The robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial hete...The robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of social and economic environment of land uses (SEELU). RPCA supplies one of the most efficient methods to derive the most important components or factors affecting the regional difference of the social and economic environment. According to the spatial distributions of the levels of SEELU,the total land resources of China were divided into eight zones numbered by Ⅰ to Ⅷ which spatially referred to the eight levels of SEELU.展开更多
With the rise and development of major types of platforms,the competition for resources has become extremely fierce,and the market share of C2C platforms has been seriously threatened by the loss of resources.Therefor...With the rise and development of major types of platforms,the competition for resources has become extremely fierce,and the market share of C2C platforms has been seriously threatened by the loss of resources.Therefore,building and maintaining buyers’satisfaction and loyalty to C2C platforms is critical to the survival and sustainability of C2C platforms in China.However,the current knowledge on how platform satisfaction and loyalty are constructed in the C2C e-commerce environment is incomplete.In this study,seller-based satisfaction and platform-based satisfaction are constructed separately.We further distinguish seller-based transaction satisfaction into economic and social satisfaction and explore their antecedents and consequences.To test our research hypotheses,we conduct a survey and collect data from a real online market(Taobao website).The results show that seller-based transaction satisfaction positively affects platform-based overall satisfaction and loyalty,and that perceived product quality,perceived assurance,and perceived price fairness all have a significant effect on economic satisfaction,whereas perceived relationship quality and perceived empathy significantly influence social satisfaction.These findings help us understand the literature related to customer satisfaction in the context of C2C in China and provide inspiration for online sellers and platforms.展开更多
In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban sustainability.Our analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously eval...In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban sustainability.Our analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island effect.The evaluation of pavement types and variables influencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our research.Which serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable practices.By highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within thefield,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural advancements.This review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.展开更多
The study was conducted to assess the effects of small-scale (artisanal) gold mining and its social and economic implications on the people in Amansie West District of Ghana. The artisanal gold mining communities were...The study was conducted to assess the effects of small-scale (artisanal) gold mining and its social and economic implications on the people in Amansie West District of Ghana. The artisanal gold mining communities were studied using secondary data from scholarly articles and journals, books, conference papers, research reports, policy documents, working papers, and briefs. Descriptive and systematic analyses were conducted. The result indicated that youth aged between 21 - 30 were most likely to engage in illegal mining operations in the selected study areas. The study revealed that farmland had been destroyed, making farming difficult for the inhabitants. It is evident from the review that dug-out pits from mining serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes and death traps for humans. The study, therefore, accentuates the need for illegal small-scale gold mining to be formalised and strategic interventions and policies proposed for the protection of Ghana’s Natural resources. Furthermore, community members should be involved in policy-making and environmental protection issues to help control the menace of landscape destruction. Although the ban on illegal gold mining activity by the government has caused more people to lose their jobs leading to livelihood challenges in mining communities, it is a step in the right direction, as the ban seeks to halt and check the illegal small-scale mining sector. The study recommended alternative livelihood and income-generating projects such as beekeeping, mushroom culture, grasscutter rearing, and agroforestry technologies including the growth of economic fruit trees as alternative livelihood ventures.展开更多
The research analyzed social and economic development around Chao Lake as well as changes of water quality in Chao Lake and explored the relation- ships of local population and GDP with water chemical oxygen demand (...The research analyzed social and economic development around Chao Lake as well as changes of water quality in Chao Lake and explored the relation- ships of local population and GDP with water chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll and eutrophication index. The re- sults showed that population around Chao Lake and GDP kept growing from 2001 to 2013, and water quality was improving. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that except of water eutrophication, GDP and population showed inverse correlation with other indices, demonstrating that water quality has been effectively controlled in Chao Lake recently.展开更多
Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin are the four core cities which play an essential role in terms of promoting the economic development in Northeast China. In this paper, the impact of urban agglomeration on labor...Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin are the four core cities which play an essential role in terms of promoting the economic development in Northeast China. In this paper, the impact of urban agglomeration on labor productivity is explored by making comparisons among these four cities. The model used for analysis is a classical model derived from previous studies. Some indicators, such as population density and economic density, were selected to examine the impact of urban agglomeration on the labor productivity based on the time-series data for the four cities from 1990 to 2007. The four main conclusions are: l) The promotion from the growth rate of population density on the growth rate of labor productivity is limited. 2) The negative relationship exists between the growth rate of employment density and the growth rate of labor productivity. 3) Agglomeration effect exists in the four cities, the highest one is Dalian, Shenyang takes the second place, followed by Changchun and Harbin, and the predominant promotion exerted on the labor productivity is the output density.展开更多
In 1994, the total Chinese population in the United States were 2,017,799 which were 0.8 percent of the total US population. The Chinese population were highly concentrated by regions and among the total population. B...In 1994, the total Chinese population in the United States were 2,017,799 which were 0.8 percent of the total US population. The Chinese population were highly concentrated by regions and among the total population. By states, 42 percent of total Chinese population were found in California, 17 percent in New York. More than 80 percent total Chinese population were concentrated in 9 states. By metropolitan areas, 14.73 percent of total Chinese population were found in Los Angeles and New York respectively. Compared with the total US population, 60 percent Chinese population were found in less than 20 percent total US population and 80 percent in 50 percent. By studying the Chinese population distribution and the reason behind it, we hope to find some interesting relationships among the characteristics of this distribution and the historical, cultural, social and economic factors influencing it.展开更多
In 1998, facing the complicated and severe domestic and internationaleconomic environment, people of all nationalities, under the correct lead-ership of the Central Party Committee and the State Council, implement-ed ...In 1998, facing the complicated and severe domestic and internationaleconomic environment, people of all nationalities, under the correct lead-ership of the Central Party Committee and the State Council, implement-ed a series of policies aiming at increasing input and expanding domesticdemand. Difficulties brought about by the Asian financial crisis and dev-astating flooding were overcome, various reforms were further deepened,and economic growth was promoted, resulting in great achievements at-tracting worldwide attention.展开更多
China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the...China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels.展开更多
The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success w...The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader's attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called "socialist market economy" to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China's economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities' pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China's economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.展开更多
There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper po...There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. The paper also suggests that e-Government encompasses more than just technology, that is, attempts to highlight the social and economic implications of changes that have occurred in recent years as a result of the transparency and accountability of government and how software usage can influence digital inclusion, trust and privacy and possible strategies to eliminate the digital divide by encouraging greater public and commercial use and re-use of government information through putting govermnent data on the Web. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line govemment services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens' participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. Although e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries such as the US, UK, Japan, most of the European countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa which have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals it also leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government and also, institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developed and developing countries. Drawing on organizational decision-making research and following the explorative and grounded based research approach the findings of this research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government and asymmetry in institutionalization and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skill fully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, Openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by both developed and developing countries.展开更多
With the rapid growth in length of expressway, there is a Closer relation between expressway and social and economic development. Through detailed statistics and data, the paper explains the relationship of expressway...With the rapid growth in length of expressway, there is a Closer relation between expressway and social and economic development. Through detailed statistics and data, the paper explains the relationship of expressway and social and economic development, and analyzes the influence on social and economic development.展开更多
On July 4 2002, a project attracting world attention, i.e., the West-East Gas Pipeline Project was declared in full-scale commencement. The project will write history with its enormous social and economic benefits.
