Shear Stress in MR Fluid with Small Shear Deformation in Bctlattic Structure

A theoretical model based on BCT lattice structure was developed. Resultant force in the BCT lattice structure was deduced, following the interaction force of two kinds of magnetic particles. According to empirical FroHlich-Kermelly law, the relationship between the magnetic induction and the magnetic field was discussed, and a predictive formula of shear stresses of the BCT lattice structure model was established for the case of small shear deformation. Compared with the experimental data for different particle volume fractions, the theoretical results of the shear stress indicate the effects of the saturation magnetization and the external magnetic field on the shear stress.

Experimental study of seismic cyclic loading effects on small strain shear modulus of saturated sands

The seismic loading on saturated soil deposits induces a decrease in effective stress and a rearrangement of the soil-particle structure, which may both lead to a degradation in undrained stiffness and strength of soils. Only the effective stress influence on small strain shear modulus Gmax is considered in seismic response analysis nowadays, and the cyclic shearing induced fabric changes of the soil-particle structure are neglected. In this paper, undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated sands with the shear wave velocity measured by bender element, to study the influences of seismic loading on Gmax. And Gmax of samples without cyclic loading effects was also investigated for comparison. The test results indicated that Gmax under cyclic loading effects is lower than that without such effects at the same effective stress, and also well correlated with the effective stress variation. Hence it is necessary to reinvestigate the determination of Gmax in seismic response analysis carefully to predict the ground responses during earthquake more reasonably.

Vibrational shear flow of anisotropic viscoelastic fluid with small amplitudes

Using the constitutive equation of co-rotational derivative type for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline(LC),polymer liquids was developed.Two relaxation times are introduced in the equation:λn represents relaxation of the normal-symmetric stress components;λs represents relaxation of the shear-unsymmetric stress components.A vibrational rotating flow in gap between cylinders with small amplitudes is studied for the anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline polymer.The time-dependent constitutive equation are linearized with respect to parameter of small amplitude.For the normal-symmetric part of stress tensor analytical expression of the shear stress is obtained by the constitutive equation.The complex viscosity,complex shear modulus,dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are obtained for the normal-symmetric stress case which are defined by the common shear rate.For the shear-unsymmetric stress part,two shear stresses are obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) are given by the constitutive equation which are defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.The dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are given for each complex viscosities and complex shear modulus.Using the constituive equation the rotating flow with small amplitudes in gap between two coaxial cylinders is studied.

Small-scale multi-axial hybrid simulation of a shear-critical reinforced concrete frame

This study presents a numerical multi-scale simulation framework which is extended to accommodate hybrid simulation （numerical-experimental integration）. The framework is enhanced with a standardized data exchange format and connected to a generalized controller interface program which facilitates communication with various types of laboratory equipment and testing configurations. A small-scale experimental program was conducted using a six degree-of-freedom hydraulic testing equipment to verify the proposed framework and provide additional data for small-scale testing of shear- critical reinforced concrete structures. The specimens were tested in a multi-axial hybrid simulation manner under a reversed cyclic loading condition simulating earthquake forces. The physical models were 1/3.23-scale representations of a beam and two columns. A mixed-type modelling technique was employed to analyze the remainder of the structures. The hybrid simulation results were compared against those obtained from a large-scale test and finite element analyses. The study found that if precautions are taken in preparing model materials and if the shear-related mechanisms are accurately considered in the numerical model, small-scale hybrid simulations can adequately simulate the behaviour of shear-critical structures. Although the findings of the study are promising, to draw general conclusions additional test data are required.

ANTIPLANE SHEAR FIELDS NEAR A CRACK-TIP IN A BRITTLE DAMAGED MATERIAL

In this paper,a simplified brittle damage model is proposed according to the Mazars-Lemaitre damage model for concrete.A closed-form solution for a mode Ⅲ crack is obtained based on the simplified model under small scale damage conditions,which allows for discontinuities of displacement-gradient and tangential stress on the damage boundary.It is pointed out that the discontinuities of field variables near the tip region exist for the brittle damaged material induced by the softening effect of the material.

