The snap fit is a common mechanical mechanism.We have studied the spherical snap fit carefully for its physical asymmetry,which is easy to assemble but difficult to disassemble.Because of the complexity of spherical s...The snap fit is a common mechanical mechanism.We have studied the spherical snap fit carefully for its physical asymmetry,which is easy to assemble but difficult to disassemble.Because of the complexity of spherical snap fit,it is difficult to get a theoretical formula to describe its physical asymmetry.In this paper,the pushing assembly and pulling disassembly of spherical snap fit are studied by both finite element analysis and experiments.The theoretical formulaes of spherical snap fit have been obtained based on numerical simulations and theoretical results of cylindrical snap fit.展开更多
BACKGROUND Snapping triceps syndrome(STS)is a rare disease,while occurrence of bilateral STS is extremely rare.It is usually accompanied by dislocation of the ulnar nerve and double snapping is a clinically important ...BACKGROUND Snapping triceps syndrome(STS)is a rare disease,while occurrence of bilateral STS is extremely rare.It is usually accompanied by dislocation of the ulnar nerve and double snapping is a clinically important feature.However,to the best of our knowledge,there has been no report of bilateral STS in young active patient.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male presented with a complaint of discomfort and snapping on the medial side of both elbows while performing push-ups.On physical examination,two distinct snaps that were both palpable and audible were detected on additional clinical examination.Dynamic ultrasonography showed that the ulnar nerve and the medial head of the triceps were dislocated anteriorly over the medial epicondyle of the elbow during flexion motion.Finally,he was diagnosed as dislocation of the ulnar nerve and STS.Staged anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve combined with partial resection of the snapping portion of the triceps was performed.The patient’s pain and snapping symptoms were resolved immediately after surgery.Three months later,the patient was completely asymptomatic and returned to normal activity.CONCLUSION STS should be included in the differential diagnosis for active young patients who present with painful snapping on the medial side of the elbow joint,particularly when dislocation of the ulnar nerve is detected.Dynamic sonography is used to assist in accurate diagnosis and differentiation between isolated dislocation of the ulnar nerve and STS.展开更多
目的:引进中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表-父母版(Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham,Version IV Scale-parent form,SNAP-IV)并检验其信效度。方法:对31名符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的注意缺陷...目的:引进中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表-父母版(Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham,Version IV Scale-parent form,SNAP-IV)并检验其信效度。方法:对31名符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)门诊患儿和231名正常儿童进行中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版、中文版Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)及中文版Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)评估,以检验校标效度。对27名受试者(ADHD组3人,正常组24人)1周内再次进行中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版评估,以检验重测信度。结果:中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版全量表内部一致性信度Cronbachα系数为0.95,注意力不集中、多动冲动、对立违抗3个分量表Cronbachα系数分别为0.90、0.89、0.88。重测信度组内相关系数(ICC)为0.68,3个分量表的重测信度ICC分别为0.75、0.76、0.24。中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版与PSQ及CBCL对应各因子得分之间相关系数分别介于0.29～0.73、0.30～0.74,验证性因子分析显示中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版的3因子及4因子模型均合理。中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版诊断ADHD敏感度为0.87,特异度为0.79。结论:中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版具有良好的信度与效度。展开更多
基金the financial support from Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology(Project No.002/2040221134)。
文摘The snap fit is a common mechanical mechanism.We have studied the spherical snap fit carefully for its physical asymmetry,which is easy to assemble but difficult to disassemble.Because of the complexity of spherical snap fit,it is difficult to get a theoretical formula to describe its physical asymmetry.In this paper,the pushing assembly and pulling disassembly of spherical snap fit are studied by both finite element analysis and experiments.The theoretical formulaes of spherical snap fit have been obtained based on numerical simulations and theoretical results of cylindrical snap fit.
文摘BACKGROUND Snapping triceps syndrome(STS)is a rare disease,while occurrence of bilateral STS is extremely rare.It is usually accompanied by dislocation of the ulnar nerve and double snapping is a clinically important feature.However,to the best of our knowledge,there has been no report of bilateral STS in young active patient.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male presented with a complaint of discomfort and snapping on the medial side of both elbows while performing push-ups.On physical examination,two distinct snaps that were both palpable and audible were detected on additional clinical examination.Dynamic ultrasonography showed that the ulnar nerve and the medial head of the triceps were dislocated anteriorly over the medial epicondyle of the elbow during flexion motion.Finally,he was diagnosed as dislocation of the ulnar nerve and STS.Staged anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve combined with partial resection of the snapping portion of the triceps was performed.The patient’s pain and snapping symptoms were resolved immediately after surgery.Three months later,the patient was completely asymptomatic and returned to normal activity.CONCLUSION STS should be included in the differential diagnosis for active young patients who present with painful snapping on the medial side of the elbow joint,particularly when dislocation of the ulnar nerve is detected.Dynamic sonography is used to assist in accurate diagnosis and differentiation between isolated dislocation of the ulnar nerve and STS.
文摘目的:引进中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表-父母版(Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham,Version IV Scale-parent form,SNAP-IV)并检验其信效度。方法:对31名符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)门诊患儿和231名正常儿童进行中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版、中文版Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)及中文版Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)评估,以检验校标效度。对27名受试者(ADHD组3人,正常组24人)1周内再次进行中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版评估,以检验重测信度。结果:中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版全量表内部一致性信度Cronbachα系数为0.95,注意力不集中、多动冲动、对立违抗3个分量表Cronbachα系数分别为0.90、0.89、0.88。重测信度组内相关系数(ICC)为0.68,3个分量表的重测信度ICC分别为0.75、0.76、0.24。中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版与PSQ及CBCL对应各因子得分之间相关系数分别介于0.29～0.73、0.30～0.74,验证性因子分析显示中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版的3因子及4因子模型均合理。中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版诊断ADHD敏感度为0.87,特异度为0.79。结论:中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版具有良好的信度与效度。
