Modelling Land Use/Land Cover Change of River Rwizi Catchment, South-Western Uganda Using GIS and Markov Chain Model

Analysis of catchment Land use/Land cover (LULC) change is a vital tool in ensuring sustainable catchment management. The study analyzed land use/land cover changes in the Rwizi catchment, south western Uganda from 1989-2019 and projected the trend by 2040. Landsat images, field observations, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Changes in cropland, forestland, built up area, grazing land, wetland and open water bodies were analyzed in ArcGIS version 10.2.2 and ERDAS IMAGINE 14 software and a Markov chain model. All the LULC classes increased in area except grazing land. Forest land and builtup area between 2009-2019 increased by 370.03% and 229.53% respectively. Projections revealed an increase in forest land and builtup area by 2030 and only built up area by 2040. LULCC in the catchment results from population pressure, reduced soil fertility and high value of agricultural products.

Assessing Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Changes in Dhund River Basin, Eastern Rajasthan (India), Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data

Land cover is an impression of natural cover on surface of earth such as bare soil, river, grass etc. and utilization of these natural covers for various human needs and purposes by mankind is defined as land use. Land cover identification, delineation and mapping is important for planning activities, resource management and global monitoring studies while baseline mapping and subsequent monitoring is done by application of land use to get timely information about quantity of land that has been used. The present study has been carried out in Dhund river watershed of Jaipur, Rajasthan which covers an area of about 1828 sq∙km. The minimum and maximum elevation of the area is found to be 214 m and 603 m respectively. Land use and land cover changes of three decades from 1991 to 2021 have been interpreted by using remotes sensing and GIS techniques. ArcGIS software (Arc map 10.2), SOI topographic map, Cartosat-1 DEM and satellite data of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 have been used for interpretation of eleven classes. The study shows an increase in cultivated land, settlement, waterbody, open forest, plantation and mining due to urbanization because of increasing demands of food, shelter and water while a decrease in dense forest, river, open scrub, wasteland and uncultivated land has also been marked due to destruction of aforementioned by anthropogenic activities such as industrialization resulting in environmental degradation that leads to air, soil and water pollution.

Glacier area change (1993-2019) and its relationship to debris cover, proglacial lakes, and morphological parameters in the Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Western Himalaya, India

Glacier inventories serve as critical baseline data for understanding the impacts of climate change on glaciers.The present study maps the outlines of glaciers in the Chandra-Bhaga Basin(western Himalaya)for the years 1993,2000,2010,and 2019 using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM),and Operational Land Imager(OLI)datasets.A total of 251 glaciers,each having an area above 0.5 km^(2),were identified,which include 216 clean-ice and 35 debris-covered glaciers.Area changes are estimated for three periods:1993-2000,2000-2010,and 2010-2019.The total glacierized area was 996±62 km^(2) in 1993,which decreased to 973±70 km^(2) in 2019.The mean rate of glacier area loss was higher in the recent decade(2010-2019),at 0.036 km^(2),compared to previous decades(0.029 km^(2) in 2000-2010 and 0.025 km^(2) in 1993-2000).Supraglacial debris cover changes are also mapped over the period of 1993 and 2019.It is found that the supraglacial debris cover increased by 14.12±2.54 km^(2)(15.2%)during 1993-2019.Extensive field surveys on Chhota Shigri,Panchi II,Patsio,Hamtah,Mulkila,and Yoche Lungpa glaciers were carried out to validate the glacier outlines and supraglacial debris cover estimated using satellite datasets.Controls of various morphological parameters on retreat were also analyzed.It is observed that small,clean ice,south oriented glaciers,and glaciers with proglacial lakes are losing area at faster rates than other glaciers in the basin.

Characteristics of the microbial communities regulate soil multi-functionality under different cover crop amendments in Ultisol

The use of cover crops is a promising strategy for influencing the soil microbial consortium,which is essential for the delivery of multiple soil functions(i.e.,soil multifunctionality).Nonetheless,relatively little is known about the role of the soil microbial consortium in mediating soil multifunctionality under different cover crop amendments in dryland Ultisols.Here,we assessed the multifunctionality of soils subjected to four cover crop amendments(control,non-amended treatment;RD,radish monoculture;HV,hairy vetch monoculture;and RDHV,radish-hairy vetch mixture),and we investigated the contributions of soil microbial richness,network complexity,and ecological clusters to soil multifunctionality.Our results demonstrated that cover crops whose chemical composition differed from that of the main plant crop promoted higher multifunctionality,and the radish-hairy vetch mixture rendered the highest enhancement.We obtained evidence that changes in soil microbial richness and network complexity triggered by the cover crops were associated with higher soil multifunctionality.Specifically,specialized microbes in a key ecological cluster(ecological cluster 2)of the soil microbial network were particularly important for maintaining soil multifunctionality.Our results highlight the importance of cover crop-induced variations in functionally important taxa for promoting the soil multifunctionality of dryland Ultisols.

