Analysis of the Exploration of Hematology Integration Education Model Guided by“Social Learning Theory”

Diseases of the blood system are highly complicated and involve many aspects.This article aimed to put forward the necessity of integrating quality and professional education,the necessity of learning logic,and the importance of establishing an integrated medical education model when teaching about blood system diseases.According to the requirements of the new medical science,this article puts forward the integration of an“online+offline+clinical”medical education mode based on the social learning theory and a learning evaluation mode based on medical literacy.The fundamental task of cultivating human beings into clinical medical talents with professional ethics,independent learning abilities,interpersonal communication abilities,complex problem-solving abilities,innovative consciousness,and critical thinking was implemented.This article aims to propose an improved construction plan to create a new and improved teaching system in medicine.

Social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults

This paper reviews empirical work on cognitive and social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of illness behavior associated with functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease. A particular emphasis is placed on randomized controlled trials, the majority of which are multi-modal in orientation, incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, social learning, and relaxation. Based on this review, we offer methodological and clinical suggestions: (1) Research investigations should include adequate sample sizes, long-term follow-up assessments, and a credible, active control group. (2) Standard gastrointestinal practice should include, when appropriate, learning opportunities for patients and family members, for example, instruction regarding the encouragement of wellness behavior.

Solutions to Rural College Students' Psychological Plight in Career Choice Based on Social Learning Theory:A Case Study of Northwest A&F University

The rural college students are facing psychological plight in their career choice.The social learning theory can use the triadic theory of learning to set reasonable career choice goals,the observational learning theory can be employed to establish a correct outlook on career choice,and the self-efficacy theory can be adopted to make up for the deficiencies in career choice.

Efficiency of Managers as Role Models:A Social Learning Theory Perspective

This systematic literature review aimed to analyze and synthesize studies that indicated the importance of behavioral observation in the organizational context.Based on Social Learning Theory and by considering relevant recent findings and theories,the impact of managers as role models for employees is researched and analyzed.The importance of this topic is to determine ways that learning and enhancing performance in the workplace can be applied for people management development.The literature for theory was numerous,however studies on the particular topic were limited and not expanded in the organizational context.The key message of this review is that the impact of managers and leaders can be positive and progressive both for the employees and for the organization.

Moral Infiltration in Junior High School English Class Based on Bandura's Social Learning Theory

In the process of education and teaching,teachers should not only impart systematic scientificknowledge to students,cultivating their ability to solve problems,but also seize the opportunity to permeate moraleducation among students.Junior high school students are in the stage of puberty,and great changes have taken placein their physiology and psychology.Teachers should serve as a guide on the aspect of their moral cognition,moraljudgment and moral behavior.English,as an important subject,plays an important role in middle school's education.Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the importance of self-efficacy and observation in students’learning.Itis a"good dose"for moral education in junior high school English class.Not only will it help teachers to improve thequality of English class teaching,but also improve students’moral qualities and overall development.

Application of Bandura's Social Learning Theory in the Moral Education of Secondary Vocational College Students

In recent years,with the high rate of juvenile delinquency,people pay more attention to the moral education of students in secondary vocational colleges.Based on the framework of social learning theory,this paper explores the systematic and comprehensive application of social learning theory in the moral education course.From the cognition of the behavior to the selection and internalization of the representation of the model behavior,and finally the selective extemalization of the representation symbol to generate the behavior,the influencing factors and their utility in each stage of the production of moral behavior are analyzed step by step,assisting students to establish correct outlook on life and values,and cultivating their"key abilities."When students face a complex and diverse social environment,they can make judgments in line with the general moral standards of the society,and then seek to improve the effectiveness of the moral standards of secondary vocational students,and strive to maximize the effectiveness of moral education.

Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in HPE.Our study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in HPE.Four key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational objectives.Methods:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of education.Additionally,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past decade.Key Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning strategies.By integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning communities.Careful consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within HPE.Conclusions:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational formats.Our literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology education.We advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of socialemotional skills in school-based prevention programs

Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.

Multi-UAV obstacle avoidance control via multi-objective social learning pigeon-inspired optimization

We propose multi-objective social learning pigeon-inspired optimization(MSLPIO)and apply it to obstacle avoidance for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation.In the algorithm,each pigeon learns from the better pigeon but not necessarily the global best one in the update process.A social learning factor is added to the map and compass operator and the landmark operator.In addition,a dimension-dependent parameter setting method is adopted to improve the blindness of parameter setting.We simulate the flight process of five UAVs in a complex obstacle environment.Results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.MSLPIO has better convergence performance compared with the improved multi-objective pigeon-inspired optimization and the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm.

Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

Determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manu­facture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing individual.Using video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if ob­servers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live demonstration.The goal of the cur­rent experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Tae­niopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to them.Here,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 colors.Those observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not prefer.After this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 colors.Although two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after view­ing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous experiment.Our results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demon­stration in tests of social learning.