The modem social security carries some elements of humanitarianism or social stability, but it is more an economic means. It can reduce overproduction, increase effective demand and facilitate the balance between the...The modem social security carries some elements of humanitarianism or social stability, but it is more an economic means. It can reduce overproduction, increase effective demand and facilitate the balance between the demand and supply, and prevent the frequent occurrence of economic crisis. All the creatures of the God are there for a reason. The amount of production is based on the amount of currency. But some parts of currency are transformed into savings, and savings cannot be turned into investment immediately. The entailing overproduction breaks the balance between the demand and supply, and results in economic crisis. In modem society, it is the social security or those "lazy bones" that represses and eliminates the overproduction, which can be expressed by the equation: Savings = Investment + Social security (consumption). In this way, the balance between the demand and supply is realized.and the social production and life can continue in a normal way.展开更多
Spurred by the world information tide, China has organized a series of information projects, called the "Three Gold" projects. Recently I had an interview with Mr. Hu Qili, Minister of Electronics Industry, ...Spurred by the world information tide, China has organized a series of information projects, called the "Three Gold" projects. Recently I had an interview with Mr. Hu Qili, Minister of Electronics Industry, about the establishment of China’s modern Electronic Information Industry. Mr. Hu told me that information is the mark of development of a modern society and electronics is the major means of carrying information. Establishing展开更多
基金Supported by the National Scientific Foundation of China(70873118 70821140353 )+4 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-YW-305-2 KZCX2-YW-326-1)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China ( 2006DFB919201 2008BAC43B012008BAK47B02)~~
文摘The robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of social and economic environment of land uses (SEELU). RPCA supplies one of the most efficient methods to derive the most important components or factors affecting the regional difference of the social and economic environment. According to the spatial distributions of the levels of SEELU,the total land resources of China were divided into eight zones numbered by Ⅰ to Ⅷ which spatially referred to the eight levels of SEELU.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1601401).
文摘With the rise and development of major types of platforms,the competition for resources has become extremely fierce,and the market share of C2C platforms has been seriously threatened by the loss of resources.Therefore,building and maintaining buyers’satisfaction and loyalty to C2C platforms is critical to the survival and sustainability of C2C platforms in China.However,the current knowledge on how platform satisfaction and loyalty are constructed in the C2C e-commerce environment is incomplete.In this study,seller-based satisfaction and platform-based satisfaction are constructed separately.We further distinguish seller-based transaction satisfaction into economic and social satisfaction and explore their antecedents and consequences.To test our research hypotheses,we conduct a survey and collect data from a real online market(Taobao website).The results show that seller-based transaction satisfaction positively affects platform-based overall satisfaction and loyalty,and that perceived product quality,perceived assurance,and perceived price fairness all have a significant effect on economic satisfaction,whereas perceived relationship quality and perceived empathy significantly influence social satisfaction.These findings help us understand the literature related to customer satisfaction in the context of C2C in China and provide inspiration for online sellers and platforms.
文摘In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban sustainability.Our analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island effect.The evaluation of pavement types and variables influencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our research.Which serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable practices.By highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within thefield,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural advancements.This review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.
文摘The study was conducted to assess the effects of small-scale (artisanal) gold mining and its social and economic implications on the people in Amansie West District of Ghana. The artisanal gold mining communities were studied using secondary data from scholarly articles and journals, books, conference papers, research reports, policy documents, working papers, and briefs. Descriptive and systematic analyses were conducted. The result indicated that youth aged between 21 - 30 were most likely to engage in illegal mining operations in the selected study areas. The study revealed that farmland had been destroyed, making farming difficult for the inhabitants. It is evident from the review that dug-out pits from mining serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes and death traps for humans. The study, therefore, accentuates the need for illegal small-scale gold mining to be formalised and strategic interventions and policies proposed for the protection of Ghana’s Natural resources. Furthermore, community members should be involved in policy-making and environmental protection issues to help control the menace of landscape destruction. Although the ban on illegal gold mining activity by the government has caused more people to lose their jobs leading to livelihood challenges in mining communities, it is a step in the right direction, as the ban seeks to halt and check the illegal small-scale mining sector. The study recommended alternative livelihood and income-generating projects such as beekeeping, mushroom culture, grasscutter rearing, and agroforestry technologies including the growth of economic fruit trees as alternative livelihood ventures.