Near-Surface Soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Cover Crops Over Time in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Typical row-crop agricultural practices can potentially be harmful to soil health and future sustainability. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil health on a wide scale remains underutilized. Soil health remains a major concern for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, therefore, research into CC implementation as a mean to preserve or improve soil health is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC on the soils in the eastern Arkansas portion of the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) over time for various chemical soil parameters, including pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil elemental contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil respiration, and a generalized soil health score index. Soil pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by −0.3 and −0.2, respectively. Soil OM decreased over time under NCC by −0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. Soil N availability decreased over time under NCC (−22.6 kg·ha−1), but did not change over time under CC. Soil respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by −76.1 mg·L−1 and −77.3 mg·L−1, respectively, though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil health score index decreased under CC (−7.0) and NCC (−6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Results of the study place emphasis on the temporal nature of soil health as influenced by cover crops and their potential to improve soil health.

Assessment of vegetation cover changes and the contributing factors in the Al-Ahsa Oasis using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)

The abandonment of date palm grove of the former Al-Ahsa Oasis in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia has resulted in the conversion of delicate agricultural area into urban area.The current state of the oasis is influenced by both expansion and degradation factors.Therefore,it is important to study the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation cover for the sustainable management of oasis resources.This study used Landsat satellite images in 1987,2002,and 2021 to monitor the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation cover in the Al-Ahsa Oasis,applied multi-temporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data spanning from 1987 to 2021 to assess environmental and spatiotemporal variations that have occurred in the Al-Ahsa Oasis,and investigated the factors influencing these variation.This study reveals that there is a significant improvement in the ecological environment of the oasis during 1987–2021,with increase of NDVI values being higher than 0.10.In 2021,the highest NDVI value is generally above 0.70,while the lowest value remains largely unchanged.However,there is a remarkable increase in NDVI values between 0.20 and 0.30.The area of low NDVI values(0.00–0.20)has remained almost stable,but the region with high NDVI values(above 0.70)expands during 1987–2021.Furthermore,this study finds that in 1987–2002,the increase of vegetation cover is most notable in the northern region of the study area,whereas from 2002 to 2021,the increase of vegetation cover is mainly concentrated in the northern and southern regions of the study area.From 1987 to 2021,NDVI values exhibit the most pronounced variation,with a significant increase in the“green”zone(characterized by NDVI values exceeding 0.40),indicating a substantial enhancement in the ecological environment of the oasis.The NDVI classification is validated through 50 ground validation points in the study area,demonstrating a mean accuracy of 92.00%in the detection of vegetation cover.In general,both the user’s and producer’s accuracies of NDVI classification are extremely high in 1987,2002,and 2021.Finally,this study suggests that environmental authorities should strengthen their overall forestry project arrangements to combat sand encroachment and enhance the ecological environment of the Al-Ahsa Oasis.

Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover Considering Ecosystem Services for a Dense-Population Watershed Based on a Hybrid Dual-Subject Agent and Cellular Automaton Modeling Approach

Land use/land cover represents the interactive and comprehensive influences between human activities and natural conditions,leading to potential conflicts among natural and human-related issues as well as among stakeholders.This study introduced economic standards for farmers.A hybrid approach(CA-ABM)of cellular automaton(CA)and an agent-based model(ABM)was developed to effectively deal with social and land-use synergic issues to examine human–environment interactions and projections of land-use conversions for a humid basin in south China.Natural attributes and socioeconomic data were used to analyze land use/land cover and its drivers of change.The major modules of the CA-ABM are initialization,migration,assets,land suitability,and land-use change decisions.Empirical estimates of the factors influencing the urban land-use conversion probability were captured using parameters based on a spatial logistic regression(SLR)model.Simultaneously,multicriteria evaluation(MCE)and Markov models were introduced to obtain empirical estimates of the factors affecting the probability of ecological land conversion.An agent-based CA-SLR-MCE-Markov(ABCSMM)land-use conversion model was proposed to explore the impacts of policies on land-use conversion.This model can reproduce observed land-use patterns and provide links for forest transition and urban expansion to land-use decisions and ecosystem services.The results demonstrated land-use simulations under multi-policy scenarios,revealing the usefulness of the model for normative research on land-use management.

An Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes, and Implications for Conservation in Mukumbura (Ward 2), Mt Darwin, Zimbabwe, 2002-2022

Understanding trends of land use land cover (LULC) changes is important for biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning, and identifying the areas affected by change and designing sustainable solutions to reduce the changes. The study aims to evaluate and quantify the historical changes in land use and land cover in Mukumbura (Ward 2), Mt Darwin, Zimbabwe, from 2002 to 2022. The objective of the study was to analyse the LULC changes in Ward 2 (Mukumbura), Mt Darwin, Northern Zimbabwe, for a period of 20 years using geospatial techniques. Landsat satellite images were processed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and the supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was employed to generate LULC maps between 2002 and 2022 with a five (5) year interval, investigating the following variables, forest cover, barren land, water cover and the fields. Findings revealed a substantial reduction in forest cover by 38.8%, water bodies (wetlands, ponds, and rivers) declined by 55.6%, whilst fields (crop/agricultural fields) increased by 93.3% and the barren land cover increased by 26.3% from 2002 to 2022. These findings point to substantial changes in LULC over the observed years. LULC changes have resulted in habitat fragmentation, reduced biodiversity, and the disruption of ecosystem functions. The study concludes that if these deforestation trends, cultivation, and settlement land expansion continue, the ward will have limited indigenous fruit trees. Therefore, the causes for LULC changes must be controlled, sustainable forest resources use practiced, hence the need to domesticate the indigenous fruit trees in arborloo toilets.

Spatiotemporal evolution and future simulation of land use/land cover in the Turpan-Hami Basin,China

The Turpan-Hami(Tuha)Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,holds significant strategic importance as a key economic artery of the ancient Silk Road and the Belt and Road Initiative,necessitating a holistic understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of land use/land cover(LULC)to foster sustainable planning that is tailored to the region's unique resource endowments.However,existing LULC classification methods demonstrate inadequate accuracy,hindering effective regional planning.In this study,we established a two-level LULC classification system(8 primary types and 22 secondary types)for the Tuha Basin.By employing Landsat 5/7/8 imagery at 5-a intervals,we developed the LULC dataset of the Tuha Basin from 1990 to 2020,conducted the accuracy assessment and spatiotemporal evolution analysis,and simulated the future LULC under various scenarios via the Markov-Future Land Use Simulation(Markov-FLUS)model.The results revealed that the average overall accuracy values of our LULC dataset were 0.917 and 0.864 for the primary types and secondary types,respectively.Compared with the seven mainstream LULC products(GlobeLand30,Global 30-meter Land Cover with Fine Classification System(GLC_FCS30),Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover PLUS(FROM_GLC PLUS),ESA Global Land Cover(ESA_LC),Esri Land Cover(ESRI_LC),China Multi-Period Land Use Land Cover Change Remote Sensing Monitoring Dataset(CNLUCC),and China Annual Land Cover Dataset(CLCD))in 2020,our LULC data exhibited dramatically elevated overall accuracy and provided more precise delineations for land features,thereby yielding high-quality data backups for land resource analyses within the basin.In 2020,unused land(78.0%of the study area)and grassland(18.6%)were the dominant LULC types of the basin;although cropland and construction land constituted less than 1.0%of the total area,they played a vital role in arid land development and primarily situated within oases that form the urban cores of the cities of Turpan and Hami.Between 1990 and 2020,cropland and construction land exhibited a rapid expansion,and the total area of water body decreased yet resurging after 2015 due to an increase in areas of reservoir and pond.In future scenario simulations,significant increases in areas of construction land and cropland are anticipated under the business-as-usual scenario,whereas the wetland area will decrease,suggesting the need for ecological attention under this development pathway.In contrast,the economic development scenario underscores the fast-paced expansion of construction land,primarily from the conversion of unused land,highlighting the significant developmental potential of unused land with a slowing increase in cropland.Special attention should thus be directed toward ecological and cropland protection during development.This study provides data supports and policy recommendations for the sustainable development goals of Tuha Basin and other similar arid areas.

