This study simulated and predicted the runoff of the Aksu River Basin, a typical river basin supplied by snowmelt in an arid mountain region, with a limited data set and few hydrological and meteorological stations. T...This study simulated and predicted the runoff of the Aksu River Basin, a typical river basin supplied by snowmelt in an arid mountain region, with a limited data set and few hydrological and meteorological stations. Two hydrological models, the snowmelt-runoff model （SRM） and the Danish NedbФr-AfstrФmnings rainfall-runoff model （NAM）, were used to simulate daily discharge processes in the Aksu River Basin. This study used the snow-covered area from MODIS remote sensing data as the SRM input. With the help of ArcGIS software, this study successfully derived the digital drainage network and elevation zones of the basin from digital elevation data. The simulation results showed that the SRM based on MODIS data was more accurate than NAM. This demonstrates that the application of remote sensing data to hydrological snowmelt models is a feasible and effective approach to runoff simulation and prediction in arid unguaged basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor.展开更多
随着城市化进程加快、气候多变,城市雨雪冰冻灾害日趋严重。针对冬季融雪带来的地表积水问题,利用Storm Water Management Model(SWMM)研究了机械、化学、人工3种清雪措施对冬季寒区城市融雪径流规律和低影响开发(LID)效果的影响机理。...随着城市化进程加快、气候多变,城市雨雪冰冻灾害日趋严重。针对冬季融雪带来的地表积水问题,利用Storm Water Management Model(SWMM)研究了机械、化学、人工3种清雪措施对冬季寒区城市融雪径流规律和低影响开发(LID)效果的影响机理。研究结果发现,3种清雪措施对于冬季寒区城市地表径流调控起到了显著作用,地表径流控制率增幅为5.9%~21.8%。3种清雪措施与LID组合使用后,均可将地表径流控制率提高至85%以上,相较于未清雪情景相比,地表径流控制率提高了40.0%~44.2%;与单独采取清雪措施相比,提高了22.4%~34.1%;与单独采取LID措施相比,提高了1.5%~5.7%。因此,清雪措施与LID的结合使用可提高冬季城市地表径流调控效果,不同清雪方式与LID的组合方式,对城市融雪径流的调控效果差异显著。展开更多
There are serious concerns of rise in temperatures over snowy and glacierized Himalayan region that may eventually affect future river flows of Indus river system. It is therefore necessary to predict snow and glacier...There are serious concerns of rise in temperatures over snowy and glacierized Himalayan region that may eventually affect future river flows of Indus river system. It is therefore necessary to predict snow and glacier melt runoff to manage future water resource of Upper Indus Basin(UIB). The snowmelt runoff model(SRM) coupled with MODIS remote sensing data was employed in this study to predict daily discharges of Gilgit River in the Karakoram Range. The SRM was calibrated successfully and then simulation was made over four years i.e. 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 achieving coefficient of model efficiency of 0.96, 0.86, 0.9 and 0.94 respectively. The scenarios of precipitation and mean temperature developed from regional climate model PRECIS were used in SRM model to predict future flows of Gilgit River. The increase of 3 C in mean annual temperature by the end of 21 th century may result in increase of 35-40% in Gilgit River flows. The expected increase in the surface runoff from the snow and glacier melt demands better water conservation and management for irrigation and hydel-power generation in the Indus basin in future.展开更多
为明确我国高寒区积雪消融对春季农田土壤水分的作用,针对气象站点监测数据、遥感及陆面模式同化数据在时空分辨率方面存在的不足,以地处黑龙江省中部的呼兰河流域为例,利用SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模拟流域降雪、积雪、...为明确我国高寒区积雪消融对春季农田土壤水分的作用,针对气象站点监测数据、遥感及陆面模式同化数据在时空分辨率方面存在的不足,以地处黑龙江省中部的呼兰河流域为例,利用SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模拟流域降雪、积雪、融雪等过程,研究流域内降雪、积雪、融雪的时空变化特征及其对春季农田土壤水分的影响。结果表明:呼兰河流域的平均降雪量、最大日积雪量、融雪量空间分布呈现自西向东逐渐增加的相近特征;积雪量、降雪量、融雪量变化率的空间分布特征相近,这些变化率在流域内大部分区域呈现增长趋势;降雪量、积雪量、融雪量的年时间序列关系密切,与土壤水分的年际变化趋势相近,农田土壤水分的年际变化受降水量影响较大;上年11月至当年3月的各月积雪量、上年11月降雪量、当年4月融雪量与当年春季4、5月农田土壤水分含量的相关性较显著;融雪水在3月下旬至4月上旬补给土壤水分,能够促使农田土壤水分短期上升,积雪量决定了融雪水对农田土壤水分的补给作用;农田土壤水分在融雪前下降趋势平缓,但在融雪后急剧下降。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB400502)the World Bank Cooperative Project(Grant No.THSD-07)the 111 Program of the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs,China(Grant No.B08048)
文摘This study simulated and predicted the runoff of the Aksu River Basin, a typical river basin supplied by snowmelt in an arid mountain region, with a limited data set and few hydrological and meteorological stations. Two hydrological models, the snowmelt-runoff model （SRM） and the Danish NedbФr-AfstrФmnings rainfall-runoff model （NAM）, were used to simulate daily discharge processes in the Aksu River Basin. This study used the snow-covered area from MODIS remote sensing data as the SRM input. With the help of ArcGIS software, this study successfully derived the digital drainage network and elevation zones of the basin from digital elevation data. The simulation results showed that the SRM based on MODIS data was more accurate than NAM. This demonstrates that the application of remote sensing data to hydrological snowmelt models is a feasible and effective approach to runoff simulation and prediction in arid unguaged basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor.
