Considering the problem of traditional cervical cancer detection method that brings high false negative rate （FNR） and high false positive rate （FPR）, a new abnormal cervical cells detection method of multi-spectr...Considering the problem of traditional cervical cancer detection method that brings high false negative rate （FNR） and high false positive rate （FPR）, a new abnormal cervical cells detection method of multi-spectral Pap smear is proposed in this thesis, on the basis of multi-spectral microscopic imaging technology and computer automotive recognition technology. At first, image in a specific wave band is segmented according to the relationship between intensity and spectrum of each pixel. Then, multi-spectral features of each pixel are extracted making use of improved cosine correlation analysis （CCA） algorithm. Combined with the characteristic of each cell＇s area, final definition is made. Experiments have proved the new approach could identify abnormal cells efficiently as well as lower FNR and FPR.展开更多
Objective:To facilitate the recognition of intracellular yeasts of Histoplasma capsulation and differentiate it from Leishmania amastigotes and other parasites,using the combination of Giemsa and a rapid modification ...Objective:To facilitate the recognition of intracellular yeasts of Histoplasma capsulation and differentiate it from Leishmania amastigotes and other parasites,using the combination of Giemsa and a rapid modification of Grocott stains to peripheral blood smears in a hematological study.Methods:The combination of both stains was applied consecutively(first Grocott and then Giemsa)to previously fixed peripheral blood smears.Microscopy was performed with 400x and 1000x,the latter using immersion oil.Results:The yeasts of Histoplasma capsulatum were observed into the cytoplasm of leukocytes as brownish oval elements,with 3-4μm in diameter.Conclusions:The combination of both techniques is a simple and fast method to facilitate recognition of intracellular yeasts and it is different from intracellular parasitic elements.Moreover,it allows distinguishing the cell elements that are in the microscopic preparations.It may be very helpful in those cases in which the presumptive diagnosis of histoplasmosis has not been established yet and where other more sophisticated methods are not available.展开更多
Objective:Simple tests like direct smear of the acid fast bacilli(AFB) and Mycobacterium culture could assist the diagnosis of tuberculosis.This study is aimed at reviewing the outcome of smears,culture results and co...Objective:Simple tests like direct smear of the acid fast bacilli(AFB) and Mycobacterium culture could assist the diagnosis of tuberculosis.This study is aimed at reviewing the outcome of smears,culture results and contamination rate among specimens requested for AFB smear and Mycobacterium culture.Methods:Retrospective laboratory data analysis requesting for Mycobacterium culture from January 2005 till December 2006 was done in a tertiary teaching hospital of Universiti Sains Malaysia,Kubang Kerian,Kelantan,Malaysia.Results: Four hundred and sixty seven(36.6%) isolates grew from 1 277 specimens.Of these isolates,314 (67.2%) grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis,23(4.9%) grew Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis and 38 (8.1%) grew contaminants.Among the M.tuberculosis cultures,165(52.5%) had growth of more than 100 confluent colonies,whereas 39 cultures(12.4%) had growth of less than 19 colonies.Direct smear for AFB among smear positive cases showed presence of more than 50 bacilli/line in 231(49.5%) cases and smear negative cases accounted for 63(13.5%).Among smear positive cases,291(94.5%) cultures grew Mycobacterium species and another 17(5.5%) cultures grew contaminants.In smear negative cases,32(62.7%) cultures grew Mycobacterium species and 19(37.3%) cultures grew contaminants.Conclusion:The results from data analysis of the Mycobacterium cultures should be critically utilized in order to review the laboratory performance and to improve its services in the future.Some of the data is also useful to the administrators of the hospital in terms of estimating the risk of occupational hazard faced by the health care workers.展开更多
Background and objectives: With 2.2 million new cases every year, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an epidemic of large proportions in India. Conventional direct sputum smear microscopy, though limited in its sensiti...Background and objectives: With 2.2 million new cases every year, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an epidemic of large proportions in India. Conventional direct sputum smear microscopy, though limited in its sensitivity, is still the most common method of testing for TB. Newer techniques such as concentrated sputum microscopy, have shown some promise in improving this limited sensitivity. We have compared the efficacy of concentrated sputum versus the direct smear technique in 1000 sputum samples of patients suspected to be suffering from TB. Methods: A total of 1000 sputum specimens were collected for direct acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, concentrated AFB smear and culture from St. John’s Medical College and Hospital. 39 contaminated samples were (3.9%) omitted during the final analysis. Mycobacterial culture was used as the reference standard method for the detection of TB. Results: 184 and 198 of the 961 samples were found to AFB positive by direct smear microscopy and concentrated smear technique respectively. The measured sensitivity and specificity of direct smear microscopy were 69.86% and 95.82%, while that of concentrated smear microscopy was 76.71% and 95.96 % respectively. 33 samples found to be negative by the direct smear method turned out to be positive by the concentrated smear technique. Conclusions: Though our study suggests no significant statistical difference between the two techniques of detecting pulmonary tuberculosis, we recommend the use of the concentrated technique in centres such as ours, where facilities are already in place. In this way, the number of cases of TB that remain untreated may significantly come down.展开更多