基金Supported by Anhui Environmental Protection Scientific Research Program(2014-004)~~
文摘The research analyzed social and economic development around Chao Lake as well as changes of water quality in Chao Lake and explored the relation- ships of local population and GDP with water chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll and eutrophication index. The re- sults showed that population around Chao Lake and GDP kept growing from 2001 to 2013, and water quality was improving. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that except of water eutrophication, GDP and population showed inverse correlation with other indices, demonstrating that water quality has been effectively controlled in Chao Lake recently.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071088)National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 08BJY056)
文摘Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin are the four core cities which play an essential role in terms of promoting the economic development in Northeast China. In this paper, the impact of urban agglomeration on labor productivity is explored by making comparisons among these four cities. The model used for analysis is a classical model derived from previous studies. Some indicators, such as population density and economic density, were selected to examine the impact of urban agglomeration on the labor productivity based on the time-series data for the four cities from 1990 to 2007. The four main conclusions are: l) The promotion from the growth rate of population density on the growth rate of labor productivity is limited. 2) The negative relationship exists between the growth rate of employment density and the growth rate of labor productivity. 3) Agglomeration effect exists in the four cities, the highest one is Dalian, Shenyang takes the second place, followed by Changchun and Harbin, and the predominant promotion exerted on the labor productivity is the output density.
文摘In 1994, the total Chinese population in the United States were 2,017,799 which were 0.8 percent of the total US population. The Chinese population were highly concentrated by regions and among the total population. By states, 42 percent of total Chinese population were found in California, 17 percent in New York. More than 80 percent total Chinese population were concentrated in 9 states. By metropolitan areas, 14.73 percent of total Chinese population were found in Los Angeles and New York respectively. Compared with the total US population, 60 percent Chinese population were found in less than 20 percent total US population and 80 percent in 50 percent. By studying the Chinese population distribution and the reason behind it, we hope to find some interesting relationships among the characteristics of this distribution and the historical, cultural, social and economic factors influencing it.
文摘In 1998, facing the complicated and severe domestic and internationaleconomic environment, people of all nationalities, under the correct lead-ership of the Central Party Committee and the State Council, implement-ed a series of policies aiming at increasing input and expanding domesticdemand. Difficulties brought about by the Asian financial crisis and dev-astating flooding were overcome, various reforms were further deepened,and economic growth was promoted, resulting in great achievements at-tracting worldwide attention.
文摘China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels.
文摘The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader's attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called "socialist market economy" to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China's economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities' pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China's economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.
文摘There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. The paper also suggests that e-Government encompasses more than just technology, that is, attempts to highlight the social and economic implications of changes that have occurred in recent years as a result of the transparency and accountability of government and how software usage can influence digital inclusion, trust and privacy and possible strategies to eliminate the digital divide by encouraging greater public and commercial use and re-use of government information through putting govermnent data on the Web. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line govemment services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens' participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. Although e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries such as the US, UK, Japan, most of the European countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa which have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals it also leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government and also, institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developed and developing countries. Drawing on organizational decision-making research and following the explorative and grounded based research approach the findings of this research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government and asymmetry in institutionalization and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skill fully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, Openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by both developed and developing countries.
文摘With the rapid growth in length of expressway, there is a Closer relation between expressway and social and economic development. Through detailed statistics and data, the paper explains the relationship of expressway and social and economic development, and analyzes the influence on social and economic development.
文摘On July 4 2002, a project attracting world attention, i.e., the West-East Gas Pipeline Project was declared in full-scale commencement. The project will write history with its enormous social and economic benefits.
文摘The modem social security carries some elements of humanitarianism or social stability, but it is more an economic means. It can reduce overproduction, increase effective demand and facilitate the balance between the demand and supply, and prevent the frequent occurrence of economic crisis. All the creatures of the God are there for a reason. The amount of production is based on the amount of currency. But some parts of currency are transformed into savings, and savings cannot be turned into investment immediately. The entailing overproduction breaks the balance between the demand and supply, and results in economic crisis. In modem society, it is the social security or those "lazy bones" that represses and eliminates the overproduction, which can be expressed by the equation: Savings = Investment + Social security (consumption). In this way, the balance between the demand and supply is realized.and the social production and life can continue in a normal way.
文摘Spurred by the world information tide, China has organized a series of information projects, called the "Three Gold" projects. Recently I had an interview with Mr. Hu Qili, Minister of Electronics Industry, about the establishment of China’s modern Electronic Information Industry. Mr. Hu told me that information is the mark of development of a modern society and electronics is the major means of carrying information. Establishing