基于SPI-RRV指数中国气象干旱及其风险时空演变特征研究

为全面揭示变化环境下我国多维气象干旱特征,耦合气象干旱指数(SPI)和可靠性-回弹性-脆弱性(RRV)指数,提出了一种基于SPI-RRV指数的干旱风险评价方法,定量评价了中国气象干旱及其风险的时空演变特征。结果表明:SPI-RRV指数具有特征稳定和时空可比性强的特点,能够较为准确地评估气象干旱风险时空演变特征;南方平均干旱栅格比、干旱月占比和频次大于北方,湿润区和半湿润区干旱历时短、烈度大,半干旱区和干旱区干旱历时长、烈度相对较小;干旱高风险区转移具有显著年代际变化规律,空间上从西北向西南地区转移。

深部煤储层孔裂隙结构对煤层气赋存的影响-以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁-吉县区块为例

深部煤储层孔隙–裂缝结构对深部煤层气资源潜力评价和勘探开发具有重要意义。选取鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁–吉县区块DJ57井本溪组5个煤岩样品为研究对象,在煤岩煤质参数测试的基础上,采用气体吸附法、高压压汞法和微米CT扫描等测试手段,对深部煤储层中的纳米级孔隙-微米级裂缝进行多尺度定量表征,综合评价不同尺度的孔裂隙结构特征。再结合渗透率和甲烷等温吸附试验,探讨了微观孔裂隙对深部煤储层中煤层气的赋存和渗流的影响。研究结果表明:基于多种孔隙表征方法对深部煤储层孔裂隙进行多尺度定量表征,其孔裂隙体积分布类型主要以“U”型为主,呈现出微孔与微裂缝并存双峰态,主要集中在0.3~1.5 nm和>100μm的范围内。其中,微孔(<2 nm)、介孔(2~50 nm)、宏孔(50 nm~10μm)和微裂缝(>10μm)体积平均分别占总孔裂隙体积的80.18%,6.70%,1.65%和11.47%。随着微孔发育而吸附气量呈增大的趋势,微孔可以提供大量吸附点位,为深部煤层气的吸附和赋存提供场所。随着微裂缝发育而游离气量呈增大的趋势,微裂缝可以提供大量储集空间,为深部煤层气的富集提供空间条件。此外,微裂缝在三维空间中相互连通,形成网状结构,连通性强。随着微裂缝越发育,煤储层渗透率越大,微裂缝增强了煤层气的渗流能力。纳米级孔隙和微米级裂隙发育特征分别控制着深部煤层气吸附能力和开发潜力。

水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调及驱动力分析

为加深对我国水资源、能源、粮食、生态系统协同演变趋势的认识,构建水资源-能源-粮食-生态多维系统指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型对我国2005—2020年水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调度进行评价,并采用多因素归因分析法进行驱动力分析。结果表明:我国水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调度从2005年的0.55增长到2020年的0.84,各地区耦合协调度从勉强协调发展水平过渡到中级协调发展水平,各子系统对耦合协调度上升的驱动分别经历了由粮食子系统到生态子系统再到水资源子系统主导的过程;能源子系统的贡献率虽然比较小,但是未来可能是各地区提升水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统多维系统协调发展水平的突破口。

基于UPLC-QTOF-MS解析苦荞黄酮组成及药理学网络分析

为优化苦荞黄酮提取工艺并明确其具体成分结构和含量及药理作用,本研究以四川省凉山彝族自治州甘洛县优质苦荞为研究对象,对超声提取苦荞黄酮工艺进行了优化,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)对主要黄酮成分进行结构鉴定,并采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用仪对鉴定到的黄酮进行准确定量,同时利用中药系统药理学(TCMSP)系统分析其网络药理学特性。结果表明,超声辅助乙醇提取苦荞黄酮的最优条件为乙醇浓度90%(V/V)、超声功率140 W、超声温度70℃、超声时间60 min、提取溶剂与苦荞原料比50∶1(mL·g^(-1)),该条件下,提取液中共鉴定到黄酮16种,其中芦丁、表儿茶素和儿茶素含量分别达到115.81、72.99和23.08μg·mL^(-1)。这16种黄酮在防治心血管疾病、慢性炎症性疾病上具有重要作用。本研究可为苦荞精深加工综合利用尤其是功能性苦荞产品开发利用奠定基础。

