Non-Cooperative Differential Game Based Energy Consumption Control for Dynamic Demand Response in Smart Grid

In this paper, we conduct research on the dynamic demand response problem in smart grid to control the energy consumption. The objective of the energy consumption control is constructed based on differential game, as the dynamic of each users’ energy state in smart gird can be described based on a differential equation. Concept of electricity sharing is introduced to achieve load shift of main users from the high price hours to the low price hours. Nash equilibrium is given based on the Hamilton equation and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified based on the numerical simulation results.

Distributed demand side management via smart appliances contributing to frequency control

Nowadays renewable energy has become a trend for energy production but its variable nature has made balancing of demand and supply of the power grid difficult. Dynamic demand management using smart appliances is proposed to serve as a way that part of the regulation burden of balancing demand and supply is shifted to the demand side. However, if all appliances respond to the same frequency deviation, they may start to synchronize, causing large power overshoots and instability of the power grid. Therefore, the idea of implementing randomness into the frequency control of the appliances is proposed and this is what we call a stochastic approach. Simulators are built from scratch to model both scenarios. The effect of synchronization is analyzed and the parameters that can affect the synchronization are investigated. It has been found that the larger the contribution from the smart appliances to the power grid, the easier and faster the synchronization takes place. The stochastic approach solves the problem of synchronization and averages out the large power overshoot. However, the overall performance of stochastic operations is unacceptable due to the randomness in the operation though the mean and variance are as expected. More advanced feedback policies and schemes may be designed to achieve a better performance.

Optimal Demand-Side Management for Smart Micro Grid with Storage

In this paper, an autonomous and distributive demand-side management based on Bayesian game theory is developed and applied among users in a grid connected micro-grid with storage. To derive that strategy, an energy consumption of shiftable loads belonging to a given user is modelled as a noncooperative three-player game of incomplete information, in which each user plays against the storage unit and an opponent gathering all the other users in the micro-grid. Each player is assumed to be endowed with statistical information about its behavior and that of its opponents so that he can take actions maximizing his expected utility. Results of the proposed strategy evaluated by simulating, under MATLAB environment, a connected micro-grid with storage device evidence its efficacy when employed to manage the charging of electric vehicles.

A Model for Regional Energy Utilization by Offline Heat Transport System and Distributed Energy Systems—Case Study in a Smart Community, Japan

Under the Kyoto Protocol,Japanwas supposed to reduce six percent of the green house gas (GHG) emission in 2012. However, until the year 2010, the statistics suggested that the GHG emission increased 4.2%. What is more challenge is, afterFukushimacrisis, without the nuclear energy,Japanmay produce about 15 percent more GHG emissions than1990 inthis fiscal year. It still has to struggle to meet the target set by Kyoto Protocol. The demonstration area of “smart community” suggests Japanese exploration for new low carbon strategies. The study proposed a demand side response energy system, a dynamic tree-like hierarchical model for smart community. The model not only conveyed the concept of smart grid, but also built up a smart heat energy supply chain by offline heat transport system. Further, this model promoted a collaborative energy utilization mode between the industrial sector and the civil sector. In addition, the research chose the smart community inKitakyushuas case study and executed the model. The simulation and the analysis of the model not only evaluate the environmental effect of different technologies but also suggest that the smart community inJapanhas the potential but not easy to achieve the target, cut down 50% of the CO2 emission.

A Prepaid Smart Metering Scheme Based on WiMAX Prepaid Accounting Model

Prepaid energy meters have been widely adopted by utilities in different countries across the world as an innovative solution to the problem of affordability and consumption management. However, the present smart card based systems have some inherent problems like added cost, low availability and lack of security. In the future Smart Grid paradigm, use of smart meters can completely overhaul these prepaid systems by introducing centralized accounting, monitoring and credit-control functions using state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies like WiMAX. In this paper we pro-pose a prepaid smart metering scheme for Smart Grid application based on centralized authentication and charging using the WiMAX prepaid accounting model. We then discuss its specific application to Demand Response and Roam-ing of Electrical Vehicles.

Ten questions concerning integrating smart buildings into the smart grid

Recent advances in information and communications technology(ICT) have initiated development of a smart electrical grid and smart buildings. Buildings consume a large portion of the total electricity production worldwide, and to fully develop a smart grid they must be integrated with that grid. Buildings can now be"prosumers"on the grid(both producers and consumers), and the continued growth of distributed renewable energy generation is raising new challenges in terms of grid stability over various time scales. Buildings can contribute to grid stability by managing their overall electrical demand in response to current conditions. Facility managers must balance demand response requests by grid operators with energy needed to maintain smooth building operations.For example, maintaining thermal comfort within an occupied building requires energy and, thus an optimized solution balancing energy use with indoor environmental quality(adequate thermal comfort, lighting, etc.) is needed. Successful integration of buildings and their systems with the grid also requires interoperable data exchange. However, the adoption and integration of newer control and communication technologies into buildings can be problematic with older legacy HVAC and building control systems.Public policy and economic structures have not kept up with the technical developments that have given rise to the budding smart grid, and further developments are needed in both technical and non-technical areas.

