The Relationship between the Firm Size and the Quantity of Accountants Employed by the Firm： An Analysis of the 436 Listed Firms in the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange

There are 9.56 million accountants in China, who are working in different size firms and nonprofit organizations. The objective of this article is to examine the quantitative relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants working for the firm. In this paper, the employees, sales revenues, and total assets in a firm are employed to measure firm size. The authors collect and analyze the data of 436 listed firms from the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The result of this study indicates there is a positive relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants employed by the firm. The study also establishes the multiple regression equation, which can be used to predict the quantity of accountants of listed firms. And it provides a way to predict the quantity of accountants of legal organizations.

Research on the Informatilization of the Small-medium Sized Technological Enterprise in China

The paper analyses the necessity and importance of enterprise informatilization in Small-medium Sized technological enterprises in China. Considering the problems existing in the informatilization, the authors suggest that some problems and countermeasures be paid special attention when the enterprises promote their survival and development by informatilization.

Technological Intensity of Sectors,Size of the Firms and Competencies of Network Evidence from French Industrial Firms

The aim of this article is to stress the importance of competencies to build network in the innovation process. Innovation is not only R＆D but is often supporting by networks and relations that differ according to the size of the firm and the sector. We propose an empirical analysis, based on logit model, for French industrial firms. It appears that size and technological intensity of the sector affect positively the detention of networking competencies.

Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Tourism Destination Firms Listed on Stock Exchanges in China

Purpose:the aim of this research is to test the effect of financial ratio on the financial performance of tourism destination firms listed on stock exchange in China.The research selected ratios:current ratio(CR)as a dimension of liquidity,total asset turnover ratio(TATR)as a dimension of asset utilization,debt ratio(DE)as a dimension of leverage,natural logarithm of total asset(LNTA)as a dimension of firm size,GDP growth rate as a dimension of economic prosperity,and effective tax rate as a dimension of effective tax.This research will use return on asset(ROA),return on sales(ROS),return on equity(ROE)and sales growth(SG)to determine the financial performance.Since stock exchange founded in China,tourism destination firm developed very fast.However tourism destination listed firms have weakness financial performance.Design/methodology/approach:the research data collected from quarterly financial report,from 2012 Q1 to 2018 Q4.The secondary data has been analyzed by multiple regression.Finding:the result indicate that CR,TATR,GDP growth rate have positive impact on financial performance.While DE has negative impact on financial performance.And LNTA has a mix result with financial performance.Originality/value:This study led to the effect of financial ratios on tourism's financial performance since past researches with this aim were difficult to identify and certain references were not specifically linked to the topic.

Dynamics of firm size in healthcare industry

Healthcare is one of the world’s fastest growing industries consisting of broad services offered by various hospitals, physicians, nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies and supported by drugs, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, medical equipment, manufacturers and suppliers. The industry is highly fragmented, comprising of various ancillary sectors namely medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceutical, healthcare services, biotechnology, and alternative medicines. The present study focuses on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology segments of the healthcare industry, and presents a stochastic analysis of the evolution over time of firm size. A dynamic model is proposed that attempts to predict the evolutionary process of firm size distribution based on industry and product characteristics. A validation exercise, applying the model to pharmaceutical and the biotechnology industries finds that the predictions from the model are very close to the actual trajectories of firm size distributions within these industries at the global level. The results show interestingly, that the drivers of firm size dynamics are industry level characteristics that can be estimated from historical data with some accuracy. Specifically, it is found that firm size distributions are approaching a long-run equilibrium at a faster rate in the case of the pharmaceutical industry and that the dispersion of the distributions are shrinking over time above all for the biotechnology industry.

