Influence of social capital on the livelihood strategies of farmers under China's rural revitalization strategy in poor mountain areas: A case study of the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture

Social capital in the form of social resources or social networks is one of the most important livelihood capital of farmers, which can increase the labor productivity of poor households and increase income. It is important to explore the reasons underlying the livelihood strategy choices of farmers from the perspective of social capital under China’s rural revitalization strategy. In this study, the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, a povertystricken mountainous area in southwestern China, was selected as the case study area, and multivariable linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of social capital on livelihood strategies.The results are as follows:(1) Individual social capital had a positive effect on non-agricultural livelihood strategies. On average, with a one-unit increase in individual social capital, the ratio of farmers’ nonagricultural income to total productive income(Income_Rto) increased by 0.002% and 0.062%,respectively. Collective social capital, with the Peasant Economic Cooperation Organization(PECO) as the carrier, had a negative effect on the non-agricultural livelihood strategies of farmers;on average, with a oneunit increase in PECO, Income_Rto decreased by approximately 0.053%. However, this effect was only significant in the river valley area.(2) The income differences among the different livelihood strategy types were explained by the livelihood strategy choices of farmers. As non-agricultural work can bring more benefits, the labor force exhibited one-way migration from villages to cities, resulting in a lack of the subject of rural revitalization. It is necessary to implement effective measures to highlight the role of PECO in increasing agricultural income for farmers. Finally,based on the above conclusions,policy recommendations with respect to livelihood transformation of farmers and rural sustainable development are discussed.

Research on The Social Assistance of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas under The Policy of Precise Poverty Alleviation

With the development of economy, a large number of surplus labor force in rural areas has been transferred to cities, resulting in the increasing number of left-behind children in rural areas. Left-behind children are in a critical period of ideological enlightenment, accepting obligation education, outlook on life and world outlook, and the absence of parental care and education has a negative impact on their growth. It is an important problem to solve this problem in every aspect of society.

Laboratory Life:Twenty Years of Experimental Research with Locals and New Comers in Remote Rural Areas

Through the Latour concept of philosophy of science of laboratory life,the life course of a(geo)ethnographer researcher is analyzed,in order to establish the emotional or more personal dimensions that do not usually appear in research papers,but that have notable relevance in qualitative research.The text is structured in three large parts:A conceptual vision of the new experimental geography;the experimental geo-ethnography in old social,new social and place scenarios;and finally,the most personal and emotional dimension of the research.The first part establishes the geo-ethnographic experimental context and the assumptions in fieldwork,in addition to the geo-ethnographic reconciliation process.In the second part,the main qualitative research problems related to mobility,resistance and dynamics in place are established.Finally,in the third part the research perceptions,the personal experiences,and the emotional dimension of the research in remote rural areas are established.The laboratory life of a researcher,allows one to establish scalar conclusions and rigor in qualitative research.

Christian Faith Rush in Rural Areas and Social Work Intervention

To make the public have rational knowledge of the Christian faith rush in rural areas and guide coordinated development of Christianity with the socialist society, we analyzed reasons and complex influence on rural social development from aspects of society and individual and attraction of Christianity by the Literature Analysis Method. In view of its negative effect, we put forward several countermeasures from the perspective of social work intervention, such as improving farmers' overall qualities, promoting effective implementation of social security system, and correcting believers' understanding of Christianity. Finally, we introduced situation of Christian faith in other countries and reference and directive significance to China.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Factors that Affect Social Stability of Rural Areas in Ganzi District

Through the sample investigation of Kangding County, Daofu County, Luhuo County and Xiangcheng County in Sichuan Province in 2010 and by combining the quantitative and qualitative methods, various kinds of indexes from the aspects of society, politics, economy and values in Ganzi District are analyzed, as well as the factors that affect the rural social stability of current Ganzi District area. The results show that rural areas of Ganzi District are stable on the whole, but the economic development level is backward; the social security measures are imperfect; disputes among rural residents still exist and most of them are economic disputes; the disputes among ethnics are mainly caused by religious belief; the autonomous situation of partial rural residents are bad and rural residents' evaluation on social justice is low. Therefore, it should establish and perfect relevant prevention and control mechanism.

