Visualization of real-time displacement time history superimposed with dynamic experiments using wireless smart sensors and augmented reality

Wireless smart sensors(WSS)process field data and inform inspectors about the infrastructure health and safety.In bridge engineering,inspectors need reliable data about changes in displacements under loads to make correct decisions about repairs and replacements.Access to displacement information in the field and in real-time remains a challenge as inspectors do not see the data in real time.Displacement data from WSS in the field undergoes additional processing and is seen at a different location.If inspectors were able to see structural displacements in real-time at the locations of interest,they could conduct additional observations,creating a new,information-based,decision-making reality in the field.This paper develops a new,human-centered interface that provides inspectors with real-time access to actionable structural data during inspection and monitoring enhanced by augmented reality(AR).It summarizes and evaluates the development and validation of the new human-infrastructure interface in laboratory experiments.The experiments demonstrate that the interface that processes all calculations in the AR device accurately estimates dynamic displacements in comparison with the laser.Using this new AR interface tool,inspectors can observe and compare displacement data,share it across space and time,visualize displacements in time history,and understand structural deflection more accurately through a displacement time history visualization.

Distributed Information Flow Verification for Secure Service Composition in Smart Sensor Network

Accelerate processor, efficient software and pervasive connections provide sensor nodes with more powerful computation and storage ability, which can offer various services to user. Based on these atomic services, different sensor nodes can cooperate and compose with each other to complete more complicated tasks for user. However, because of the regional characteristic of sensor nodes, merging data with different sensitivities become a primary requirement to the composite services, and information flow security should be intensively considered during service composition. In order to mitigate the great cost caused by the complexity of modeling and the heavy load of single-node verification to the energy-limited sensor node, in this paper, we propose a new distributed verification framework to enforce information flow security on composite services of smart sensor network. We analyze the information flows in composite services and specify security constraints for each service participant. Then we propose an algorithm over the distributed verification framework involving each sensor node to participate in the composite service verification based on the security constraints. The experimental results indicate that our approach can reduce the cost of verification and provide a better load balance.

Smart Sensor与MEMS

讨论了SmartSensor与MEMS的全新概念。结合微机械加工技术的发展，概述了现代传感器技术智能化、功能集成化的新趋势，及其对现代微电子、微型电子机械乃至整个信息技术领域的深远影响。

Blending Sensor Scheduling Strategy with Particle Filter to Track a Smart Target

We discuss blending sensor scheduling strategies with particle filtering (PF) methods to deal with the prob-lem of tracking a ‘smart’ target, that is, a target being able to be aware it is being tracked and act in a manner that makes the future track more difficult. We concern here how to accurately track the target with a care on concealing the observer to a possible extent. We propose a PF method, which is tailored to mix a sensor scheduling technique, called covariance control, within its framework. A Rao-blackwellised unscented Kal-man filter (UKF) is used to produce proposal distributions for the PF method, making it more robust and computationally efficient. We show that the proposed method can balance the tracking filter performance with the observer’s concealment.

TelG Mote: A Green Wireless Sensor Node Platform for Smart Home and Ambient Assisted Living

The wireless sensor network （WSN） consists of sensor nodes that interact with each other to collectively monitor environmental or physical conditions at different locations for the intended users. One of its potential deployments is in the form of smart home and ambient assisted living （SHAAL）to measure patients or elderly physiological signals, control home appliances, and monitor home. This paper focuses on the development of a wireless sensor node platform for SHAAL application over WSN which complies with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and operates in 2.4 GHz ISM （industrial, scientific, and medical） band. The initial stage of SHAAL application development is the design of the wireless sensor node named TelG mote. The main features of TelG mote contributing to the green communications include low power consumption, wearable, flexible, user-friendly, and small sizes. It is then embedded with a self-built operating system named WiseOS to support customized operation. The node can achieve a packet reception rate （PRR） above 80% for a distance of up to 8 m. The designed TelG mote is also comparable with the existing wireless sensor nodes available in the market.

Characteristics of Smart Concrete with Fiber Optical Bragg Grating Sensor

Based on the advantages of the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology,this paper presents a principle of a novel smart concrete with fiber optical Bragg grating sensor,analyses the theory and characteristics,illustrates the key technology and method to make the fiber Bragg grating sensor for the smart concrete,and proves the feasibility with experiments.The results indicate that the smart concrete with fiber Bragg grating sensors is feasible in the structure monitoring and damage diagnosing in the long run.