Relationship between Logistics Firm Size and Business Diversification: An Empirical Study of Chongqing, Area in China

This paper aims to explore the relationship between logistics firm size and business diversification, especially in micro- and small-sized enterprises, and assess the diversification process of Chongqing logistics enterprises using new data source. It is intended to contribute to theoretical research on diversification in the emerging logistics industry based on resource-based view (RBV) and factor production theory. We innovatively establish the logistics business classification system, then measure the degree and direction of diversification of logistics enterprises based on mean narrow-spectrum diversification-based product count methods. The empirically shows that there are a growing number of highly-diversified logistics enterprises in general, with an average annual increase of 14.23%. Especially after 2008, small and medium-sized enterprises developed towards related diversification while micro-sized enterprises came to the opposite conclusion. For them, creating unrelated diversified business is a crucial way to generate a competitive advantage. Unlike the conclusions derived from other industries, small-sized logistics enterprises are prone to try a new business, both related and unrelated, for better survival and performance. And changes in the firm size of medium and large-sized enterprises have little impact on the development of the business diversification.

The effect of firm size and firm activities on CSR practices of selected Chinese-Filipino-owned MSMEs in Metro Manila

Socially-responsible business and ethical behavior of companies have been of interest to academia and practice for decades, but the focus has almost exclusively been on large corporations, while small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） have not received as much attention （Hammann, et al., 2009）. Worthington, et al （2006） recognized the need to encourage socially-responsible business practices among the 90 per cent or more of the world＇s businesses that are classified as SMEs. Perrini, et al （2007） found that size explains the differences in firms＇ willingness to define and implement such specific corporate social responsibility （CSR） strategies, while Murillo and Lozano （2006） concluded that it still remains to be explored whether manufacturing companies tend to apply CSR more extensively, or whether businesses oriented to other business have a tendency to incorporate CSR into their management patterns to a higher degree. Moreover, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, in her 7 June, 2002 speech, recognized the importance of Chinese-Filipinos in helping improve the Philippine economy, and yet, not much research had been done on this sub-sector. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of finn size and finn activities on the social responsibility practices of selected 30 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises （MSMEs） in Metro Manila which are owned by Chinese-Filipinos. Survey questionnaires and interview were used for gathering data, while a correlations test was used to analyze the data and to conclude whether finn size and finn activities have an effect on the sampled companies＇ CSR practices.

Firm Size, Innovation and Vertical Integration Incentives： The Case of Food Supply Chain

This study aims to investigate and explore the relationship between vertical integration and the firm＇s innovativeness in food supply chain. For doing so, a two-stage least-squares model was used. It encompassed instrumental variables that attempt to describe the effective determinants of firm＇s vertical integration willingness. Results based on data concerning a set of 130 food-manufacturing firms, highlighted that vertical integration of a firm is strongly affected by internal incentives such as innovation rate and firm size. Moreover, it is simultaneously influenced by the economies of scale and some structure incentives. To conclude, results indicate globally that important and statistically significant differences exist across the studied firms and the small effective ones which acquire a high level of vertical integration.

Capital Structure Determinants and Their Impact on Firm Value： Evidence From Indonesia

This study has two main purposes, i.e., the first is to discover and analyze capital structure determinants, and the second is to discover and analyze the influence of capital structure determinants on firm value in which capital structure treated as a moderating variable. Factors suspected to be determinants of capital structure consist of company growth, profitability, asset structure, leverage, and company size. The population in this study were manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Using purposive sampling method, 125 companies with four years＇ （2008-2011） observation period were collected. The analysis tool used was multiple regression. The results showed that factors which significantly determined capital structure were fixed asset structure, leverage, profitability, and size, while company growth did not influence capital structure. Meanwhile, with capital structure as a moderating variable, asset structure, leverage, and profitability significantly influence the finn value, while company growth and company size did not influence the firm value.

The Empirical Study of Board Structure and Firm Performance-Innovative Small Enterprises in China

This study took small enterprises listed from 2010 to 2015 as the empirical object.The board size,CEO duality,and ratio of independent directors were independent variables.The return on total assets,return on shareholders’equity and earnings per share were taken as the dependent variables,and three hypotheses were tested with SPSS.It is found that the board size was positively correlated with firm performance,but was not significant.There was no significant correlation between the ratio of independent directors and CEO duality on firm performance.This study suggests that optimizing the leadership structure of the board of directors can help improve the firm performance of enterprises.

