Separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting dust

The separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting(SCS)dust using a sulfating roasting−water leaching process were investigated.The thermodynamic analysis results confirm the feasibility of the phase transformation to metal sulfates and to gaseous HF and HCl.Under the sulfating roasting conditions of the roasting temperature of 250℃ and the sulfuric acid excess coefficient of 1.8,over 74 wt.%of F and 98 wt.%of Cl were volatilized into flue gas.Approximately 98.6 wt.%of Zn and 96.5 wt.%of Cu in the roasting product were dissolved into the leaching solution after the water leaching process,while the leaching efficiencies of Pb and Sn were only 0.12%and 0.22%,respectively.The mechanism studies indicate the pivotal effect of roasting temperature on the sulphation reactions from various metal species to metal sulfates and the salting out reactions from various metal halides to gaseous hydrogen halides.

Effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets obtained from the gas-based direct reduction process

Smelting separations of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets（HVTMP）prepared by gas-based direct reduction were investigated,and the effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors were analyzed.Relevant mechanisms were elucidated using X-ray diffraction analysis,FACTSAGE 7.0 calculations,and scanning electron microscopy observations.The results show that,when the smelting temperature,time,and C/O ratio are increased,the recoveries of V and Cr of HVTMP in pig iron are improved,the recovery of Fe initially increases and subsequently decreases,and the recovery of Ti O_2 in slag decreases.When the smelting Ca O/Si O_2 ratio is increased,the recoveries of Fe,V,and Cr in pig iron increase and the recovery of Ti O_2 in slag initially increases and subsequently decreases.The appropriate smelting separation parameters for HVTMP are as follows：smelting temperature of 1873 K;smelting time of 30–50 min;C/O ratio of 1.25;and Ca O/Si O_2 ratio of 0.50.With these optimized parameters（smelting time：30 min）,the recoveries of Fe,V,Cr,and Ti O_2 are 99.5%,91.24%,92.41%,and 94.86%,respectively.

Preparing high-purity iron by direct reduction?smelting separation of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate

A new process for preparing high-purity iron(HPI)was proposed,and it was investigated by laboratory experiments and pilot tests.The results show that under conditions of a reduced temperature of 1075°C,reduced time of 5 h,and CaO content of 2.5wt%,a DRI with a metallization rate of 96.5%was obtained through coal-based direct reduction of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate.Then,an HPI with a Fe purity of 99.95%and C,Si,Mn,and P contents as low as 0.0008wt%,0.0006wt%,0.0014wt%,and 0.0015wt%,respectively,was prepared by smelting separation of the DRI using a smelting temperature of 1625°C,smelting time of 45 min,and CaO content of 9.3wt%.The product of the pilot test with a scale of 0.01 Mt/a had a lower impurity content than the Chinese industry standard.An HPI with a Fe purity of 99.98wt%can be produced through the direct reduction?smelting separation of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate at relatively low cost.The proposed process shows a promising prospect for application in the future.

利用褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结矿制备Fe-Cr-Ni合金

我国是不锈钢第一生产大国,但作为冶炼不锈钢主要原料的镍矿及铬铁矿资源贫乏,占红土镍矿资源总量60%以上的褐铁矿型红土镍矿与低品位铬铁矿愈发受到关注。同时,不锈钢冶炼通常需先分别生产铬铁和镍铁,工艺流程长,生产成本高。因此,本文基于烧结—高炉工艺,利用褐铁矿型红土镍矿烧结矿低成本地一步制备出了Fe-Cr-Ni合金。通过热力学分析及熔炼参数的优化,重点研究了不同Cr_(2)O_(3)含量的含镍烧结矿(S1:4.84 wt%;S3:7.72 wt%)的熔炼特性。在熔炼时间60 min(S1)/90 min (S3)、熔炼温度1600℃、焦粉用量20 wt%、炉渣碱度1.0的最佳条件下,成功制备出了铬品位5.6 wt%~9.3 wt%、镍品位1.55 wt%~1.70 wt%、铁品位84 wt%~88 wt%的Fe-Cr-Ni合金,其铬、镍和铁的回收率分别在90%、98%和96%以上。研究表明,含镍烧结矿Cr_(2)O_(3)含量的提高会造成熔炼时间的延长,这不利于焦比的降低与不锈钢产量的提高。在后续研究中,将开发出由含镍烧结矿与含铬球团矿构成的综合炉料结构,以更有效地实现高铬镍铁的冶炼。

