in order to understand the dynamic change of nitric oxide (NO) and its pathological significance during intestinal radiation sickness, we gave mice 60Co γ-ray irradiation and sacrificed them after different periods o...in order to understand the dynamic change of nitric oxide (NO) and its pathological significance during intestinal radiation sickness, we gave mice 60Co γ-ray irradiation and sacrificed them after different periods of survival.The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was studied by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. The results showed that in the animal groups that survived 48 h and 72 h after irradiation (the 48 h and 72 h groups), the number of NOS-positive neuronal bodies and the density of NOS-positive fibers increased obviously in the myenteric plexus and deep muscular plexus as compared with the control group. The neuronal bodies and fibers were stained intensely. The NOS-positive reaction product in the glandular cavities of the intestines and on the mucosa also increased. The results suggest that the activation of NOS or increase of NO production might be one of the main causes of intestinal and vascular dilatation during intestinal radiation sickness.展开更多
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP） is an uncommon type of prostate cancer. However, it is of clinical importance because it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the prostate with a very p...Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP） is an uncommon type of prostate cancer. However, it is of clinical importance because it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the prostate with a very poor prognosis. There exist few artificially cultured tumor cell lines to study SCNCE Then, another approach to that study consists in the use of fresh tumor tissue obtained from patients and its heterotransplantation into host mice. The purpose of this review is to integrate data from more than 20 years of heterotransplantation research in the study of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP）. Heterotransplantation has provided data regarding the histopathology, karyotype, DNA content, cell cycle frequency, tumor markers, androgen receptor expression, metastasis and take rate of this prostate disease. When possible, comparisons between original in situ specimens removed from patients and heterotransplanted tissue from host mice have been made. There are advantages, as well as limitations, that have been identified for SCNCP heterotransplants versus xenotransplantation of cultured cells. Overall, heterotransplanted tumors are better than conventional tumor xenografts at retaining tumor morphology, pathology, secretory activity and expression of tumor markers of the patient＇s original specimen. Furthermore, heterotransplanted tissue preserves the three-dimensional tumor architecture of the prostate to maintain critical stromal-epithelial cell interactions.展开更多
Summary： Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs gradually and results in memory, behavior, and personality changes. Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism was repo...Summary： Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs gradually and results in memory, behavior, and personality changes. Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism was reported in AD previously. This study aimed to investigate whether sphK1 could exacerbate the accumulation of amyloid protein （Aβ） and sharpen the learning and memory ability of the animal model of AD using siRNA interference. An adenovirus vector expressing small interfering RNA （siRNA） against the sphK1 gene （sphKl-siRNA） was designed, and the effects of sphKl-siRNA on the APP/PS1 mouse four weeks after treatment with sphKl-siRNA hippocampal injection were examined. SphK1 protein expression was confirmed by using Western blotting and ceramide content coupled with SIP secretion was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Aβ load was detected by immunohistochemical staining and ELISA. Morris water maze was adopted to test the learning and memory ability of the APP/PS 1 mice. A significant difference in the expression of sphK1 protein and mRNA was observed between the siRNA group and the control group. Aβ load in transfected mice was accelerated in vivo, with significant aggravation of the learn- ing and memory ability. The sphKl gene modulation in the All load and the learning and memory ability in the animal model of AD may be important for the treatment of AD.展开更多
文摘in order to understand the dynamic change of nitric oxide (NO) and its pathological significance during intestinal radiation sickness, we gave mice 60Co γ-ray irradiation and sacrificed them after different periods of survival.The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was studied by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. The results showed that in the animal groups that survived 48 h and 72 h after irradiation (the 48 h and 72 h groups), the number of NOS-positive neuronal bodies and the density of NOS-positive fibers increased obviously in the myenteric plexus and deep muscular plexus as compared with the control group. The neuronal bodies and fibers were stained intensely. The NOS-positive reaction product in the glandular cavities of the intestines and on the mucosa also increased. The results suggest that the activation of NOS or increase of NO production might be one of the main causes of intestinal and vascular dilatation during intestinal radiation sickness.
文摘Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP） is an uncommon type of prostate cancer. However, it is of clinical importance because it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the prostate with a very poor prognosis. There exist few artificially cultured tumor cell lines to study SCNCE Then, another approach to that study consists in the use of fresh tumor tissue obtained from patients and its heterotransplantation into host mice. The purpose of this review is to integrate data from more than 20 years of heterotransplantation research in the study of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP）. Heterotransplantation has provided data regarding the histopathology, karyotype, DNA content, cell cycle frequency, tumor markers, androgen receptor expression, metastasis and take rate of this prostate disease. When possible, comparisons between original in situ specimens removed from patients and heterotransplanted tissue from host mice have been made. There are advantages, as well as limitations, that have been identified for SCNCP heterotransplants versus xenotransplantation of cultured cells. Overall, heterotransplanted tumors are better than conventional tumor xenografts at retaining tumor morphology, pathology, secretory activity and expression of tumor markers of the patient＇s original specimen. Furthermore, heterotransplanted tissue preserves the three-dimensional tumor architecture of the prostate to maintain critical stromal-epithelial cell interactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81070879)
文摘Summary： Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs gradually and results in memory, behavior, and personality changes. Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism was reported in AD previously. This study aimed to investigate whether sphK1 could exacerbate the accumulation of amyloid protein （Aβ） and sharpen the learning and memory ability of the animal model of AD using siRNA interference. An adenovirus vector expressing small interfering RNA （siRNA） against the sphK1 gene （sphKl-siRNA） was designed, and the effects of sphKl-siRNA on the APP/PS1 mouse four weeks after treatment with sphKl-siRNA hippocampal injection were examined. SphK1 protein expression was confirmed by using Western blotting and ceramide content coupled with SIP secretion was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Aβ load was detected by immunohistochemical staining and ELISA. Morris water maze was adopted to test the learning and memory ability of the APP/PS 1 mice. A significant difference in the expression of sphK1 protein and mRNA was observed between the siRNA group and the control group. Aβ load in transfected mice was accelerated in vivo, with significant aggravation of the learn- ing and memory ability. The sphKl gene modulation in the All load and the learning and memory ability in the animal model of AD may be important for the treatment of AD.