可持续供应链管理对中小制造企业朴素式创新的影响研究

基于可持续供应链管理视角,对6家企业进行定性探索和295家制造业中小企业进行实证检验,分析制造业中小企业朴素式创新的主要影响因素。研究表明:在可持续供应链内部管理方面,内部环境管理与内部社会责任管理会促进中小制造企业的朴素式创新;在可持续供应链外部管理方面,企业与供应商进行可持续合作会促进企业朴素式创新的开展,而企业监督评价供应商的可持续发展行为并不影响企业的朴素式创新;公司规模仅在可持续供应链内部管理对企业朴素式创新的影响中发挥正向调节作用。

先进制造业上市公司ESG行为与企业绩效

本文以2013~2022年5110个A股先进制造业上市公司为样本,探究先进制造业企业ESG表现与企业绩效之间的关系,特别是技术创新和债务融资成本的中介作用。研究结果表明,先进制造业企业ESG表现对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响,在进行一系列稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立。机制检验结果表明,先进制造业企业履行ESG责任可以通过提升技术创新水平,改善企业绩效;然而,债务融资成本的中介作用不成立。异质性研究表明,ESG表现对企业绩效的影响在大规模企业、非国有企业和非环保企业中尤为明显。研究为推进先进制造业企业ESG实践,驱动其可持续发展提供重要启示。

家族所有权涉入与企业国际化--基于企业规模与国资参股的视角

家族所有权涉入对企业国际化的影响通常被认为是线性的。关于两者之间是否存在非线性关系,现有研究尚未得出一致结论。基于中国创业板和中小板上市家族企业2013-2019年的平衡面板数据,采用多元回归分析,并结合门槛模型,探讨家族所有权涉入的不同阈值水平对企业国际化的影响。分析结果表明,家族所有权涉入与企业国际化之间存在非线性关系,企业规模、国资参股具有双重门槛效应,在这两种情境特征下家族所有权涉入对企业国际化会产生不同程度的影响。进一步分析结果表明,在2020-2022年的样本中,家族所有权涉入对企业国际化的积极影响有所减弱,这说明外部风险与极端环境会对家族企业的国际化策略具有明显影响。此外,不同经济区域的家族企业,其所有权涉入对国际化的影响表现出明显的异质性。研究结论为家族企业更好地面向国际化经营提供了新的理论支撑与实践启示。

审计意见质量与关键审计事项报告积极性

KAM作为审计报告新增要素,其报告内容与方式必须服从、服务于审计报告核心要素——审计意见的质量保证要求。选取2016年A+H股和2017—2021年沪深A股上市公司作为样本,研究审计意见质量保证要求对KAM报告的影响,发现审计意见质量低时,KAM披露的数量越多、篇幅越大、可读性越强、语调越消极,差异度越大,KAM报告积极性越高。事务所规模越大、客户风险越低,上述关系越显著。通过一系列稳健性检验,结论依然成立。进一步研究发现:审计意见质量对KAM报告积极性的影响,不仅有利于提高审计报告沟通价值,而且有利于降低被审计报表的财务重述,控制审计失败。研究结论对审计师有效编制、监管部门适当监管、投资者正确理解新审计报告,充分发挥其功能作用,具有重要的启示意义。

Effects of Social Capital,Top Executive Attributes and R&D on Firm Value in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

This study uses an unbalanced panel data analysis to examine the effects of social capital, top executive attributes and R ＆D on firm value in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Board from 2007 to 2011. There are several interesting findings. First, the gender （male） and academic degree of the chairperson in the SMEs have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Second, social capital （measured by politieal connections, managerial business association networks and technology association networks） and R＆D have a positive effect on SME firm value. Third, the effect of politieal connections on firm value for state-owned enterprises （SOEs） is stronger than for non-SOEs, while the effect of business and technology networks on firm value for non-SOEs is stronger than for SOEs. Our study has important policy implications for SMEs that want to compete successfully in China.