Corrosion of Magnesia-chrome Brick by Smelting Reduction Slag with Iron Bath

Effects of FeO content （0, 5%, 10%, and 15% in mass, respectively ） in lab-synthesized smelting redttc- tion slag with iron bath and test temperature （1 450, 1 500, 1550, anti 1 600 ℃ ） on corrosion am,amount and microstructure of fused rebonded magnesia - chrome brick with 26.02 massqc of Cr2O3 were researched by rotary cylinder method. The results show that ： （ 1 ） the corro- sion amolult of magnesia -chrome brick by slag without FeO is higher than that by the slag with 5% FeO, and the vorrosion amount increases when FeO content increa- ses from 5% to 15% ; （2） the test temperature is one of the important factors affecting the slag corrosion resist- ance of magnesia - chrome brick, and the corrosion of smelting reduction slag to brick increases with the temperature rising.

S-rough sets and knowledge separation

The conceptions of the knowledge screen generated by S-rough sets are given: f- screen and - screen , and then puts forward - filter theorem, - filter theorem of knowledge. At last, the applications of knowledge separation are given according to - screen and - screen.

Analytical solution for the time-fractional heat conduction equation in spherical coordinate system by the method of variable separation

In this paper,using the fractional Fourier law,we obtain the fractional heat conduction equation with a time-fractional derivative in the spherical coordinate system.The method of variable separation is used to solve the timefractional heat conduction equation.The Caputo fractional derivative of the order 0 〈 α≤ 1 is used.The solution is presented in terms of the Mittag-Leffler functions.Numerical results are illustrated graphically for various values of fractional derivative.

Improved delayed detached-eddy simulation of massive separation around triple cylinders

The massively separated flow past triple cylin- ders （TriC） in tandem arrangement is simulated using the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the shear stress transport （SST） model, coupled with the high order adaptive dissipation scheme. The spacing between adjacent cylinders is sub-critical （1.435D）. IDDES prediction of two cylinders （TC） with the same spacing is compared to experimental data for validation, and the numerical results agree well with the available measurements, except for the asymmetry in the gap region. The flow past TriC is investigated using the same method. Generally, the mean flow quantities past TriC, such as the velocity, pressure, and vorticity, are similar to the corresponding components of TC. However, the pressure fluctuations on the TriC surface are uniformly larger than those on TC. Meanwhile, the instantaneous flows past TriC are much more complex. The periodical blockage in the first gap region is found in the TriC case and leads to the up-and-down movement of shear layer in the second gap region.

Cobalt-free gadolinium-doped perovskite Gd_xBa_(1-x)FeO_(3-δ) as high-performance materials for oxygen separation

Cobalt-free oxides GdxBal-xFeO3-σas（0.01 _〈 x _〈 0.1 ） were achieved by a solid state reaction method. It is found that GdxBal-xFeO3-σas（0.025 _〈 x _〈 0.1） exhibits the cubic perovskite structure. Among GdxBal-xFeO3-σas （0.025 -〈 x -〈 0.1 ）, the GdxBal-xFeO3-σas （GBF2.5） membrane shows the outstanding phase structure stability and the highest oxygen permeation, which can reach 1.44 ml. cm- 2. rain- 1 at 950 ℃ under air/He oxygen partial pressure gradient. The GBF2.5 membrane was successfully operated for more than 100 h at 800 ℃ and the oxygen permeation flux through the membrane is 0.62 ml. cm- 2. rain- 1. After 100 h oxygen permeation experiment at 800℃, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDXS） demonstrate that the GBF2.5 exhibits phase structure stability even at intermediate temoerature.

Enantiomeric Separation of Amino Alcohols by Ion-pair Chromatography

Enantiomers of four amino alcohols were resolved by ion-pair chromatography with (+)-10-camphorsulphonic acid as chiral counter ion. Studies of the influence of the mobile phase composition, the solute structure and the mobile phase flow-rate on separation are presented. Under the optimized conditions enantiomeric propanolol, norephedrine, metropolol and salbutamol were separated using dichloromethane-1-pentanol (97:3 v/v) as mobile phase on Lichrospher-100-DIOL column.