A Novel Shear Mode MR Damper and Its Mechanical Performance

This paper presents a linear shear mod magneto-rheological(MR) damper which can be applied to vibration control system.The proposed MR damper featured by a small amount of MR fluid,absence of a gas chamber or diaphragm and piston with helix slotted.Because of the absence of a gas chamber or diaphragm,unnecessary damping force caused by gas compression is not generated.Magnitude and damping coefficient of damping force are two important indexes to evaluate performance of MR damper.The piston with helix slotted is developed based on mechanical analysis on rheological characteristics of MR damper,and the damping performance of MR damper with helix slotted piston is investigated through performance experiments and comparison with analytical simulation.The results indicate that helix slot may increase friction coefficient on surface of the piston,and improve the maximum damping force without reducing damping coefficient of the damper.The reflux of MR fluid may be increased by adjusting helix angle suitably,which avoids the settlement of MR fluid.

颗粒表面粗糙度对材料小应变动力特性的影响

土体的小应变剪切模量和阻尼比是表征土体动力学特性的重要参数,不仅受到土体密实度和应力状态的影响,还受到土体颗粒级配、形状等颗粒特征的影响。颗粒表面粗糙度是重要的土体颗粒特征之一,然而关于颗粒表面粗糙度对土体小应变动力特性影响的研究较为匮乏。利用能量注入式虚拟质量共振柱设备,系统地测试了颗粒表面粗糙度不同的玻璃珠所成试样的小应变剪切模量和阻尼比;采用三维干涉显微镜测量了玻璃珠的表面粗糙度,并量化表征粗糙度对试样小应变剪切模量和阻尼比的影响。试验结果表明,在相同孔隙比和有效应力条件下,试样的小应变剪切模量随颗粒表面粗糙度增大而减小,而小应变阻尼比受颗粒表面粗糙度影响的规律不明显。研究结果表明,当材料的颗粒形状、级配等因素相近时,颗粒表面粗糙度对材料小应变剪切模量的影响不应被忽略。

峰前等剪应力幅值下黏土-混凝土接触面小变形特性分析

为了研究黏土-混凝土接触面在峰前切向循环剪切应力控制条件下的变形特性,运用研制的土-结构接触面循环剪切仪,开展了50、100、150、200k Pa共4个法向压力下的黏土-混凝土接触面直接剪切试验,确定了各法向压力下接触面的峰值剪切强度;在每个法向压力下设置了低于峰值强度的2个低剪切应力幅值和3个高剪切应力幅值,开展了黏土-混凝土接触面循环剪切试验。根据试验结果,设置了累积位移、割线刚度、切向塑性功3个指标,分析了各指标随循环圈数的发展规律;对比了同一剪切应力幅值下,法向压力对循环剪切曲线的影响。试验结果表明,低剪切应力幅值下,黏土-混凝土接触面剪切位移-剪切应力曲线表现为弹性;高剪切应力幅值下,黏土-混凝土接触面剪切位移-剪切应力曲线表现为弹塑性,接触面累积位移存在极限值,割线加载刚度和割线卸载刚度逐渐增大并趋于一致,切向塑性功逐渐减小并趋于0;法向压力对接触面循环剪切曲线的影响主要体现在第1圈循环时。相关研究成果可服务于土-敏感结构接触面峰前阶段循环剪切的变形分析,亦可为低剪切应力下土-结构接触面循环剪切本构的建立提供试验依据。

断面有效正应力对断层侧向封闭能力的控制作用

小位移断层的侧向封闭性决定断层圈闭富集油气的能力,随着油气勘探技术理论的发展,曾被忽略的小位移断层在油气勘探和开发过程中的作用日益突出。为了明确小位移断层的内部结构特征及其对断层侧向封闭性的影响,应用自主研发的高压低速环形剪切装置,以断面有效正应力为变量,对高孔隙度纯净砂岩开展环形剪切物理模拟实验,分析断面有效正应力对断层侧向封闭性的影响。结果表明:断裂在高孔隙纯净砂岩内以碎裂作用机制为主,形成典型的碎裂型断层岩,其渗透率明显降低,是导致同层砂岩对接段侧向封闭的根本原因。在其他因素固定的条件下,断面有效正应力越大,断层岩碎裂程度越大,颗粒直径和孔隙度越小;岩石颗粒的破碎及碎屑基质的填充导致断裂带孔隙度和渗透率明显降低。断面有效正应力是小位移断层侧向封闭能力的主要控制因素,小位移断层具有富集油气的潜力。研究结果对裂陷盆地断块油气藏勘探开发具有重要的指导意义。

