With common borders of the population, total area, and GDP （PPP-based） of Economic Cooperation Organization （ECO） member states are estimated as 416 million persons, 7.9 million m2, and US$2.7 trillion respective...With common borders of the population, total area, and GDP （PPP-based） of Economic Cooperation Organization （ECO） member states are estimated as 416 million persons, 7.9 million m2, and US$2.7 trillion respectively （2010 data）. Although heterogeneous in the extent, there is economic development, overall, with serious energy and transport-transit relations among countries that is reflected in growing trade turnover year-by-year. However, there are still rather unused resources and capacity in such areas of cooperation among countries as exchange of energy, transport services, agricultural and industrial goods, use of opportunities for tourism, promoting investment and innovation processes and other areas. Certainly, maximum and optimal use of these resources calls for availability of analytical means capable of accounting for relations both within member states and among them. The implementation of computable general equilibrium （CGE） modeling in each member state would thus be of great significance in resolution of these problems both in terms of accounting for input-output linkages within the countries as well as enabling impact of main trading partners and goods and services among countries. The analysis carried out indicates that there are a number of problems in application of CGE model in most of the member states. As such, input-output tables are not compiled in some countries, while in others despite the fact that these tables are compiled, there are no attempts to build the model, yet in other countries, even if the CGE model is implemented, there are difficulties in taking into account the real results in the face of serious problems related to improving national accounts system database. Summarizing these problems, it is possible to conclude that to ensure the application of a CGE model,there is a great need to work out procedures of compilation of a social accounts matrix （SAM） that lies on the basis of this model, for which the relevant statistics of a member state must be improved. Considering the above-mentioned, the presented research, makes procedures and proposals on compilation of SAM, improves statistical data for researching the extent of application of CGE Model in ECO member states, and identifies the degree of availability and organization of relevant data to develop input-output tables and respective SAM.展开更多
Links between institutional sectors and economic activities with National Accounting System of Mexico are studied used accounting multipliers. Key sectors had changed to strategic or leading as oil and gas extraction ...Links between institutional sectors and economic activities with National Accounting System of Mexico are studied used accounting multipliers. Key sectors had changed to strategic or leading as oil and gas extraction and dairy product manufacturing, i.e., Mexico went from a producer of goods to a service provider country, losing value added in their production chains. The mixed income is leading/independent economic activity for woman whose income is between 1 and 5 minimum wages. This is really important in the domestic economy through its impact on solidarity activities： providing care and support and providing food. Moreover, non-financial corporations and households of 10 or more minimum wages for income investing in strategic sectors such as retail trade and wholesale and manufacturing products derived from oil and coal. This is evidence of two Mexicos： the traditional and industrialized.展开更多
随机cross entropy(Robinson et al.,2001)方法是目前用于平衡社会核算矩阵的最主流方法,本文综合其与GRAS(Lenzen et al.,2007)方法的思想,扩展提出了SG-CE(stochastic generalized CE)与SG-RAS方法,避免了原始CE方法在平衡SAM时需要...随机cross entropy(Robinson et al.,2001)方法是目前用于平衡社会核算矩阵的最主流方法,本文综合其与GRAS(Lenzen et al.,2007)方法的思想,扩展提出了SG-CE(stochastic generalized CE)与SG-RAS方法,避免了原始CE方法在平衡SAM时需要对负值元素进行预处理的步骤,试图改进由此引致的缺陷并提高平衡SAM质量。在此基础上,本文运用SG-RAS、SG-CE、CE以及国内常用的余量法对中国2007年SAM进行了平衡,实证结果的对比表明:在平衡系数SAM时,SG-RAS优势非常明显;而平衡流量SAM时,除SG-RAS之外,余量法也具较好表现;但无论是平衡系数还是流量SAM,SG-CE的效果只能说差强人意,原始CE方法更差。展开更多
文摘With common borders of the population, total area, and GDP （PPP-based） of Economic Cooperation Organization （ECO） member states are estimated as 416 million persons, 7.9 million m2, and US$2.7 trillion respectively （2010 data）. Although heterogeneous in the extent, there is economic development, overall, with serious energy and transport-transit relations among countries that is reflected in growing trade turnover year-by-year. However, there are still rather unused resources and capacity in such areas of cooperation among countries as exchange of energy, transport services, agricultural and industrial goods, use of opportunities for tourism, promoting investment and innovation processes and other areas. Certainly, maximum and optimal use of these resources calls for availability of analytical means capable of accounting for relations both within member states and among them. The implementation of computable general equilibrium （CGE） modeling in each member state would thus be of great significance in resolution of these problems both in terms of accounting for input-output linkages within the countries as well as enabling impact of main trading partners and goods and services among countries. The analysis carried out indicates that there are a number of problems in application of CGE model in most of the member states. As such, input-output tables are not compiled in some countries, while in others despite the fact that these tables are compiled, there are no attempts to build the model, yet in other countries, even if the CGE model is implemented, there are difficulties in taking into account the real results in the face of serious problems related to improving national accounts system database. Summarizing these problems, it is possible to conclude that to ensure the application of a CGE model,there is a great need to work out procedures of compilation of a social accounts matrix （SAM） that lies on the basis of this model, for which the relevant statistics of a member state must be improved. Considering the above-mentioned, the presented research, makes procedures and proposals on compilation of SAM, improves statistical data for researching the extent of application of CGE Model in ECO member states, and identifies the degree of availability and organization of relevant data to develop input-output tables and respective SAM.
文摘Links between institutional sectors and economic activities with National Accounting System of Mexico are studied used accounting multipliers. Key sectors had changed to strategic or leading as oil and gas extraction and dairy product manufacturing, i.e., Mexico went from a producer of goods to a service provider country, losing value added in their production chains. The mixed income is leading/independent economic activity for woman whose income is between 1 and 5 minimum wages. This is really important in the domestic economy through its impact on solidarity activities： providing care and support and providing food. Moreover, non-financial corporations and households of 10 or more minimum wages for income investing in strategic sectors such as retail trade and wholesale and manufacturing products derived from oil and coal. This is evidence of two Mexicos： the traditional and industrialized.
文摘随机cross entropy(Robinson et al.,2001)方法是目前用于平衡社会核算矩阵的最主流方法,本文综合其与GRAS(Lenzen et al.,2007)方法的思想,扩展提出了SG-CE(stochastic generalized CE)与SG-RAS方法,避免了原始CE方法在平衡SAM时需要对负值元素进行预处理的步骤,试图改进由此引致的缺陷并提高平衡SAM质量。在此基础上,本文运用SG-RAS、SG-CE、CE以及国内常用的余量法对中国2007年SAM进行了平衡,实证结果的对比表明:在平衡系数SAM时,SG-RAS优势非常明显;而平衡流量SAM时,除SG-RAS之外,余量法也具较好表现;但无论是平衡系数还是流量SAM,SG-CE的效果只能说差强人意,原始CE方法更差。