The Constitution of Authority:the Past and Present of the Governance Order in Rural Areas

How should the rural governance order be reconstructed centered on the new authority elements after the collapse of traditional rural governance order with the core of family authority, gentry authority and regime? This is a major problem in the construction of new rural areas of contemporary China. This paper attempts to present a historical picture of the inversely proportional relationship between elements like regime, family authority, gentry authority, financial power, political power, civil rights, and so on, based on review of the change path of rural area governance order tracing back to traditional period, the period of the Republic of China, years before the founding of new China as well as period after reform and opening up. It is believed that"innovations"and"heritages"of traditions must be investigated in the transformation process for the rebuilding of a set of stable and reasonable governance order for rural areas, instead of cutting facts by a certain theory or design. In addition, the actual weight of every authority element in social structure and order in people’s mind should be faced up with, which should be integrated with"regulation"and"virtue".

A Survey on English Reading Status of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas of Northern China

Taking Suining County in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu province as the survey subject,this paper is to study the current English reading situation of the left-behind children based on a questionnaire survey of 472 respondents from 4 primary and middle schools in rural areas.The result indicated that there are serious problems in the current situation of English reading among left-behind children in rural areas,which are as follows:insufficient reading time and books,few access to having books,increased digital reading,many reading disabilities,poor reading environment,etc.This paper analyzes the reasons and gives corresponding countermeasures for society,school and family,to improve the English reading condition of rural left-behind children and to better promote their reading ability and habits.It also provides the reference for narrowing the disparity gap of reading resources services between urban and rural China.

A Quantitative Approach to Analyse Rural Population and Development in Some African and Southern-Central American Countries over 10 Years

In developing countries, the emigration from rural territories to urban areas has brought about some negative impacts strictly associated to a lack of services a drop of ecological sustainability and environment protection with the consequence to worsen the marginalization of these territories. In the world, more than 50% of poverty is located in rural areas and the most incidence of it is in Sub-Saharan African countries; in Latin American nations, instead, the most percentage of poverty is located in urban areas. The aim of this research was to estimate, by a multiple regression model, in 46 countries of Africa and in 23 nations of Souther-Central America, which socio-economic variables were able to play a fundamental role on the rural population and on the development of rural areas in 2000 and 2010 using some statistical data published in the FAO Statistic book. In analysed African countries there has been an increase of people living in the rural space and a growth by 21% of agricultural Gross Domestic Product （GDP）. In Southern and Central American nations, there has been a meaningful emigration from rural territories due to an expansion of commercial flows and per capita income in rich areas, thus people have decided to move from the rural territories to the urban territories, worsening the poverty and living conditions in the countryside.

Relationships and Evolving Networks of Rural Manufacturing Clusters: A Case Study in Yucheng County, Henan Province of China

The evolution of networks in rural industrial clusters,in particular in the context of China has been paid more attention to in the world.Applying the theory and techniques of social network analysis (SNA),this study is with particular regard to the business network relationships and their evolutionary dynamics of steel measuring tape manufacturing clustered in Nanzhuang Village,Yucheng County of Henan Province,China,which is important for better understanding the industrial and regional development in less developed rural areas.From data collected by comprehensive questionnaire survey in 2002 and mass interviews with 60 enterprises and assembling families and several government authorities in 2002,2003,2004,2005 and 2008,four types of networks are identified: spin-off,consulting,communication and cooperative.The characteristic of these networks is outlined in detail.Compared with the high-tech clusters of typical developed areas,the networks that have evolved in traditional manufacturing clusters are more affected by emotive linkages.The cluster networks are shown to exhibit a polycentric hierarchical structure.The family relationships are the dominate spin-off channels of enterprises,while the supply and demand relationships and the mobility of the skilled workers are also important paths of network learning,and the cooperation relationships are comparatively stable.Besides the root enterprises,the middle-sized enterprises are comparatively more active than small-sized enterprises,and the intermediary agencies and the service institutions act as bridges of the inter-enterprises cooperation.By analysis of the structure of networks and the interactions between the networks,the four stages of network evolution are also identified.The four stages are dominated by the family networks,the internal division production networks,the local innovation networks and the global supply networks respectively,and they play different roles in cluster development.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

Look from the empty nester problem of urban and rural dual structure of society

More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.