中小型会计师事务所审计质量优化策略研究

随着社会与经济的不断发展进步,我国越来越重视会计师事务所的审计质量。在新时代下,审计质量是会计师事务所生存和发展的基石。会计师事务所必须不断提升审计质量,才能更好地适应市场经济的发展。审计质量是衡量会计师事务所是否合格的重要指标,对于维护市场信任、保护投资者利益以及促进经济发展至关重要。然而,审计行业面临着诸多挑战,如审计复杂性的增加、监管压力的加大以及科技创新的快速发展。在这样的背景下,中小型会计师事务所需要不断探索和实践,以提升审计质量,确保其在竞争激烈的市场中保持竞争优势。本文首先阐述了提高中小型会计师事务所审计质量的意义,然后分析了当前中小型会计师事务所审计质量存在的问题,最后提出了提高审计质量的措施。

充换储一体化电站布局及电缆供电的路径优化

随着电动汽车在城市电力系统中的渗透率逐渐增加,系统对电动汽车的支撑能力需要进一步提升。结合城市配电系统配置新型集中性充换电设施是解决该问题的有效途径,合理有效的优化规划是一大难点。针对该问题,提出了一种综合电动汽车充换储一体化电站(charging-swapping-storage integrated station,CSSIS)定容布局以及电缆供电路径优化的综合规划模型。基于充、换电设施的功能特点分析,分别构建充电站、换电站和储能电站运行和定容模型,并以此为基础建立一体站综合运行和定容布局模型,同时结合电动汽车在规划区的概率分布特点,分析一体站的电动汽车负荷。计及不同类型的负荷对供电可靠性的要求以及电缆供电走廊的类型,提出了结合一体站布局的电缆供电路径优化方法。基于公司自由现金流理论分析,优化电动汽车充换储一体化电站定容布局配置规划的累计净现值,并对电缆供电路径及其配套电缆走廊进行优化,采用YALMIP/CPLEX优化工具箱对模型进行求解。以某地区作为规划区,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性,为电动汽车一体站及其配套的城市电缆配电系统的优化规划提供了新的思路和参考。

中小会计师事务所数字化转型现状及对策研究

注册会计师行业提出全面实现数字化转型的远景规划,中小会计师事务所数字化转型迫在眉睫。文章深入调研中小会计师事务所数字化转型现状、成效、面临的困境及改进方向,提出应加大政府机构和行业协会的支持力度,提升开发机构供应和服务能力,同时增加中小会计师事务所自身的投入并借鉴大型事务所的数字化转型成功经验,共同推动中小会计师事务所数字化转型。

中小微企业创新的测度与调查

中国企业创新创业调查(Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China,简称ESIEC)的主要目的之一,就是通过对中小微企业的调查填补中小企业创新数据缺失的空白。本文首先对创新测度和创新调查相关的理论和文献进行了梳理,其次对ESIEC的问卷设计进行了介绍,然后对ESIEC的企业创新数据的基本事实进行了分析,最后用CDM(Crepon,Duguet,and Mairessec)模型分析了中小微企业中研发、创新和生产率之间的关系。结果表明,在ESIEC的中小微企业中,研发、创新和生产率之间的关系与文献结论一致。相比中国现有的创新方面的微观数据,本文所依托的ESIEC具有以下四个方面的突出优势:①涵盖多维度的创新测度和较为全面的创新方面的信息,不仅有与国际通用创新调查数据相同的调查信息,还考虑了中国的经济特色,包含了一些与高质量发展相关的指标;②调查对象包含了小微企业;③调查对象不仅包含制造业,还包含多种服务业;④与国际上很多微观层面的创新调查采用线上或电话调查不同,ESIEC采用了由受过严格训练的访员面对面调查企业负责人或高管的方式。总之,ESIEC数据可以被很好地用来分析中国中小微企业的创新活动。初步分析结果表明,基于ESIEC的创新分析结果与文献一致:①企业规模对企业的研发投入决策起着至关重要的作用;②研发促进了产品创新和流程创新;③产品创新和流程创新都能促进劳动生产率。因此,ESIEC数据具有良好的可靠性,并且可以与欧盟创新调查(CIS)和美国的年度商业调查(ABS)进行可比性分析。