Separation of potassium from sodium in alkaline solution by solvent extraction with 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol

This work investigated the separation of potassium from sodium in alkaline solution using substituted phenol-based extractants.Superior potassium extraction was achieved with 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol(t-BAMBP)than 4-sec-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol(BAMBP).The optimum conditions for the extraction were 1 mol/L t-BAMBP,3:1 volumetric phase ratio(O/A),and two extraction stages.After cross-current extraction,the extraction ratio of potassium reached 90.8%.After scrubbing with deionised water at phase ratio of 4:1 and scrubbing stage of 4,a sodium scrubbing efficiency of 88.2%was obtained.After stripping using 1 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4) at phase ratio of 3:1,the stripping efficiency of potassium reached 94.2%.The potassium/sodium(K/Na)concentration ratio increased 14.3 times from 0.15 in the feed solution to 2.3 in the stripping solution.The efficient separation of potassium from sodium in alkaline solution was achieved via solvent extraction with t-BAMBP.

STUDY ON THE SEPARATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID BY ION-EXCHANGE

The feasibility of recavering glutamic acid by ion exchange method with macroporous resins was investigated. Their adsorption properties in static state and the effective factors,such as pH, concentration of feed and the ratio of ammonium ion toglutamic acid,were systematically explored. The best conditions of separating glutamic acid from mother liquid were obtained.

NaOH-Na_2S熔盐法处理分银渣

采用NaOH-Na2S熔盐体系处理分银渣,并对熔炼过程进行研究,考察碱渣比、盐渣比、熔炼温度和熔炼时间对金属元素锑、锡、砷的分离以及对铅、铋、金、银富集效果的影响。研究结果表明:熔炼的优化条件为:碱渣比和盐渣比分别为0.4和2.0,熔炼温度500℃、熔炼时间60 min。在此优化条件下,熔炼产物经浸出后,金属元素锑、锡和砷浸出率分别达到87.7%,95.5%和63.0%,铅、铋、金和银不浸出,富集到浸出渣中。

红土镍矿转底炉预还原-电炉熔分制取镍铁合金

对某红土镍矿采用转底炉预还原-电炉熔分工艺制取镍铁合金进行研究。实验结果表明:根据矿石性质,选择合适的渣型为SiO2-MgO-CaO-FeO四元渣系,在熔剂石灰配比为25%,还原剂配比为3.5%,预还原温度为1 150℃,预还原时间为30 min,电炉熔分温度为1 450℃,熔分时间为15 min的条件下,经转底炉预还原-电炉熔分后,获得镍质量分数为8.68%、镍回收率97.62%、铁质量分数为86.23%的镍铁合金,该合金可用作不锈钢生产原料。

NaOH-NaNO_3-Air体系低温碱性熔炼处理废弃电路板多金属粉末

研究Na OH-Na NO3-Air体系低温碱性熔炼处理废弃电路板多金属粉末的工艺流程,在熔炼过程中对各因素对两性金属的影响进行系统研究,优化得到较为适宜的熔体组成与工艺条件:Na NO3,Na OH和多金属粉末质量比为0.6:2.5:1.0,温度为350℃,空气流量为1.5 L/min,熔炼时间为30 min。研究结果表明:在此条件下Sn,Pb,Al和Sn的转化率分别为100%,83.99%,93.26%和91.97%。针对含两性金属的碱性浸出液,设计Ca(OH)2沉锡和Na2S·9H2O沉铅锌的分离工艺,得到纯度(质量分数)98%以上的Sn O2及Pb S-Zn O混合物。

交变磁选-化学浸泡方法处理硫铁矿烧渣

:针对一种贫铁复杂类型的硫铁矿烧渣 ,采用交变磁选 -化学浸泡方法处理 ,获得铁质量分数达 6 1 .4 %、铁回收率达 58.4 %、具有较低杂质含量的精矿 ,可以用于高炉炼铁掺烧原料 ,分选后的尾矿可作为水泥配料 ,同时回收 Zn。

