IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PASSIVE LOSSLESS SNUBBERS FOR POWER BRIDGE LEGS

The paper considers three common snubber circuits used on gate turn-off thyristor and/or insulated gate bipolar transistor inverters. The three snubbers are passive lossless circuits for power bridge legs, and the improvements and modifications to these snubber circuits are presented. The comparative features and operation of the three improved energy recovery snubbers are discussed and supported by PSPICE simulations and experimental results.

Snubber用高频高压隔离偏置电源研究

一般来说,托卡马克(EAST)装置中的NBI加热系统都是利用Snubber来实现保护的。为了优化Snubber的结构,通常都给其添加一个偏置直流源,将Snubber的性能维持在BH曲线的负饱和点附近,这样能使Snubber的质量减小一半。而目前普遍使用的偏置直流源是将50/60 Hz的交流电经过高压隔离变压器变压后整流直接得到。50/60 Hz的高压隔离变压器体积大、质量重,将带来移动不便和占用大量空间等缺点,如将50/60 Hz变为高频后经高频高压隔离变压器处理,这一问题就能得到解决。基于高频高压技术进行了EAST Snubber高压隔离偏置电源的设计与实验研究。

双向可控硅电路完整建模中的Snubber电路设计

主要讨论了双向可控硅(TRIACs)典型应用电路和缓冲电路(Snubber)的设计方法,根据双向可控硅受负载电流过零点控制转向,因而可能在感性负载应用中迫使可控硅误导通的特点,分析了合适Snubber电路设计的关键。并通过完整电路的建模方法,分析了双向可控硅典型应用电路的snubber电路设计。

COMPOSITE SOFT SWITCHING CONFIGURATION FOR INVERTERS USING BRIDGE LEG MODULES

The use of either lossless snubbers or resonant zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) techniques can increase efficiency and reduce electromagnetic inter ference (EMI) and noise of industrial power equipment at high switching frequencies. This paper presents an adaptive composite soft switching configuration which combines snubber functions and resonant ZCS circuits for switches in inverters using power bridge leg modules. Simulation and experimental results are included.

Parameter Analysis for Arc Snubber of EAST Neutral Beam Injector

According to the B-H curve and structural dimensions of the snubber by the Fink- Baker Method, the inductive voltage and the eddy current of any core tape with the thickness of the saturated regions are derived when the accelerator breakdown occurs. Using the Ampere＇s law, in each core tape, the eddy current of the core lamination is equal to the arc current, and the relation of the thickness of the saturated regions for different laminations can be deduced. The total equivalent resistance of the snubber can be obtained. The transient eddy current model based on the stray capacitance and the equivalent resistance is analyzed, and the solving process is given in detail. The exponential time constant and the arc current are obtained. Then, the maximum width of the lamination and the minimum thickness of the core tape are determined. The experimental time constant of the eddy current obtained, with or without the bias current, is approximately the same as that by the analytical method, which proves the accuracy of the adopted assumptions and the analysis method.

A Design Model of Core Snubber for EAST NBI

A transformer type iron core snubber, as a protective device against the stray capacitance during the breakdown in EAST, is analyzed in detail. Three kinds of topology are presented. Then with the analysis for equivalent circuit, the ranges of three key parameters, i.e., secondary side resistance, leakage inductance and snubber inductance, are determined. By con- sidering the saturation of the magnetic material, a design principle is Mso presented. A nearly 1：10 core snubber is tested. It is proved that a high permeability core with secondary resistor can restrain the discharge current effectively.

Preliminary design of high power magnet converter for CRAFT

In order to test the superconducting magnet performance for the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)project of China,a power supply converter needs to be designed.In this paper,short circuits upstream and downstream of the direct current(DC)reactor are analyzed,and the thyristor style and the parallel number are determined by the limit analysis of junction temperature and fault current I^2t.On this basis,the over current and voltage verification of fast fuse are finished to protect the thyristor at fault cases by considering the short circuit of the bridge arm.Then,the resistor and capacitor parameters of thyristor snubber are committed to decreasing the reverse over voltage.These analysis results will be used as the preliminary design of high power magnet converter for CRAFT.

Analysis and Design of the Iron Core as the Arc Snubber in the EAST NBI System

A special winding iron-core is designed to act as the snubber for the neutral beam injection （NBI） power supply （PS） system in EAST, which will limit the fault current and energy caused by occasional sparking in the NBI ion source. 50-50 Ni-Fe is chosen as the high-frequency magnetization material for the iron-core. Equations for the snubber is derived from the design of the iron-core. The iron-loss factor and eddy-current losses are found to increase in a sample experiment at a frequency from 1 kHz to 20 kHz. A 1：10 miniature of the iron-core is tested and performs well with a fine capability.