EXPLORING THE VALUE OF INSTALLED BASE:PRICING INFORMATION GOODS UNDER VALUE DEPRECIATION AND CONSUMER SOCIAL LEARNING

While last decade has witnessed a rapid growth of digital economy, there is limited understanding in literature on whether the conventional wisdom on pricing strategy still holds for information goods. On one hand, information goods, similar to durable goods, are subject to value depreciation; on the other, they differ from traditional goods in negligible marginal cost and the sensitivity to social influences. This paper develops a two-period, game-theoretic model to investigate optimal pricing strategy of information goods. On one dimension, two different depreciation mechanisms （self- and time-depreciation） are considered; on the other, two prevalent pricing schemes （perpetual licensing and subscription-fee models） are studied. We obtain closed-form solutions in all scenarios. Our findings suggest that vendors of time-depreciation information goods should adopt subscription-fee model to attract early adopters and exploit social influences, while the vendors of self-depreciation information goods should strategically balance between depreciation and social influences. Interestingly, as social influences become strong enough, the difference between pricing schemes diminishes and the tradeoff between candidate strategies vanishes. We also extend the model to static pricing in which the vendor commits to future price. We discover that the superiority of subscription-fee model might be overturned under static pricing. Our results above also imply that building consumer feedback and interaction systems could be helpful for minimizing the potential loss of a suboptimal pricing scheme.

Fostering artificial societies using social learning and social control in parallel emergency management systems

How can we foster and grow artificial societies so as to cause social properties to emerge that are logical, consistent with real societies, and are expected by design- ers？ We propose a framework for fostering artificial soci- eties using social learning mechanisms and social control ap- proaches. We present the application of fostering artificial so- cieties in parallel emergency management systems. Then we discuss social learning mechanisms in artificial societies, in- cluding observational learning, reinforcement learning, imi- tation learning, and advice-based learning. Furthermore, we discuss social control approaches, including social norms, social policies, social reputations, social commitments, and sanctions.

Behavioral constraints and the evolution of faithful social learning

Behavioral ＂traditions＂, i.e. behavioral patterns that are acquired with the aid of social learning and that are relatively stable in a group, have been observed in several species. Recently, however, it has been questioned whether non-human social learning is faithful enough to stabilize those patterns. The observed stability could be interpreted as a result of various constraints that limit the number of possible alternative behaviors, rather than of the fidelity of transmission mechanisms. Those constraints can be roughly described as ＂internal＂, such as mechanical （bodily） properties or cognitive limitations and predispositions, and ＂ex- ternal＂, such as ecological availability or pressures. Here we present an evolutionary individual-based model that explores the re- lationships between the evolution of faithful social learning and behavioral constraints, represented both by the size of the beha- vioral repertoire and by the ＂shape＂ of the search space of a given task. We show that the evolution of high-fidelity transmission mechanisms, when associated with costs （e.g. cognitive, biomechanical, energetic, etc.）, is only likely if the potential behavioral repertoire of a species is large and if the search space does not provide information that can be exploited by individual learning. Moreover we show how stable behavioral patterns （＂traditions＂） can be achieved at the population level as an outcome of both high-fidelity and low-fidelity transmission mechanisms, given that the latter are coupled with a small behavioral repertoire or with a search space that provide substantial feedback. Finally, by introducing the possibility of environmental change, we show that intermediate rates of change favor the evolution of faithful social learning

SOCIAL LEARNING WITH TIME-VARYING WEIGHTS

This paper investigates a non-Bayesian social learning model, in which each individual updates her beliefs based on private signals as well as her neighbors＇ beliefs. The private signM is involved in the updating process through Bayes＇ rule, and the neighbors＇ beliefs are embodied in through a weighted average form, where the weights are time-varying. The authors prove that agents eventually have correct forecasts for upcoming signals, and all the beliefs of agents reach a consensus. In addition, if there exists no state that is observationally equivalent to the true state from the point of view of all agents, the authors show that the consensus belief of the whole group eventually reflects the true state.

Consumers' Social Learning About Videogame Consoles Through Multiple Website Browsing

This research examines the micro-level correlation between traditional marketing actions(TV ads and public relations) and pre-release consumers’ social learning about videogame consoles(Wii and PS3, launched in 2006). We evaluate consumers’ learning processes via the perusal of information in online communities using "pageview" data for multiple websites from a clickstream panel as indicators. We propose a bivariate Bayesian learning model combined with complementary purchase choices.The proposed model enables simpler estimation of parameters and allows to accommodate detailed information about interactions between social and personal learning processes. From the results, we find empirical evidence that companies’ traditional marketing actions have a greater impact on social learning than on regular personal learning during the pre-launch period. When consumers make purchase decisions, their social beliefs about product quality are weighed at least three times more heavily than their personal beliefs. Counterfactual simulations suggest that by optimizing marketing actions,firms can stimulate consumers’ learning and promote increased product engagement.