A Smart Home Energy Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things and Inter Planetary File System for Secure Data Sharing

Energy demand will continue to rise as a result of predicted population growth. In this work, a user-friendly home energy monitoring system based on IoT is described, which is capable of collecting, analyzing, and displaying data. Users register their sensors and devices on the monitoring platform. PostgreSQL and Elasticsearch databases are used to store the resulting measurements. In a smart home, the wireless sensor ACS712 was used to monitor the flow of electricity (current and voltage) for a household device. The user can share data about electricity consumption and costs with a third party via the private IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) network. A third party can download all the energy consumption data for a device or many devices from the platform for 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The studies on the development of energy-efficient technology for home devices benefit greatly from the gathered data. For security in the system, it is preferred to run Keyrock Idm, Wilma Pep Proxy, and Orion Context Broker in HTTPS mode, and MQTTS is used to retrieve sensor data. The experimental results showed that the energy monitoring system accurately records voltage, current, active power, and the total amount of power used and offers low-cost solutions to the users using household devices in a day.

面向未来的中国智慧林业:观测仪器体系的演进与发展趋势

森林观测信息的生产是支持智慧林业工作开展的基础和先导。本文以森林观测仪器技术体系的构建历史、现状和未来为切入点,以基础性公共技术的发展脉络为支撑,深入分析森林观测仪器与森林观测需求的耦合程度。传统森林观测仪器体系在时效性和准确性上已经无法满足日益发展的林业调查的需要,观测仪器存在孤立性高、难以集成、操作繁琐、效率低等问题。这主要是由于当前针对森林观测研究偏重对成熟仪器使用和数据分析,观测仪器的研发偏重算法补偿和集成第三方元件,轻物理结构设计等因素造成。面对基本测量原理鲜有更新、森林观测标准制定滞后于新型技术发展等问题,本文从对观测仪器现在和未来的联合模式进行阐述,从逻辑架构到物理技术层面上分析森林观测仪器联合模式可能在未来出现的发展状况与应用前景。最后,基于当前基础性技术发展的趋势,对可能出现的几种新形态的森林观测仪器进行推测,并以此展望在近未来可能在中国实现的一种智能森林观测体系的雏形。

智能传感器在农业机械电气控制领域的应用与发展

智慧农业、智能农机已成为我国现阶段农业发展的主流趋势,农业智能传感监测技术是实现这一目标的核心技术。传感器作为一种监测感知特定物体状态信息的设备,其主要工作原理是将监测到的物理信息转换成为更易读取的数字信号或其他种类的电子信号,因其具有较高的反应速度、测量精度等特点,传感器已被广泛应用到众多领域。农业机械对于传感器技术的相关应用主要包括农用姿态监测传感器、视觉识别传感器和物料感知传感器等。该文通过分析研究智能传感器在农业机械电气控制的主要应用现状,阐述了国内外关于利用传感器技术进行农机作业状态监测、作物生长信息采集以及农机自动控制等研究的丰富成果,分析了智能传感器在农业机械应用过程中仍存在的部分问题,最后对智能传感器在农业机械电气控制领域的未来发展进行了详细的展望。

农业传感器:研究进展、挑战与展望

[目的/意义]农业传感器是数字农业、信息农业、智慧农业等现代农业发展模式的源头技术,也是推动农业科技迭代升级和农业生产方式变革的重要驱动力。农业传感器应用环境(水、气及土壤)和监测对象(动植物)多样复杂、规模大,因此,高环境适应性、高可靠性和低成本的农业传感器是实现智慧农业的基础与核心。[进展]本文对农业传感器进行分类,并对农业传感器前沿研究趋势进行分析,综述农业传感器在不同应用场景下的研究现状,从农业环境传感器(水、大气和土壤等)、动植物生命信息传感器、农产品质量安全传感器和农机传感器四大类进行深入分析,总结现有农业传感器在研发和使用过程中的通用性和局限性。[结论/展望]在农业传感器面临的挑战与展望中,具体分析了现阶段农业传感器大规模应用严重不足的核心瓶颈,包括低成本化、专用化、高稳定性及自适应,归纳出“农业泛在感知”的概念,为农业传感器技术研发提供思路和参考。

基于智能柔性织物传感器的漏尿频次监测系统研究

为诊断每位尿失禁患者的漏尿频次,治疗尿失禁问题,在尿片中嵌入织物功能电极,连接到自制的可穿戴式尿失禁患者漏尿频次监测系统,制备出智能尿片,根据功能电极电阻值的变化监测漏尿的频次。结果表明:每个功能电极连续监测次数可达15次以上,平均准确率达86.2%,灵敏度达73.5 kΩ/(0.1 mL)。该系统提出了一种尿失禁患者监测漏尿频次的简便方法,也可用于患者评估基本健康状况;同时也提供了一种智能柔性织物传感器的应用思路。