In spite of preventive measures such as Papanicolaou cervical cytological analysis and, more recently, vaccination against HPV infection, cancer of the uterine cervix continues to be one of the most frequent causes of...In spite of preventive measures such as Papanicolaou cervical cytological analysis and, more recently, vaccination against HPV infection, cancer of the uterine cervix continues to be one of the most frequent causes of mortality among women worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In this prospective study, sixty patients with inflammatory Pap smears had a colposcopy with directed biopsies. The average age of our patients was 42 years. Results showed that colposcopy is normal in 10% of women. It showed normal transformations, ectropion, a colpotis and polyp at 8.33%, 21.66%, 13.33% and 5% respectively. It was able to detect changes with Grade I atypical transformations (28.33%), and Grade II atypical transformations in 13.33% of cases. The biopsies were objectified dysplasia and carcinoma in 24.13% of cases with carcinoma in situ, micro invasive squamous cell carcinoma and invasive carcinoma glandular. Moreover, we detected HPV-specific antibodies in sera of these patients. Results showed that six patients (10%) showed a positive reactivity to at least one of the HPV-16 or HPV-18 antigens and sera showed different reactivity to the different antigens with the following percentages: 5%, 3%, 2%, 3% and 3% for L1 HPV-16, E6 HPV-16, E7 HPV-16, E6 HPV-18 and E7 HPV-18 respectively. Among patients having positive antibody response, 83.33% were cases of dysplasia and carcinoma. We concluded that the Pap smear, examination of key screening for cervical cancer, is a screening test without diagnostic value and more specifically any inflammatory Pap smear should be considered a positive test and led to further investigations. Moreover, colposcopy is an exam that is performed on an outpatient basis;it allows a detailed study of the cervix and reduces the negative rate of cytology. In addition, early detection of HPV antibodies could help the follow-up of patients.展开更多
Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation proce...Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation process.Hansbo solution is widely used in practice to consider the effects of drain discharge capacity and smear on the consolidation process.In this study,a computationally efficient diameter reduction method(DRM)obtained from the Hansbo solution is proposed to consider the smear effect without the need to model the smear zone physically.Validated by analytical and numerical results,a diameter reduction factor is analytically derived to reduce the diameter of the drain,while achieving similar solutions of pore pressure dissipation profile as the classical full model of the smear zone and drain.With the DRM,the excess pore pressure u obtained from the reduced drain in the original un-disturbed soil zone is accurate enough for practical applications in numerical models.Such performance of DRM is independent of soil material property.Results also show equally accurate performance of DRM under conditions of multi-layered soils and coupled radial-vertical groundwater flow.展开更多
Malaria is a severe epidemic disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum.The parasite causes critical illness if persisted for longer durations and delay in precise treatment can lead to further complications.The automati...Malaria is a severe epidemic disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum.The parasite causes critical illness if persisted for longer durations and delay in precise treatment can lead to further complications.The automatic diagnostic model provides aid for medical practitioners to avail a fast and efficient diagnosis.Most of the existing work either utilizes a fully connected convolution neural network with successive pooling layers which causes loss of information in pixels.Further,convolutions can capture spatial invariances but,cannot capture rotational invariances.Hence to overcome these limitations,this research,develops an Imperative Dynamic routing mechanism with fully trained capsule networks for malaria classification.This model identifies the presence of malaria parasites by classifying thin blood smears containing samples of parasitized and healthy erythrocytes.The proposed model is compared and evaluated with novel machine vision models evolved over a decade such as VGG,ResNet,DenseNet,MobileNet.The problems in previous research are cautiously addressed and overhauled using the proposed capsule network by attaining the highest Area under the curve(AUC)and Specificity of 99.03%and 99.43%respectively for 20%test samples.To understand the underlying behavior of the proposed network various tests are conducted for variant shuffle patterns.The model is analyzed and assessed in distinct environments to depict its resilience and versatility.To provide greater generalization,the proposed network has been tested on thick blood smear images which surpassed with greater performance.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2001BA210A02)
文摘Considering the problem of traditional cervical cancer detection method that brings high false negative rate （FNR） and high false positive rate （FPR）, a new abnormal cervical cells detection method of multi-spectral Pap smear is proposed in this thesis, on the basis of multi-spectral microscopic imaging technology and computer automotive recognition technology. At first, image in a specific wave band is segmented according to the relationship between intensity and spectrum of each pixel. Then, multi-spectral features of each pixel are extracted making use of improved cosine correlation analysis （CCA） algorithm. Combined with the characteristic of each cell＇s area, final definition is made. Experiments have proved the new approach could identify abnormal cells efficiently as well as lower FNR and FPR.