基于HS-GC-IMS和HS-SPME-GC-MS的蛋白酶对豆粕挥发性风味的影响分析

为研究不同蛋白酶酶解对豆粕挥发性风味成分的影响,选用4种蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶)对豆粕进行酶解,采用顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy,HS-GC-IMS)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用技术分析不同豆粕酶解物(Soybean meal hydrolysates,SMH)的挥发性风味成分,并结合主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)、热图聚类和正交偏最小二乘判别法(Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)对不同SMH进行分析。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶酶解豆粕的挥发性风味成分存在较大差异。HS-GC-IMS鉴定出84种挥发性成分,筛选得到33种差异风味物质,发现酶解后酮类物质显著降低而醛类、醇类和酯类物质含量明显增加。PCA结果表明不同SMH之间的风味存在显著差异。最终通过OPLS-DA筛选出贡献较大的挥发性化合物,同时构建出可靠的用以鉴别SMH的模型。HS-SPME-GC-MS检测出103种差异风味物质,可用于区分不同SMH,被检出的挥发性组分中醛类、醇类和酮类等化合物为SMH风味的形成做出主要贡献,明晰了部分风味化合物形成的原因。PCA和聚类热图结果表明不同蛋白酶酶解对豆粕的挥发性风味物质的种类和含量有显著影响,其中,风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对豆粕的风味改善最为显著。

四川盆地“槽-隆”控制下的寒武系筇竹寺组页岩储层特征及其差异性成因

四川盆地寒武系筇竹寺组是继五峰组-龙马溪组后页岩气勘探开发的重要接替层位,目前在德阳-安岳裂陷槽中心和槽缘部署的Z201井和WY1井页岩气勘探取得良好效果,但裂陷槽内筇竹寺组页岩储层发育特征仍不清楚。以槽内中心Z201井和槽缘WY1井为重点,结合其他页岩气勘探开发资料,系统分析了研究区筇竹寺组页岩各小层矿物特征、有机地化特征、储层及储集空间特征、含气性特征。研究结果表明:①筇竹寺组可划分为8个小层,页岩整体以脆性矿物为主,总有机碳含量(TOC)普遍大于1%,为优质烃源岩,且槽内TOC高于槽缘,具备良好的生气条件。②筇竹寺组页岩有机孔与无机孔均发育,槽内孔隙发育更好,具有极高的含气量。1,3,5和7小层黑色页岩储层品质较好,5小层储层品质最优。③德阳-安岳裂陷槽控制了筇竹寺组页岩储层发育,槽内Z201井钻遇的筇竹寺组页岩储层优于槽缘WY1井。④乐山-龙女寺古隆起控制筇竹寺组页岩有机质演化程度,古隆起内筇竹寺组有机质热演化成熟度普遍低于古隆起外,隆起区适中的热演化程度具备大规模富气的条件。筇竹寺组页岩储层各项条件较好,是未来页岩气勘探开发的主要接替区域。

基于DEMATEL-ISM的水利工程EPC项目价值增值机理研究

采用设计-采购-施工(engineering-procurement-construction,EPC)总承包模式的水利工程项目日益增多,研究其价值增值机理有利于总承包方做好项目的价值管理。从水利工程EPC项目的价值链分析入手,基于文献和专家访谈得到23个价值增值影响因素。采用问卷调查方式得到各因素间的影响程度评分,用决策实验和评估实验(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)法计算了各因素的中心度和原因度,结合解释结构模型(interpretative structural modeling,ISM)对数据进行分析,将价值增值因素划分为6类,构建了水利工程EPC项目价值增值的递阶模型,探究和揭示了项目价值增值的路径和机理。研究结果对水利工程EPC总承包方制订管理策略有一定启示作用。