基于无线传感器网络节点的老人智慧鞋履设计

当前老人智慧鞋履的提醒程序多设定为单次结构,整体的提醒效率较低,为此提出基于无线传感器网络节点的老人智慧鞋履的设计与实践应用。根据当前测定,先进行传感器及无线传感网络节点接入多目标健康提醒程序的设计,进行实时数据采集与定点传输,设计多目标健康提醒程序,构建无线传感器网络节点老人鞋履总控系统,最终采用智能报警的方式完成智慧鞋履的设计。测试结果表明:针对选定的6名测试人员,结合制定的3个测试指令组,最终得出的智慧鞋履的响应时延均被较好地控制在0.3 s以下,说明此次在无线传感器网络节点原理的辅助下,所设计的老人智慧鞋履更加灵活、高效,应用效果更佳。

面向智能电网广域通信的可靠路由算法研究

无线传感器网络是智能电网广域通信中的基础组成单元,传统的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议虽能在一定程度上简化网络拓扑,但仍存在簇首选择不合理且系统能耗较高的问题。针对此,文中基于粒子群优化算法提出了一种改进的分簇路由协议。该协议利用粒子群算法的参数寻优特性对簇首搜寻方案加以改进,使得新方案考虑了距离、剩余能量、数据传输精度等多种因素。同时还使用粒子群自适应函数对该方案进行优化,从而提高了原算法的可靠性。在能耗实验测试中,所提算法迭代1 300次后的剩余能耗为31.2 J,在对比算法中为最优。而对路由路径的测试中,改进算法的平均运行时延为1.79 ms,平均误码率为0.212 5,在所有算法中均为最低,证明了该算法具有良好的实时性和可靠性。

Smart结构及其应用

本文介绍了Ｓｍａｒｔ结构的概念，对国外有关此领域的研究及应用作了简要评述。

柔性汗液传感器的研究及其应用进展

可穿戴传感器以独特的监测模式(实时、连续、非侵入性)在医疗、体育、健康监测等领域得到了迅速发展。汗液中含有多种生物标记物,如代谢物、电解质和各种激素等。汗液可以反映人体的劳累程度、疾病、压力水平、运动情况等,与可穿戴技术相结合,汗液传感器有望实现低成本、实时、原位的汗液监测。本文从柔性汗液传感器的基底材料种类入手,介绍了近年来汗液传感器常用的基底材料,并概述了柔性汗液传感器在监测方面的应用。最后,总结了目前存在的局限性及对未来发展的展望。

Laser-Induced Graphene:En Route to Smart Sensing

The discovery of laser-induced graphene(LIG) from polymers in 2014 has aroused much attention in recent years.A broad range of applications,including batteries,catalysis,sterilization,and separation,have been explored.The advantages of LIG technology over conventional graphene synthesis methods are conspicuous,which include designable patterning,environmental friendliness,tunable compositions,and controllable morphologies.In addition,LIG possesses high porosity,great flexibility,and mechanical robustness,and excellent electric and thermal conductivity.The patternable and printable manufacturing process and the advantageous properties of LIG illuminate a new pathway for developing miniaturized graphene devices.Its use in sensing applications has grown swiftly from a single detection component to an integrated smart detection system.In this minireview,we start with the introduction of synthetic efforts related to the fabrication of LIG sensors.Then,we highlight the achievement of LIG sensors for the detection of a diversity of stimuli with a focus on the design principle and working mechanism.Future development of the techniques toward in situ and smart detection of multiple stimuli in widespread applications will be discussed.

智能传感器在农业机械电气控制中的应用与发展

该文基于智能传感器概念及应用原理,系统论述了智能传感器在农业机械电气控制系统中的应用现状,分析了限制农业机械电气系统智能化提升的条件,并展望智能传感器未来发展趋势与研究重点。研究结果旨在为农业机械的智能化升级提供理论和实践指导。

埋入式光纤传感原理及实验研究——航天Smart结构

对Ｓｍａｒｔ材料／结构中的光纤传感原理进行了探讨，并进行了实验研究。首先介绍了Ｓｍａｒｔ结构中常见的埋入式光纤传感器的特点及其工作原理，然后提出了应用多模光纤在编织复合材料Ｓｍａｒｔ结构中进行应变场测量的方案，建立了实验装置，给出了实验结果并进行了讨论。

足底压力监测智能鞋垫的研究与应用现状

足底压力监测智能鞋垫融合了电子技术和材料科学,通过先进的传感系统感知脚底压力的微小变化,从而实时监测用户的步态和足底压力分布。详细介绍了智能鞋垫的模块化设计,包括柔性压力传感器、无线通信技术和物联网的综合应用。分析了智能鞋垫材料的选择以及鞋垫与电子元件结合的方式,详细阐述了足底压力监测智能鞋垫在运动检测与分析、健康管理与预警以及生物识别等多个领域的研究进展。总结和评估了其在日常生活中使用的潜力和优势。最后,足底压力监测智能鞋垫的未来发展方向将集中在提高数据安全性和隐私保护、优化传感器性能、探索更先进的能源解决方案等方面。