结构性黄土的小应变刚度特性研究

由于存在以粉粒为主的土骨架和大量孔隙形成的架空结构以及粒间胶结作用,原状黄土表现出显著的结构特性。为研究结构性对黄土小应变刚度的影响,以典型的结构性黄土为研究对象,利用固定–自由型Stokoe共振柱试验系统,开展了原状与重塑黄土试样在不同围压下的共振柱试验。结果表明,在小应变范围内,原状与重塑黄土的刚度特性均表现出非线性特征,其剪切模量–剪应变(G-γ)关系可以采用Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型进行拟合。结构性显著控制黄土的小应变刚度特性,表现在原状土相较于重塑土具有更高的剪切模量、更低的刚度对围压的敏感性。研究还对结构性对黄土小应变刚度的控制作用开展了定量评价,并与包括伦敦黏土、渥太华砂在内的多种黏性土、砂土进行了比较,加深了对结构性黄土力学行为的理解,为相关工程设计提供技术参考。

小型铅芯橡胶支座剪切性能试验研究

通过对小型铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)进行剪切试验,研究了支座剪应变、压应力和加载频率对支座等效水平刚度、屈服后刚度、屈服力和等效阻尼比的影响。结果表明:随着剪应变的增大,支座的等效水平刚度和屈服后刚度减小,屈服力增大,等效阻尼比呈线性减小;随着竖向压应力的增大,支座的等效水平刚度减小,屈服后刚度呈线性减小,屈服力和等效阻尼比呈线性增大;加载频率对支座的剪切性能基本没有影响,可以忽略;100%剪应变以内,施加的剪应变和压应力没有对隔震支座造成损伤;剪应变超过100%的大变形和大压应力会使支座进入塑性,造成支座部分永久性损伤。建议根据振动台试验的工况顺序及支座在振动台试验的最大实际变形设计拟静力试验的工况。提出日本规范等效水平刚度计算公式的修正系数,并与振动台试验实测值进行对照,证明了修正后的计算公式计算精度有所提高。

小箱梁抗剪及抗弯加固措施及效果分析

改扩建工程往往面临着既有桥梁的加固,以浙江某高速改扩建项目为案例,首先分析了抗弯承载能力、抗剪承载能力、局部承压承载能力不足的原因;其次结合各自承载能力基本原理,结合规范要求,分析了加固常用方法,并对每种加固方法的原理进行了介绍;最后结合项目实际特点,介绍了所采用的方法以及加固的效果。结果表明,采用合适的加固方法可以有效解决城市高速公路桥梁的结构问题,确保了其长期安全运营。这一研究为城市基础设施的可持续发展提供了有力支持。

利用弯曲元测试砂土剪切模量的国际平行试验

首先介绍了弯曲元技术的基本原理和应用研究情况,然后详细报道了浙江大学岩土工程研究所参与此次国际平行试验的试验内容和初步分析结果。试验对象为饱和Toyoura砂,内容为排水条件下的多级加荷三轴(固结比Kc=1,2)和固结仪K0试验,在每级荷载下利用弯曲元测试土样的剪切波速并计算剪切模量Gmax。本文试验结果与弯曲元技术应用方法为TC-29的最终分析提供了有效的试验数据和参考依据。

小剪跨比牛腿承载性能试验研究

为了分析小剪跨比钢筋混凝土牛腿在竖向荷载作用下的破坏情况,通过试验研究了不同剪跨比和混凝土强度对牛腿承载能力的影响,分析了牛腿纵筋的承载力-应变曲线和破坏形态.结果表明:在小剪跨比情况下,牛腿破坏形态大致可分为剪切破坏和斜压破坏2种破坏形态;混凝土强度的提高使钢筋混凝土牛腿受剪承载力增大而且基本呈线性关系;随着剪跨比的增大,牛腿的极限承载力明显下降;在荷载一定的情况下,裂缝宽度基本上随剪跨比的增大而增大,钢筋的应变值随剪跨比的减小而变小.

土体小应变试验研究综述与评价

从室内试验与现场试验两方面对土体小应变试验研究现状进行了综述与评价,指出最近应力历史对小应变刚度门槛值及小应变范围内刚度变化的重要性,值得进一步系统研究。同时也指出小应变试验研究对指导我国工程实践也具有重要的现实意义。