钨冶炼渣中锡的回收工艺研究

随着冶炼工艺的不断演变和发展,冶炼技术也逐渐趋于成熟。通过冶炼工艺提取钨后剩余的钨冶炼渣大量堆存,给人类的生产生活带来了负面影响。钨冶炼渣成分较为复杂,表面残留有浸出药剂,其中富含大量的有价金属,因此选取合适的工艺回收钨冶炼渣中的有价金属不仅可以从源头上减少排放量,减轻对土壤和水资源的污染,还能提高有价金属的资源利用率并降低钨冶炼渣处理成本。钨冶炼渣的减量化、环保化和资源化处理是钨行业碳减排的关键一环,对某黑白混合钨冶炼渣中金属锡的回收进行了试验研究,该钨冶炼渣中约有87.59%的锡分布在-0.045 mm粒级中,分选难度较大。选择尼尔森立式离心选矿机作为粗选设备,通过逐步优化实验确定粗选流程的最佳条件,分别为磨矿细度为-0.038 mm粒级含量占78.15%、给矿浓度15%、分选锥转速90 G/s、反冲水流量2.60 L/min。为进一步提高粗精矿锡品位,对四种精选方法进行了对比试验,最终在“离心选矿机一粗一精+摇床、离心选矿机分级精选”的重选工艺下,当给矿浓度15%、分选锥转速90 G/s、反冲水流量2.75 L/min时,获得了锡精矿锡品位4.03%、锡回收率52.41%,实现了钨冶炼渣中有价金属锡的有效回收,为钨冶炼渣的减量化及资源化利用提供了一定的参考。

基于气基直接还原-熔分的硼铁矿高效利用新工艺

实验室条件下,以含硼铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团,对含硼铁精矿气基竖炉直接还原-电炉熔分新工艺进行了研究.结果表明,含硼铁精矿是良好的造球原料,1 200℃下焙烧20 min后,成品球团抗压强度可达2 500 N以上,满足气基竖炉直接还原工艺要求.在H2与CO体积比大于2/5且温度在850~1 000℃条件下,含硼铁精矿氧化球团还原率达到95%的时间为15~60 min,还原膨胀率不高于15%.在高温下电热熔化DRI后硼和铁可以高效分离,硼、铁收得率均可达到98%以上,富硼渣中B2O3的质量分数在21%以上,活性可达89%左右,是“一步法”生产硼酸的优良原料.含硼铁精矿气基竖炉直接还原电炉熔分新工艺可以实现硼铁高效分离和清洁利用.

工业硅渣浮选熔融分离提纯金属硅的实验研究

介绍了使用工业硅渣浮选获得的工业硅粉,通过高温熔融法,分离残余渣相提纯工业硅,考察了不同气氛及熔剂添加量对渣-硅分离效果和工业硅杂质含量的影响。分别在空气气氛、氩气保护气氛及添加不同含量复合熔剂条件下,将10 g精矿样品于1450℃熔融处理5 min,随后淬冷制样磨抛统计样品单位截面积内硅滴的尺寸分布,以判断硅滴熔融聚集长大与渣相分离的特性。同时,检测不同条件下,熔融处理后获得的工业硅典型杂质含量变化。结果表明:惰性保护气氛会阻碍硅滴聚集长大与残余渣相分离,添加1%~2%的熔剂可加速硅滴长大集聚与渣相分离。在空气气氛并添加2%熔剂的条件下,可显著脱除熔融工业硅中的钙、铝杂质,可在一定程度上脱除部分铁、钛杂质。

复杂难选锡铁矿分离技术研究进展

随着锡铁需求量的不断增加,优质锡铁矿资源日益减少,复杂难选锡铁矿的锡铁高效分离成为了当前的研究热点。复杂难选锡铁矿中锡主要以锡石的形式存在,而铁主要以赤铁矿、褐铁矿和磁铁矿的形式存在,且锡铁共伴生关系紧密。本文综述了复杂难选锡铁矿中锡铁分离技术的研究现状,主要包括选矿分离技术、火法冶炼技术和选冶联合技术。未来,针对不同复杂锡铁矿的特点,可以考虑梯度回收各有价组分;同时,应加强对选冶联合分离锡铁新技术及机理的研究,充分发挥联合工艺的优势,简化工艺流程,降低成本。