过去20年城乡高中生的教育效用与教育志向:基于三个出生队列的历史比较研究

本研究采用时间滞后设计,考察过去20年我国高中生教育效用和教育志向水平的年代和城乡差异,以及二者与个体学业成绩、父母学历之间关系的年代和城乡差异。分别在1999年、2010年、2018年对来自相同的三个地区(包括城市和农村)、相同学校的高中生进行问卷调查,使用协方差分析和回归分析进行数据分析。结果发现:(1)自1999年至2018年,城乡高中生的教育效用都遵循先下降、后回升的变化趋势;在教育志向上,城市高中生无明显变化,而农村高中生教育志向上升并超越城市高中生;(2)高中生教育效用、教育志向受父母学历和学业成绩等微观因素影响,且受年代和城乡宏观社会历史因素调节。相比于其他年份,2010年时成绩较差学生的教育效用更低、2018年时成绩较差学生的教育志向更高;自1999年至2018年,低父母学历对农村高中生教育志向的影响方式由“枷锁效应”转变为“鞭策效应”。我国过去20年的社会变迁使城乡高中生对教育的价值认同发生系统性变化,且宏观社会历史因素的演变改变了教育的价值认同形成的微观机制。

乡村旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力演化差异及影响机理——基于长三角核心-边缘区比较实证

基于适应性循环理论和核心-边缘理论,利用集对分析法、向量自回归、系统动力学仿真等多元集成方法,对比分析核心-边缘区乡村旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力演化机理和路径差异。研究发现:①旅游业能够推动核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力一体化均衡发展,恢复力差距呈逐渐缩小趋势。②核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力系统内部复杂交互、协同有序发展。社会、经济和生态子系统互为非线性动态因果关系,在此非线性复杂自组织力作用下子系统之间的耦合协调度呈良好发展趋势。③通过复杂系统多情景模拟,核心区乡村旅游地发展路径以协调发展型或生态保护型为主,边缘区以旅游优先型为主。④驱动核心-边缘区乡村旅游地恢复力演化的要素系统具有差异性。在系统层面,生态系统对核心区影响程度最高,社会系统对边缘区的影响程度最高;在因素层面,生态因素是影响核心-边缘区乡村旅游地的共同要素,核心区能够通过生态修复提升生态韧性,边缘区能够利用生态优势转化为发展优势,进而均能显著提升乡村旅游地恢复力。

外源内生型社会组织参与农村社会治理何以可能?

社会组织参与农村社会治理有助于提升社会治理效能,契合了国家推动社会组织积极参与乡村振兴的要求。与外源型和内生型社会组织不同,外源内生型社会组织主要由村庄外部主体动员成立,由村内精英运行,具有参与农村社会治理的优势,但因缺乏外部资源的持续性输入,导致很多外源内生型社会组织运行困难。本文以运行较好的一个外源内生型社会组织陕西省T村老年协会为个案,探讨外源内生型社会组织参与农村社会治理的机理。研究发现,通过一定的组织行为,外源内生型社会组织可以形成参与农村社会治理的各项机制,如与其他治理组织互相嵌入的组织机制,政府资助、社会捐赠与用者付费相结合的多元化筹资机制,定期活动串联重塑村庄节奏的链接机制,规范活动程序与采取预防措施的风险防范机制,以声誉、信任和互惠为关键因素巩固集体行动领导力的领导机制,从而保障外源内生型社会组织有效参与农村社会治理,助力乡村振兴。