基金Supported by grant from the Louis Albert Foundation,Tolosa,Argentina(Grant No.165381)
文摘Objective:To facilitate the recognition of intracellular yeasts of Histoplasma capsulation and differentiate it from Leishmania amastigotes and other parasites,using the combination of Giemsa and a rapid modification of Grocott stains to peripheral blood smears in a hematological study.Methods:The combination of both stains was applied consecutively(first Grocott and then Giemsa)to previously fixed peripheral blood smears.Microscopy was performed with 400x and 1000x,the latter using immersion oil.Results:The yeasts of Histoplasma capsulatum were observed into the cytoplasm of leukocytes as brownish oval elements,with 3-4μm in diameter.Conclusions:The combination of both techniques is a simple and fast method to facilitate recognition of intracellular yeasts and it is different from intracellular parasitic elements.Moreover,it allows distinguishing the cell elements that are in the microscopic preparations.It may be very helpful in those cases in which the presumptive diagnosis of histoplasmosis has not been established yet and where other more sophisticated methods are not available.
文摘Objective:Simple tests like direct smear of the acid fast bacilli(AFB) and Mycobacterium culture could assist the diagnosis of tuberculosis.This study is aimed at reviewing the outcome of smears,culture results and contamination rate among specimens requested for AFB smear and Mycobacterium culture.Methods:Retrospective laboratory data analysis requesting for Mycobacterium culture from January 2005 till December 2006 was done in a tertiary teaching hospital of Universiti Sains Malaysia,Kubang Kerian,Kelantan,Malaysia.Results: Four hundred and sixty seven(36.6%) isolates grew from 1 277 specimens.Of these isolates,314 (67.2%) grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis,23(4.9%) grew Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis and 38 (8.1%) grew contaminants.Among the M.tuberculosis cultures,165(52.5%) had growth of more than 100 confluent colonies,whereas 39 cultures(12.4%) had growth of less than 19 colonies.Direct smear for AFB among smear positive cases showed presence of more than 50 bacilli/line in 231(49.5%) cases and smear negative cases accounted for 63(13.5%).Among smear positive cases,291(94.5%) cultures grew Mycobacterium species and another 17(5.5%) cultures grew contaminants.In smear negative cases,32(62.7%) cultures grew Mycobacterium species and 19(37.3%) cultures grew contaminants.Conclusion:The results from data analysis of the Mycobacterium cultures should be critically utilized in order to review the laboratory performance and to improve its services in the future.Some of the data is also useful to the administrators of the hospital in terms of estimating the risk of occupational hazard faced by the health care workers.
文摘Background and objectives: With 2.2 million new cases every year, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an epidemic of large proportions in India. Conventional direct sputum smear microscopy, though limited in its sensitivity, is still the most common method of testing for TB. Newer techniques such as concentrated sputum microscopy, have shown some promise in improving this limited sensitivity. We have compared the efficacy of concentrated sputum versus the direct smear technique in 1000 sputum samples of patients suspected to be suffering from TB. Methods: A total of 1000 sputum specimens were collected for direct acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, concentrated AFB smear and culture from St. John’s Medical College and Hospital. 39 contaminated samples were (3.9%) omitted during the final analysis. Mycobacterial culture was used as the reference standard method for the detection of TB. Results: 184 and 198 of the 961 samples were found to AFB positive by direct smear microscopy and concentrated smear technique respectively. The measured sensitivity and specificity of direct smear microscopy were 69.86% and 95.82%, while that of concentrated smear microscopy was 76.71% and 95.96 % respectively. 33 samples found to be negative by the direct smear method turned out to be positive by the concentrated smear technique. Conclusions: Though our study suggests no significant statistical difference between the two techniques of detecting pulmonary tuberculosis, we recommend the use of the concentrated technique in centres such as ours, where facilities are already in place. In this way, the number of cases of TB that remain untreated may significantly come down.