Detour for the inexperienced? Migration count data suggest mostly juvenile Greater Spotted Eagles appear in coastal peninsulas in China

Soaring bird migration often relies on suitable terrain and airflow;therefore,route selection is vital for successful migration.While age and experience have been identified as key factor influencing migration route selection among soaring raptors in the African-Eurasian Flyway,how they shape the migration route of soaring raptors in East Asia is still largely unknown.In this study,we investigated potential variations in the routes and timing in autumn migration of juvenile and older soaring birds,using count data of Greater Spotted Eagles(Clanga clanga)from two coastal sites and two inland sites in China.From 2020 to 2023,we recorded a total of 340 individuals,with the highest site averaging over 90 individuals per autumn,making it one of the world’s top single-season counts and thus a globally important site for this species.We found that 82% and 61% records from coastal sites were juveniles,significantly higher than inland sites(15% and 24%).Juveniles at all four sites exhibited markedly earlier median passage time than non-juveniles,with brief overlapping in their main migration periods.Both coastal sites are located on the tip of peninsulas stretching southwest,requiring long overwater flights if crossing the Bohai Bay or Beibu Gulf,which would be energetically demanding and increase mortality risk.Experienced individuals may have learned to avoid such terrain and subsequent detour,while juveniles are more prone to enter these peninsulas due to lack of experience and opportunities for social learning,or following other raptor species that are more capable of powered flight.Our findings highlight the importance of age and experience in migration route selection of large soaring birds.

Social network learning efficiency in the principal-agent relationship

Under the bounded rationality assumption,a principal rarely provides an optimal contract to an agent.Learning from others is one way to improve such a contract.This paper studies the efficiency of social network learning(SNL)in the principal–agent framework.We first introduce the Cobb-Douglas production function into the classic Holmstrom and Milgrom(1987)model with a constant relative risk-averse agent and work out the theoretically optimal contract.Algorithms are then designed to model the SNL process based on profit gaps between contracts in a network of principals.Considering the uncertainty of the agent's labor output,we find that the principals can reach a consensus that tends to result in overcompensation compared to the optimal contract.Then,this study examines how network attributes and model parameters impact learning efficiency and posits several summative hypotheses.The simulation results validate these hypotheses,and we discuss the relevant economic implications of the observed changes in SNL efficiency.

Avoidance of potentially harmful food cannot be socially transmitted between rats

The social transmission of food preferences （STFP） is a behavioural task of olfactory memory, in which an observer rat learns safe food odours from a demonstrator rat, and shows preference for this odour in a subsequent choice test. However, previous studies have failed to detect the transmission of information about food study, we tested how demonstrators＇ health affects the exchange of of potential danger and food aversion using STFP test. In this odour information and whether observers can learn danger information from an unhealthy demonstrator. As expected, the observer rat formed an odour preference after interacting with a demonstrator rat that had just eaten food containing a new odour, however, odour preference rather than aversion was also formed after interacting with a demonstrator rat injected with LiC1 （used to induce gastric malaise）. Furthermore, anaesthetized demonstrator rats and half-anaesthetized demonstrator rats, which showed obvious motor deficits suggesting an unhealthy state, also socially transmitted food preferences to observers. These results suggest that the social transmission of food preferences task is independent of a demonstrators＇ health, and that information about dangerous foods cannot be transmitted using this behavioural task.

Integrating Social Mapping with Geographic Information Systems： Community Network Analysis in Sharing Sweetpotato Innovations in Papua New Guinea

This research drew from social learning and international development literature. The purpose of this community research was to trace the spread and impact of sweetpotato flour in two rural communities in Papua New Guinea. Research strategy was participatory learning and action utilizing participatory mapping. The paper mapping process was documented using a video recorder and field notes. Geographic Information Systems technology was then used to incorporate local spatial knowledge on scale maps to show spread of knowledge. The main finding was the identification of social networks through tracking of sweetpotato knowledge： identifying who used the knowledge and whether there were any modifications, the location of those who used the knowledge and whether this was shared and with whom. Most significant was the enabling factors that strengthened existing and potential future networks. Community leadership styles determine success of development projects. Rural communities are diverse needing participatory multi-layered methodologies that are people oriented for agricultural technologies to be learnt and utilized for improved livelihood.

Modeling the Social Reinforcement of Misinformation Dissemination on Social Media

Despite the salience of misinformation and its consequences, there still lies a tremendous gap in research on the broader tendencies in collective cognition that compels individuals to spread misinformation so excessively. This study examined social learning as an antecedent of engaging with misinformation online. Using data released by Twitter for academic research in 2018, Tweets that included URL news links of both known misinformation and reliable domains were analyzed. Lindström’s computational reinforcement learning model was adapted as an expression of social learning, where a Twitter user’s posting frequency of news links is dependent on the relative engagement they receive in consequence. The research found that those who shared misinformation were highly sensitive to social reward. Inflation of positive social feedback was associated with a decrease in posting latency, indicating that users that posted misinformation were strongly influenced by social learning. However, the posting frequency of authentic news sharers remained fixed, even after receiving an increase in relative and absolute engagement. The results identified social learning is a contributor to the spread of misinformation online. In addition, behavior driven by social validation suggests a positive correlation between posting frequency, gratification received from posting, and a growing mental health dependency on social media. Developing interventions for spreading misinformation online may profit by assessing which online environments amplify social learning, particularly the conditions under which misinformation proliferates.