乡村振兴背景下社会工作参与农村社区治理的路径探究

乡村振兴的实现是中国现代化进程中的关键环节。农村社区的治理不只是社会治理结构中最基础的部分,同时也是构成国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的关键支柱。党的十八大以来,党中央对我国农村社区治理问题高度重视,提出许多新观点和新思路。社会工作在推动农村社区治理、促进乡村振兴的过程中起着不可替代的作用。该文探讨在乡村振兴的背景下,社会工作参与农村社区治理的可行性、困境、提升策略等问题,期望进一步增强农村社区的治理能力,确保农村社区治理的高效性,并最终达到农村社区的良好治理目标。

冀南解放区农村社会教育研究——以《冀南日报》为中心

解放战争时期,中国共产党在冀南解放区进行的农村社会教育活动,以《冀南日报》为教育宣传媒介,通过冬学、民校、识字班、广播台与黑板报等组织形式开展教育工作,旨在对民众的政治觉悟、生产技能与文化生活等方面发挥其作用。冀南农村的社会教育实践,不仅提高了民众的思想文化水平,而且开创了新的社会风气,推动了解放区各项事业的进程。因此,以冀南农村社会教育为研究个案,可揭示出中国共产党在解放区基层乡村文化教育方面的理论优势,并为当代农村教育事业提供历史借鉴。

社会感知数据表征下的历史文化街区地方感变迁——以南锣鼓巷(2008—2022年)为例

以北京南锣鼓巷历史文化街区近15年的变迁实践为研究对象,根据2008—2022年社会感知网络数据特征,分析其地方感变化的阶段性差异,以此构建南锣鼓巷地方感变迁的概念模型。首先,建立历史文化街区评价专属词库,基于扎根理论,从专属词库的文本中编码获得地方感的3个维度:地方认知、地方依赖和地方认同,通过对历年高频词主类目占比变化曲线、突现词特点、相关语义网络和南锣鼓巷商业业态占比等数据分析,结合社会生态系统适应性循环理论,提取特征差异明显的4个阶段:2008—2009年的稳定期、2010—2014年的生长期、2015—2018年的重构期以及2019—2022年的调整期。最后从资本的角度对历史文化街区的地方感变迁进行分析,指出经济资本需要综合社会资本与文化资本才能更好地适应发展,在循环中维持动态平衡。

“双一流”畜牧学科大学生新时代“三下乡”社会实践教学改革

大学生“三下乡”以青春之力助力乡村实践是中国当代农业高校大学生专业素质培养和育人教育与时俱进的重要载体。在乡村振兴大背景下,农业高校在校大学生是乡村发展过程中重要的劳动参与者与知识传递者。本文以东北农业大学“双一流”建设畜牧学科大学生“三下乡”助农实践小队实践过程为例,对实践过程中出现的问题进行总结和剖析、寻找解决方案。以“实践内容创新、实践总结全面、实践分析透彻、实践意义重大”为实践理念,充分发挥社会实践的作用。通过以小见大,以点引面,总结当前“三下乡”活动中的创新和不足,提高“三下乡”社会实践的可行性与创新性,为今后的大学生乡村振兴“三下乡”社会实践提供经验,更好地服务乡村发展,培养肩负重任的社会人才。

新时代农村重大社会风险治理的动员机制与生成逻辑

社会动员能够在短期内最大程度上整合治理资源,成为中国应对复杂问题的重要方式。农村重大社会风险治理关键在于形成强有力的社会动员机制。新时代农村重大社会风险治理实践中,动员网络、动员方式、主体互动机制都呈现诸多新变化,既发挥党组织的组织优势,又发挥政府的专业化优势,同时根据治理情境变化,能动性调整动员策略,最大程度激活体制内外各种力量参与,是党政统合的社会整合动员机制。党政统合的社会整合动员机制有其内生逻辑,它是执政党基因、公共权力基因、公益基因、社会责任基因等多元基因融合的结果,是新时代中国特色社会主义社会动员机制的新呈现。