The Practical Dilemma and Optimization Path of Smart Home-Based Care in Hengshui City, China

Smart home-based care for elderly is the product of the “Internet+” era, along with the information technology and the growing needs for a better elderly life. In order to understand the influencing factors of smart home care in Hengshui city, this paper selected 183 elderly people through a questionnaire survey. The conclusion of the study showed that education level, economic status, sleep quality and residence conditions are the influencing factors affecting the needs of smart home care of the elderly (p 0.05). Smart home care products for the elderly have a high willingness to use them, especially in terms of life care, medical services and emotional talk, but the compliance still needs to be improved. Development countermeasures suitable for Hengshui city can be put forward through the publicity of smart elderly care services, promoting the construction of demand-oriented big data, and promoting the participation of various forces.

Standardization of Smart Grid Customer Interfaces

One of the key concepts of a future "smart grid" is to combine modern communication technology with an improved electric grid to enable energy consumers to exchange information with energy suppliers in order to collaboratively manage electricity supply and demand.This information exchange can be used to reduce the stress on the grid during times of peak demand,enable the expanded use of intermittent renewable energy sources,improve resilience during weather related outages,and integrate customer-owned generation capabilities with grid supplied electricity.Standards are needed to define information exchange interfaces between energy service providers and their customers.This paper describes requirements for those interfaces and emerging standards in the United States that address these issues.

Some Hotspots Concerned with Smart Grid

The smart grid has been such a hot topic recently.In this paper the hot topics in this field,such as the definition and features of smart grid,key technical problems to be addressed such as new system components,new types of transducers and measurement technologies,advanced interfaces,event-driven fast-simulated decision-making and coordination,and adaptive control,etc.,and diff iculties are analyzed and discussed.

智慧图书馆背景下学习支持服务研究

文章通过梳理国内外高校图书馆学习支持服务现状,总结其服务特点,结合当今AI科技发展的新趋势,探讨智慧图书馆背景下的学习支持服务发展新模式。

Efficient Energy Performance within Smart Grid

The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. Energy/power plays a critical role for social, economic and industrial development. Because of industrial generalization, especially in agricultural and economical activities, the energy demand has increased rapidly in developed countries. Generation and usage of energy has direct impact on modern power grid. In this scenario energy management is a hard task because load is dynamic and we don’t have control over it. Renewable or undepleted energy resources have great applications and impact in current electric power system situation. For example it gives pollution free (green) energy which is environment and user friendly. It is cost effective;it uses natural resources for its generation and hence do not waste any coal, gas etc. There are many inducements to empower energy productivity. As current smart grid is complex and non linear in operation and design, it used an optimized method that provides maximum efficiency with minimum input. Our work depicts a case study of hybrid electric aircraft for achieving high performance.

Analysis and Research on Information Design of the Smart Community Pension Service

In the research on the smart community pension service,it is found that the problems encountered in the promotion of the smart pension can not be solved in the short term because of the lack of information and the acceptance of the intelligent products by the elderly. This paper puts forward the research ideas based on the cognitive characteristics and demand prediction of the specific population. Focusing on the research on the pension needs of people born in the 1960 s or 1970 s,it provides support for the solution of smart pension services in the peak period of aging population in the future.

Control of Indoor Swimming Pools with Potential for Demand Response

Buildings with indoor swimming pools are recognized as very high-energy consumers and present a great potential for electrical and thermal energy savings. A BEMS （building energy management system） could be conceived in order to optimize the building energy demand and with smart grid interaction. This paper presents the condition and potential contract-based demand side response in indoor swimming pools context. The BEMS designed by the authors implements control strategies for HVAC （heating, ventilation and air conditioning） and pumping system in order to reduce the electricity demand during peak hours or in response to an emergency signal from the system operator in critical times. The control strategies for HVAC was carried out by Building Thermal Simulation and the used of a theoretical formula for pumping system, strategies can carry out a significant reduction in power demand both in HVAC and pumping systems.

Towards Optimal Planning and Scheduling in Smart Homes

This research addresses the planning and scheduling problem in and among the smart homes in a community microgrid. We develop a bi-linear algorithm, named ECO-Trade to generate the near-optimal schedules of the households’ loads, storage and energy sources. The algorithm also facilitates Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading among the smart homes in a community microgrid. However, P2P trading potentially results in an unfair cost distribution among the participating households. To the best of our knowledge, the ECO-Trade algorithm is the first near-optimal cost optimization algorithm which considers the unfair cost distribution problem for a Demand Side Management (DSM) system coordinated with P2P energy trading. It also solves the time complexity problem of our previously proposed optimal model. Our results show that the solution time of the ECO-Trade algorithm is mostly less than a minute. It also shows that 97% of the solutions generated by the ECO-Trade algorithm are optimal solutions. Furthermore, we analyze the solutions and identify that the algorithm sometimes gets trapped at a local minimum because it alternately sets the microgrid price and quantity as constants. Finally, we describe the reasons of the cost increase by a local minimum and analyze its impact on cost optimization.