高速铁路主跨320 m钢-混部分斜拉桥无砟轨道适应性研究

南玉高铁六景郁江特大桥设计将钢-混部分斜拉桥结构引入时速350 km高速铁路领域,而300 m级以上大跨度桥上无砟轨道的竖向变形极易超限,影响列车通过的安全性和舒适性,因此,系统研究在此大跨桥梁结构上铺设无砟轨道的适应性十分必要。通过建立有限元及动力学模型,分析不同组合工况下无砟轨道结构的变形特点及动力特性,运用60 m弦测法探究各工况下无砟轨道的线形变化规律,从而确定大跨度钢-混部分斜拉桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,并对设计和施工提出合理化建议。主要结论如下:在各种不利组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道结构强度满足规范要求,列车通过大桥的各项安全性与舒适性指标均满足规范要求;混凝土收缩徐变和斜拉索升降温是影响无砟轨道线形标准的两大主因,应在无砟轨道施工前确保足够的沉降观测期和收缩徐变释放期,并充分考虑拉索的保温设计;在温度组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道的60 m弦测不平顺幅值为6.79 mm,满足高速铁路静态验收标准;但在叠加列车荷载和收缩徐变后,变形弦测值均出现Ⅱ级及以上超限,通过合理设置预拱度后可有效改善轨道平顺性标准。

蒙药协日嘎-4汤对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾保护作用及肾组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达

目的 探讨蒙药协日嘎-4汤对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾保护作用及可能的作用机制。方法 60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、协日嘎-4汤低、中、高剂量组等6组,每组10只。治疗8 w后观察各组24 h尿蛋白定量、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、C反应蛋白(CRP)及肾组织病理变化和单核细胞趋化(MCP)-1表达。结果 与模型组比较,阳性对照组和协日嘎-4汤低、中、高剂量组血清BUN、Scr、TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平和24 h尿蛋白定量均明显降低(P<0.05),协日嘎-4汤高剂量组更显著(P<0.01);各治疗组肾小管空泡变性、肾小球基底膜增厚及系膜增生改变明显减轻;肾组织MCP-1表达不同程度明显减少(P<0.05),协日嘎-4汤高剂量组更显著(P<0.01)。结论 蒙药协日嘎-4汤可通过下调DN大鼠肾组织MCP-1表达、降低炎症因子分泌,从而发挥肾脏保护作用。

基于“社-校-家-生”四维的大学生学业预警影响因素相关性分析——以安徽中医药大学中西医临床医学专业为例

通过回归分析探讨“社-校-家-生”四维影响因素对学业预警机制的相关性,对安徽中医药大学中西医临床医学专业的421名学生展开调研,采用主成分分析法,建立多因素回归分析模型。建立模型后,发现其中影响最大的五方面因素分别是家庭、课外活动、学习基础、人际关系、就业情况。其中,重要性分析中,父母最高文化水平、生活费/月、挂科数目、户籍所在地、担任班委、辅导员联系家长情况排序前六。通过对四维因素进行逐步回归分析与交互分析,发现对学业预警影响最为显著的为家庭因素和学校因素,且两者不存在交互关系。基于回归分析结果显示对学业成绩影响的主要因素为家庭因素、学校因素,其中家庭维度方面主要是生活费/月、户籍所在地起主要作用,与学业成绩呈负相关,学校维度层面主要是辅导员与家长的联系情况以及相关制度的制定与开展影响较大,与学业成绩呈正相关。

中国水-能-粮耦合系统协同安全发展战略研究

水是水-能-粮(WEF)耦合系统的核心要素,为保障国家粮食和能源安全,必须加强水资源管理,坚持水资源、能源和粮食协同安全发展。在系统总结国内外WEF耦合系统纽带关系研究进展、科学认识WEF基本内涵的基础上,分析了我国各省份水资源、能源、粮食开发利用过程中存在的问题,揭示当前WEF耦合系统发展面临的能源需求持续增长与能源安全结构性矛盾日益凸显、不稳定因素加剧粮食安全风险、资源不匹配带来水资源约束趋紧、高质量发展对水-能-粮-生提出更高要求四大挑战,围绕区域特点和高质量发展目标,针对性提出了区域可持续发展模式与策略。研究建议,在西北资源富集地区,通过“四水四定”、水权交易及调水工程缓解水资源短缺;在京津冀地下水超采区,优化粮食安全布局,强化水与能源协同调控;在东北粮食增产区,拓展粮食生产空间,保护水资源合理开发利用;在南方水资源丰沛区,深化农业供给侧结构性改革,统筹“水风光储”一体化开发,以期为实现绿色低碳的可持续发展路径提供科学支撑与决策参考。