Analysis and Application of the Series Core Snubber

The transformer core snubber （CS）, as one of the most important components in the EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） NBI （neutral beam injector） system, is designed to limit grid damage and protect the ion source during periods of electrical breakdowns. A transformer core snubber is analyzed in detail in this paper. Several kinds of soft magnetic cores are presented and compared. With analysis and experiment on the basic characteristics of the cores, the most suitable materials are suggested. The circuit simulation code is established which could simulate faulty conditions with concentrated and distributed CS concepts. Based on the above work, an ion source CS is developed with series type of distributed topology. The CS has been subjected to experimental validation at 80 kV with a peak short-current of approximately 400 A in a real NBI system, which proves the accuracy of the adopted assumptions and the analysis method.

Transmitting oscillation suppression of low-Tc SQUID TEM system based on RC serial and multi-parallel capacity snubber circuit

A low-temperature superconducting quantum interference device(low-Tc SQUID)can improve the depth of exploration.However,a low-Tc SQUID may lose its lock owing to oscillations in the current or the occurrence of spikes when the transmitter is switched off.If a low-Tc SQUID loses its lock,it becomes impossible for the low-Tc SQUID TEM system to function normally and stably for a long period of time.This hinders the practical use of the system.In field experiments,the transmitting current is accurately measured,the voltage overshoot and current spike data are recorded,and the gradient of the primary magnetic field at the center of the transmitting loop is calculated.After analyzing the results of field experiments,it was found that when the gradient of the primary magnetic field far exceeds the slew rate of a low-Tc SQUID,the low-Tc SQUID loses its lock.Based on the mechanisms of the transmitting oscillation,an RC serial and multi-parallel capacity snubber circuit used to suppress such oscillation is proposed.The results of simulation and field experiments show that,when using a 100 m×100 m transmitting loop,the gradient of the primary magnetic field is suppressed from 101.4 to 2.4 mT/s with a transmitting current of 40 A,and from 29.6 to 1.4 mT/s with a transmitting current of 20 A.Therefore,it can be concluded that the gradient of the primary magnetic field is below the slew rate of a low-Tc SQUID after adopting the proposed RC serial and multi-parallel capacity snubber circuit.In conclusion,the technique proposed in this paper solves the problem of a lost lock of a low-Tc SQUID,ensuring that the low-Tc SQUID TEM system functions stably for a long period of time,and providing technical assurance for ground TEM exploration at an additional depth.

A NOVEL PASSIVE DUAL ENERGY RECOVERY SNUBBER FOR HIGH POWER GTO CONVERTERS

A novel passive dual energy recovery snubber circuit is presented where energy trapped in the snubber inductor and capacitor is recovered into the both DC rail and load, without any active devices or resistors. The maximum over-shoot voltage on the switch is fixed, peak switch current is low, circuit reset is fast and the operational range of load current is wide. This circuit is suitable for use in high frequency, single ended power gate turn-off (GTO) thyrister choppers. Main design equations, some simulations and practical results are included.

NBI-Snubber多终端电源监控系统优化设计

为了进一步提高监控系统的可靠性,满足未来更高电压的NBI实验要求,针对现有监控系统存在的问题,从软硬件两方面进行优化设计。硬件优化设计主要包括供电优化、光纤发送电路优化、采样信号输入电路优化和串口/光纤电路优化等。软件优化提供了多终端的监控方式,主要包括基于Linux环境的上位机控制软件,基于web的访问和短信通知方式。实验测试表明,新的控制系统运行稳定,能够较好的满足NBI实验环境的要求,为NBI束线优先决策控制器的连锁控制和故障保护奠定基础。

高电压环境下snubber电源控制系统设计

介绍了在高电压环境下工作的snubber电源控制系统的设计。讨论了基于嵌入式技术的控制系统的软硬件构成。基于可靠性和扩展性的考虑,系统提供了三种控制模式:光纤隔离的RS-232就地控制模式,电源面板上的手操器模式以及扩展用的远控模式。根据系统控制需求,描述了上下位机软件的程序流程以及在实现过程中的关键问题。实验测试表明,该系统能在工作电压50kV及以上的高电压环境下可靠工作。该系统结构简明,抗干扰能力强,满足高抗干扰性要求。