A Novel Model of Intelligent Electrical Load Management by Goal Programming for Smart Houses, Respecting Consumer Preferences

Energy management is being highly regarded throughout the world. High-energy consumption in residential buildings is one of the dominant reasons of excessive energy consumption. There are many recent works on the demand-side management (DSM) and smart homes to keep control on electricity consumption. The paper is an intelligence to modify patterns, by proposing a time scheduling consumers, such that they can maintain their welfare while saving benefits from time varying tariffs;a model of household loads is proposed;constraints, including daily energy requirements and consumer preferences are considered in the framework, and the model is solved using mixed integer linear programming. The model is developed for three scenarios, and the results are compared: the 1st scenario aims Peak Shaving;the 2nd minimizes Electricity Cost, and the 3rd one, which distinguishes this study from the other related works, is a combination of the 1st and 2nd Scenarios. Goal programming is applied to solve the 3rd scenario. Finally, the best schedules for household loads are presented by analyzing power distribution curves and comparing results obtained by these scenarios. It is shown that for the case study of this paper with the implementation of 3rd scenario, it is possible to gain 7% saving in the electricity cost without any increasing in the lowest peak power consumption.

智慧健康养老产业的现实需求与发展进路

智慧健康养老产业高质量发展是深入实施健康中国战略和积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的重要内容。基于智慧健康养老产业的供需分析框架,分析智慧健康养老产业的现实需求、供给现状,发现智慧健康养老产业供给不平衡、不充分,产业链环节衔接不当,智慧健康养老产品的数字鸿沟难以跨越,智慧健康养老服务的专业人才匮乏,政府和市场的协同合作机制不健全等。据此提出以需定供,提升产业供给质量;整合优势,构建稳定高效产业链;智享养老,推进数字无障碍建设;人才为本,夯实高素质专业队伍;协同发力,推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合等。

面向物流需求场景的智慧公路功能设计

推动智慧公路建设是提升交通安全与服务水平、提高通行效率的重要手段之一。本文梳理了中国智慧公路功能设计方面的研究现状,分类汇总了中国智慧公路现有功能及相关应用案例。同时,基于高速公路和城市道路的行车、停车场景以及政府行业监管需求,总结了中国公路物流行业运营痛点和需求场景,提出了面向物流场景需求的智慧公路功能设计思路,为中国智慧公路建设提供了新的理论参考和设计思路。

计及需求响应动态特性的分布式智能电网运行优化方法研究

提出计及需求响应动态特性的分布式智能电网运行优化方法。引入Transformer构建需求响应动态特征方程;刻画了包含分布式能源、微电网、可调节负荷、独立储能以及分布式智能电网调度中心的分布式智能电网系统;设计以弃风弃光成本与运行成本最小为优化目标建立分布式智能电网运行优化模型;运用金豺优化算法(GJO)对模型进行求解。算例结果表明,分布式智能电网运行优化方法能够在保证供电可靠前提下以较低的成本实现风光的高消纳,验证了分布式智能电网的可行性。

Intelligent Agent-Based Architecture for Demand Side Management Considering Space Heating and Electric Vehicle Load

Contraction of resilience on generation side due to the introduction of inflexible renewable energy sources is demanding more elasticity on consumption side. It requires more intelligent systems to be implemented to maintain power balance in the grid and to fulfill the consumer needs. This paper is concerned about the energy balance management of the system using intelligent agent-based architecture. The idea is to limit the peak power of each individual household for different defined time regions of the day according to power production during those time regions. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) has been employed to study the behavior of a particular number of households for maintaining the power balance based on proposed technique to limit the peak power for each household and even individual load level. Flexibility of two major loads i.e. heating load (heat storage tank) and electric vehicle load (battery) allows us to shift the peaks on demand side proportionally with the generation in real time. Different parameters related to heating and Electric Vehicle (EV) load e.g. State of Charge (SOC), storage capacities, charging power, daily usage, peak demand hours have been studied and a technique is proposed to mitigate the imbalance of power intelligently.

A Study on Water Demand Load Estimation by Using Unit of Living Water - Focused on Micro Water Supply Area in Daegu City

Water supply capability has been significantly reduced as water demand has been increased due to changes of the world's weather, causing the increase of drought frequency, and urbanization. In terms of water production, water can be secured by construction a dam or procuring substitute water. However, the study approaches in terms of management of water supply area to control the existing water efficiently. Therefore, water demand was estimated by buildings, by which water load of micro water supply area was calculated. As a result, the deviation of water demand for 1,357 micro water supply areas could be calculated while the alternatives to dissolve the spatial demand unbalance were suggested by two types. From the study, firstly, we could anticipate the total water supply demand from the total sum by filtration plants but it was not possible to anticipate the characteristics of distribution within urban areas. For this, the study attempted to anticipate the demand of each 250 thousands of buildings, comprehending the demand of micro areas. Secondly, based on the built results, we suggest the directions to dissolve the water demand unbalance between and among regions, which could be the foundation to suggest the concrete methodology in the future.