文摘In spite of preventive measures such as Papanicolaou cervical cytological analysis and, more recently, vaccination against HPV infection, cancer of the uterine cervix continues to be one of the most frequent causes of mortality among women worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In this prospective study, sixty patients with inflammatory Pap smears had a colposcopy with directed biopsies. The average age of our patients was 42 years. Results showed that colposcopy is normal in 10% of women. It showed normal transformations, ectropion, a colpotis and polyp at 8.33%, 21.66%, 13.33% and 5% respectively. It was able to detect changes with Grade I atypical transformations (28.33%), and Grade II atypical transformations in 13.33% of cases. The biopsies were objectified dysplasia and carcinoma in 24.13% of cases with carcinoma in situ, micro invasive squamous cell carcinoma and invasive carcinoma glandular. Moreover, we detected HPV-specific antibodies in sera of these patients. Results showed that six patients (10%) showed a positive reactivity to at least one of the HPV-16 or HPV-18 antigens and sera showed different reactivity to the different antigens with the following percentages: 5%, 3%, 2%, 3% and 3% for L1 HPV-16, E6 HPV-16, E7 HPV-16, E6 HPV-18 and E7 HPV-18 respectively. Among patients having positive antibody response, 83.33% were cases of dysplasia and carcinoma. We concluded that the Pap smear, examination of key screening for cervical cancer, is a screening test without diagnostic value and more specifically any inflammatory Pap smear should be considered a positive test and led to further investigations. Moreover, colposcopy is an exam that is performed on an outpatient basis;it allows a detailed study of the cervix and reduces the negative rate of cytology. In addition, early detection of HPV antibodies could help the follow-up of patients.
基金The authors wish to acknowledge the generous financial sup-port from the Singapore Maritime Institute(SMI)for this research within the project‘Evaluation of In-situ Consolidation of Dredged and Excavated Materials at Reclaimed Next Generation Tuas Port’(Project ID:SMI-2018-MA-01).
文摘Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation process.Hansbo solution is widely used in practice to consider the effects of drain discharge capacity and smear on the consolidation process.In this study,a computationally efficient diameter reduction method(DRM)obtained from the Hansbo solution is proposed to consider the smear effect without the need to model the smear zone physically.Validated by analytical and numerical results,a diameter reduction factor is analytically derived to reduce the diameter of the drain,while achieving similar solutions of pore pressure dissipation profile as the classical full model of the smear zone and drain.With the DRM,the excess pore pressure u obtained from the reduced drain in the original un-disturbed soil zone is accurate enough for practical applications in numerical models.Such performance of DRM is independent of soil material property.Results also show equally accurate performance of DRM under conditions of multi-layered soils and coupled radial-vertical groundwater flow.
基金supported by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad,India under Grant Procs No.JNTUH/TEQIP-III/CRS/2019/CSE/13.the financial support provided by the J.N.T.University Hyderabad,India.
文摘Malaria is a severe epidemic disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum.The parasite causes critical illness if persisted for longer durations and delay in precise treatment can lead to further complications.The automatic diagnostic model provides aid for medical practitioners to avail a fast and efficient diagnosis.Most of the existing work either utilizes a fully connected convolution neural network with successive pooling layers which causes loss of information in pixels.Further,convolutions can capture spatial invariances but,cannot capture rotational invariances.Hence to overcome these limitations,this research,develops an Imperative Dynamic routing mechanism with fully trained capsule networks for malaria classification.This model identifies the presence of malaria parasites by classifying thin blood smears containing samples of parasitized and healthy erythrocytes.The proposed model is compared and evaluated with novel machine vision models evolved over a decade such as VGG,ResNet,DenseNet,MobileNet.The problems in previous research are cautiously addressed and overhauled using the proposed capsule network by attaining the highest Area under the curve(AUC)and Specificity of 99.03%and 99.43%respectively for 20%test samples.To understand the underlying behavior of the proposed network various tests are conducted for variant shuffle patterns.The model is analyzed and assessed in distinct environments to depict its resilience and versatility.To provide greater generalization,the proposed network has been tested on thick blood smear images which surpassed with greater performance.