新能源汽车整车控制器的MOSFET振铃抑制

汽车电子产品中电源电路的设计会直接影响整个产品功能的稳定性和EMC性能。新能源汽车整车控制器应用基础电源管理芯片FS8510设计电源模块电路时,其外围MOSFET产生了严重的振铃现象。为解决这一问题,提出更换外围MOSFET及增加Snubber缓冲网络两种改善措施,并给出了选择MOSFET的影响参数和有效的Snubber缓冲网络RC配比算法。整车控制器传导发射-电压法的测试结果表明:两种措施都可以有效抑制MOSFET的振铃,提高产品的EMC性能。

正激式开关电源设计

正激式变换器具有外围电路简单、电压和电流应力小、抗过载能力强、不易饱和、易于集成等许多优点,是中小功率降压式隔离DC/DC变换器最常使用的拓朴之一。本文将对其拓朴原理、磁复位电路选择、变换器设计、反馈电路设计、滤波电路设计等几个方面对其进行详细的介绍。

Detailed Analysis of the Transient Voltage in a JT-60SA PF Coil Circuit

A superconducting coil system is actually complicated by the distributed parameters, e.g. the distributed mutual inductance among turns and the distributed capacitance between adjacent conductors. In this paper, such a complicated system was modeled with a reasonably simplified circuit network with lumped parameters. Then, a detailed circuit analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible voltage transient in the coil circuit. As a result, an appropriate （minimum） snubber capacitance for the Switching Network Unit, which is a fast high voltage generation circuit in JT-60SA, was obtained.

Analysis and Design of ITER 1 MV Core Snubber

The core snubber, as a passive protection device, can suppress arc current and absorb stored energy in stray capacitance during the electrical breakdown in accelerating electrodes of ITER NBI. In order to design the core snubber of ITER, the control parameters of the arc peak current have been firstly analyzed by the Fink-Baker-Owren （FBO） method, which are used for designing the DIIID 100 kV snubber. The B-H curve can be derived from the measured voltage and current waveforms, and the hysteresis loss of the core snubber can be derived using the revised parallelogram method. The core snubber can be a simplified representation as an equivalent parallel resistance and inductance, which has been neglected by the FBO method. A simulation code including the parallel equivalent resistance and inductance has been set up. The simulation and experiments result in dramatically large arc shorting currents due to the parallel inductance effect. The case shows that the core snubber utilizing the FBO method gives more compact design.

Power Efficient Battery Charger by Using Constant Current/Constant Voltage Controller

The Battery Charger Specification presents solution for rechargeable batteries used in portable electronic equipment such as laptop computer systems, cellular telephones and video cameras and the demands for low cost battery chargers are rising these days without give attention for the performance. The goal of the paper was combining high efficiency and versatility with low-cost design and this paper includes the design of the snubber cell, and the components of the current/voltage control charge method. This charger applies a relatively constant current and constant voltage to the battery indefinitely regardless of the AC input rang voltage all the equations described in this paper. The design of prototype converter is verified through an experimental result.

Snubber Circuit for Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Transmitter

A high-power marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter(HP-MCSET)transmits a highfrequency conversion current on the sea floor.Some problems exist when the direct-current to alternating-current(DC-AC)launch bridge(LB)is used in the marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter(MCSET).There is a high voltage peak in the LB when the insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)is turned on and off.In some cases,the voltage stress of the IGBT can be exceeded,which may cause IGBT damage.Because the rise of the current steepness is relatively low and the output voltage has a voltage peak in the LB,a snubber circuit is added to the IGBT to suppress the voltage peak to improve the output current and voltage waveform.The suppression of the voltage peaks is analyzed and compared for several groups of snubber circuits.To meet the performance requirements of the MCSET,the optimal snubber circuit is selected to effectively suppress the voltage peaks at an output current of 1 kA.This method is verified by using a 70 kW MCSET and the experimental waveforms are provided.The simulation of the inductance obstruction load in seawater is necessary to determine the conditions for actual marine environment experiments.

Pressure vessel priming analysis for a regulated liquid propulsion system

An investigation was performed to determine the pressure transient levels and time required to reach pressure equilibrium in a regulated liquid propulsion system due to the priming of a propellant tank during system initiation.An experimental fluid flow test setup was designed and fabricated using a pressure vessel to house distilled water as a propellant simulant for liquid hydrazine and high-pressure gaseous nitrogen as the pressurant.A snubber orifice was installed downstream of the high-pressure gaseous nitrogen bottles to protect a regulator from high-pressure transients,prior to the regulation of incoming gas to beginning of life propulsion system propellant tank conditions.Experiments were conducted to measure pressure transients and time to pressure equilibrium by varying initial system pressures,snubber orifice diameter,and system ullage volume.A mathematical model was developed and compared against the experimental regulated system priming results to predict the system pressures and time to reach system pressure equilibrium during the pressurization period for regulated propulsion systems given initial conditions.