的交配期和雌性育幼过程外，雌雄鼠均独居生活。
文摘为研究并网双馈风力发电系统故障实时运行特性,根据双馈风力发电机并网动态数学模型,在实时数字仿真平台(real time data simulator,RTDS)上搭建基于小步长元件的2 MW双馈式风力发电系统的仿真模型,其"背靠背"变流器采用经典的矢量控制策略。在风力发电系统并网母线故障情况下,分别对风机机械功率与发电机电磁功率的运行特性和背靠背变流器两侧功率及电压等变化情况进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明,故障时基于小步长算法的双馈风力发电系统具有良好的动态性能,同时验证所采用控制策略的有效性。