砂土剪切模量测定的弯曲元、共振柱和循环扭剪试验

利用弯曲元、共振柱和循环扭剪试验联合测定了不同围压和密实度条件下干砂的小应变剪切模量,研究了弯曲元试验中输出信号的特性和各种信号分析方法确定剪切波传播时间的可靠性,并对比了不同试验的结果。研究结果表明,在共振柱试验时,需要考虑系统刚度对试验结果的影响,特别当试样刚度较大时。弯曲元输出信号中最先到达的是近场效应,其初始极化方向跟剪切波相反。近场效应随着输入频率的增加有一定程度的减小,但不会消失。实际试验中建议输入频率不断增加,直至输出信号比较稳定。值得注意的是,剪切初达波的振幅可能远小于后续振动,因此容易造成初达波的误判。时域初达波法能比较可靠准确地确定剪切波的传播时间,波峰法、交互相关法和交互功率法结果均随输入频率有较大波动,不能可靠地确定剪切波的传播时间。对比试验表明,弯曲元、共振柱和循环扭剪试验确定小应变剪切模量对细砂和粗砂均吻合良好,初步表明砂土粒径对不同试验方法结果的一致性没有影响。

干砂饱和砂小应变剪切模量共振柱弯曲元对比试验研究

通过对2种洁净的干砂与饱和砂进行弯曲元与共振柱对比试验研究，得出了可靠的弯曲元剪切波传播时间确定方法，并对饱和砂土弯曲元与共振柱试验结果的偏差进行解释。不同频率激发信号对弯曲元剪切波速传播时间的研究证实，剪切波速随激发频率的增大而增大，采用激发频率为10kHz的初达波法与共振柱试验得到的结果具有较好的一致性。饱和砂土弯曲元与共振柱试验剪切波速结果相差6％～10％，可通过饱和砂土中剪切波速的弥散性对其进行解释。大部分洁净砂在弯曲元试验中激发频率一般大于特征频率，均需考虑剪切波速的弥散性。而对于天然砂土或粉土一般具有较高的特征频率，其弯曲元试验中一般不考虑剪切波速的弥散性。为洁净砂和天然砂土饱和土样的弯曲元测试提供有效方法。

循环应力历史对饱和软黏土小应变剪切模量的影响

饱和软黏土的小应变剪切模量Gmax是其基本力学参数。在进行饱和软黏土的有效应力动力分析时,往往认为小应变剪切模量Gmax只随着有效应力的降低而衰减,而不受动荷载应力历史的影响,因此基本采用静力状态下得到的小应变剪切模量代替相同有效应力时动力状态下的小应变剪切模量。但是,对于饱和软黏土,目前并没有足够多的试验数据证明这一假设。基于这一考虑,通过GDS动三轴及弯曲元测试系统,研究了循环应力历史对饱和软黏土小应变剪切模量的影响,试验结果表明循环应力历史对Gmax的影响较大,采用静力状态下得到的Gmax代替动力状态下的Gmax并不可取。同时,发现可以使用小应变剪切模量的突变来表征饱和软黏土的结构破坏。

小锥角零件多道次剪旋成形试验研究

针对小锥角零件(半锥角α=7°)的成形,以LF2,LF6,LF21铝板料为原料,采用先预制坯后多道次剪旋的成形方案,试验研究了材料塑性、工艺参数和壁厚减薄率对旋压件成形质量的影响,确定了成形小锥角零件的合理方案.研究表明:材料的塑性对可旋性有很大影响,为获得较高的成形极限,材料应同时具有较好的塑性和适当的加工硬化性;在每道次前均退火的条件下,合理的道次分配方案是前一道次在材料的成形极限范围尽量减薄,而最终道次减薄率需控制在一定的范围内(50%以内);旋压过程中保持一定的负偏离(3%左右),同时采用较大的进给比有利于提高旋压件精度.

固化粉土小应变剪切模量与强度增长相关性研究

小应变剪切模量和无侧限抗压强度是表征固化土刚度和强度特性的两个重要参数。简要介绍了弯曲元测试技术的原理及其在试验中存在的问题,采用压电陶瓷弯曲元测试技术对水泥和木质素固化剂固化粉土试样在不同养护龄期下的小应变剪切模量进行了测试,同时对相应龄期下试样进行了常规无侧限抗压强度试验,通过引入归一化参数G28和UCS28对不同固化土的小应变剪切模量和无侧限抗压强度之间的相关关系进行分析,提出了固化土刚度与强度的相关性模型,可为地基处理中固化土的无损测试与加固效果评价提供新的方法。结果表明,水泥、木质素固化粉土的小应变剪切模量随养护龄期增加而增加,养护龄期28 d内增长显著,28 d后增长趋于平稳;相同类型固化土不论固化剂掺量多少,其小应变剪切模量随养护时间的发展在本质上是相同的;固化土归一化无侧限抗压强度表现出与小应变剪切模量相似的发展趋势;提出的固化土归一化模型可作为一种土体强度无损检测的新方法。