文摘随着城市化进程加快、气候多变,城市雨雪冰冻灾害日趋严重。针对冬季融雪带来的地表积水问题,利用Storm Water Management Model(SWMM)研究了机械、化学、人工3种清雪措施对冬季寒区城市融雪径流规律和低影响开发(LID)效果的影响机理。研究结果发现,3种清雪措施对于冬季寒区城市地表径流调控起到了显著作用,地表径流控制率增幅为5.9%~21.8%。3种清雪措施与LID组合使用后,均可将地表径流控制率提高至85%以上,相较于未清雪情景相比,地表径流控制率提高了40.0%~44.2%;与单独采取清雪措施相比,提高了22.4%~34.1%;与单独采取LID措施相比,提高了1.5%~5.7%。因此,清雪措施与LID的结合使用可提高冬季城市地表径流调控效果,不同清雪方式与LID的组合方式,对城市融雪径流的调控效果差异显著。
文摘There are serious concerns of rise in temperatures over snowy and glacierized Himalayan region that may eventually affect future river flows of Indus river system. It is therefore necessary to predict snow and glacier melt runoff to manage future water resource of Upper Indus Basin(UIB). The snowmelt runoff model(SRM) coupled with MODIS remote sensing data was employed in this study to predict daily discharges of Gilgit River in the Karakoram Range. The SRM was calibrated successfully and then simulation was made over four years i.e. 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 achieving coefficient of model efficiency of 0.96, 0.86, 0.9 and 0.94 respectively. The scenarios of precipitation and mean temperature developed from regional climate model PRECIS were used in SRM model to predict future flows of Gilgit River. The increase of 3 C in mean annual temperature by the end of 21 th century may result in increase of 35-40% in Gilgit River flows. The expected increase in the surface runoff from the snow and glacier melt demands better water conservation and management for irrigation and hydel-power generation in the Indus basin in future.
文摘为明确我国高寒区积雪消融对春季农田土壤水分的作用,针对气象站点监测数据、遥感及陆面模式同化数据在时空分辨率方面存在的不足,以地处黑龙江省中部的呼兰河流域为例,利用SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模拟流域降雪、积雪、融雪等过程,研究流域内降雪、积雪、融雪的时空变化特征及其对春季农田土壤水分的影响。结果表明:呼兰河流域的平均降雪量、最大日积雪量、融雪量空间分布呈现自西向东逐渐增加的相近特征;积雪量、降雪量、融雪量变化率的空间分布特征相近,这些变化率在流域内大部分区域呈现增长趋势;降雪量、积雪量、融雪量的年时间序列关系密切,与土壤水分的年际变化趋势相近,农田土壤水分的年际变化受降水量影响较大;上年11月至当年3月的各月积雪量、上年11月降雪量、当年4月融雪量与当年春季4、5月农田土壤水分含量的相关性较显著;融雪水在3月下旬至4月上旬补给土壤水分,能够促使农田土壤水分短期上升,积雪量决定了融雪水对农田土壤水分的补给作用;农田土壤水分在融雪前下降趋势平缓,但在融雪后急剧下降。
