Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)

In animal societies,some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress.Such stressors,like social rank,also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases.However,the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species,as well as within groups of a single species.For example,dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times,while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress.Together,these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions.In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species,cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups.In despotic groups,cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank,but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies.Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals.These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology.The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

In animal societies, some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress. Such stressors, like social rank, also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases. However, the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species, as well as within groups of a single species. For example, dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times, while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress. Together, these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions. In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species, cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups. In despotic groups, cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank, but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies. Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals. These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology. The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.

Effect of Social Rank on Well-Being and Space Utilization of Dry Sows Kept in a Free Access Stall-Pen Housing Environment

The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of social rank on the well-being of gestating sows housed in a free access stall-pen housing environment. At d 30 post-breeding, 32 multiparous crossbred sows in groups of 4 were allocated to a stall-pen housing environment. Blood samples were taken at gestational d 30 (before mixing) and d 31 (24-h post-mixing), and then again at d 89 and 110;whereas, sow behavior was recorded at gestational d 30, 66, 87, and 102. Social rank was determined based on aggressive encounters, dyadic fighting wins and losses, and displacements between sows by 48-h post-mixing. At d 31 (post-mixing), regardless of social rank, total WBC decreased and, lymphocyte counts increased, but % change was more significant among the subordinates than dominants. The same trend occurred with neutrophil chemotaxis increased more in subordinates, but ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation increased more in dominants, whereas LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation was reduced among dominants. Sow behavior was differentially affected by social rank and time-periods or gestational day, with subordinates spending more time sitting and drinking, especially during time-periods 1, 3, and 4. Dominants displayed more oral-nasal-facial behaviors during mid-gestation but more sham-chew during time-period 2, which included feeding time. Social rank also influenced the percentage of time sows spent in either the stall or pen area, with subordinates in stalls and dominants in pen. These data imply that social rank differentially influences physiology and behavior of dry sows housed in a free access stall-pen environment. More specifically, the location of the dominant sow, time of day, and activity may influence when and where the subordinates spend their time within this housing system.

TLRank:一种新的社会化协同排序推荐算法

已有的社会化协同排序推荐算法的研究只是简单地融入用户的社交网络信息,没有考虑用户之间社会化信任网络的传递性;同时,该推荐算法的性能面临数据高度稀疏性问题的挑战.为了进一步解决这些问题,在传统的协同排序推荐算法(ListRank,List-wise Learning to Rank)和最新的社会化协同过滤算法(TrustMF,Social Collaborative Filtering by Trust)的基础上,提出了一种新的社会化协同排序推荐算法(TLRank),融合均高度稀疏的用户的显式评分数据和社会化信任网络数据,以进一步增强协同排序推荐算法的性能.实验结果表明:在各个评价指标下,TLRank算法的性能均优于几个经典的协同排序推荐算法,且复杂度低、运算时间与评分点个数线性相关;TLRank算法的推荐精度高、可扩展性好,适合处理大数据,可广泛运用于互联网信息推荐领域.

Effect of early psychedelic use on social func⁃tion in adulthood

Psychedelic is one of psychoac⁃tive drug substances which leads to abnormali⁃ties in thinking,mood and sensory perception via the subtype of 5-HT receptor(5-HT2A receptor).Psychedelic is known to cause schizophrenia-like symptoms or worsen schizophrenia.Mean⁃while it causes abnormalities in neural synchroni⁃zation and oscillations.In recent years,with the prevalence of various new psychedelic drugs and the rising population of young addicts,the clinical effects of psychedelic have been highly concerned.Adolescence is an important period for the formation of neuroplasticity,and it is an important stage in the functional development and maturation of the central nervous system.However,it is currently unclear about the endur⁃ing effects of juvenile exposure to psychedelic on social behavior,and neural network function.OBJECTIVE The chronic exposure model of psy⁃chedelic(2CC-NBOMe,2CC)in rats was used to reveal the enduring effects on social behavior and neural network function in adulthood,which is intended to provide important reference infor⁃mation about the potential enduring effects and clinical applicability of psychedelic.METHODS Repeated exposure of normal saline in adoles⁃cence group(0.1 mL·kg-1,for 14 d),repeated exposure of 2CC group(0.1 mg·kg-1,for 14 d).The duration of adolescent administration was 35-48 d after birth.Adulthood means 9 weeks after birth.Behavioral and somatic neuroelectro⁃physiological experiments were performed 9-12 weeks after birth in the adolescent drug exposure group.RESULTS Psychedelic-exposed animals during adolescence showed a significant decline in social rank and an increase in social willingness.Coherence of theta waves(6-10 Hz)from the hippocampal CA1 to the orbital frontal cortex(Orb)was significantly reduced in the psy⁃chedelic-exposed animals compared to the con⁃trol animals.During the social task,the coher⁃ence of theta waves between CA1 and Orb was significantly reduced in the control animals,but not in the psychedelic-exposed animals.CON⁃CLUSION The altered social function caused by chronic psychedelic exposure during adoles⁃cence is associated with abnormal CA1-Orb theta wave coherence.

基于PageRank的在线社交网络消息传播模型

经典的消息传播模型没有充分考虑在线社交网络的复杂性以及网络节点间的拓扑结构差异。针对这种情况,提出一种基于Page Rank的在线社交网络的消息传播模型P-SIR。该模型利用节点的Page Rank值作为节点权威度并考虑在线社交网络传播机理,刻画不同类型节点随着时间变化的状态演化关系,反映消息传播过程受到网络拓扑结构和传播机理的影响。该模型还考虑在线社交网络中影响消息传播过程中的一些实际因素,动态指定节点的权威度以适应非均质网络,并考虑外部社会加强效应。采用3种不同类型的网络模拟消息传播过程,通过仿真实验验证P-SIR模型可以有效反映在线社交网络中的消息传播过程。

ComRank： Joint Weight Technique for the Identification of Influential Communities

Recently, the community analysis has seen enormous research advancements in the field of social networks. A large amount of the current studies put forward different models and algorithms about most influential people. However, there is little work to shed light on how to rank communities while considering their levels that are determined by the quality of their published contents. In this paper, we propose solution for measuring the influence of communities and ranking them by considering joint weight composed of internal and external influence of communities. To address this issue, we design a novel algorithm called Com Rank: a modification of Page Rank, which considers the joint weight in order to identify impact of each community and ranking them. We use real-world data trace in citation network and perform extensive experiments to evaluate our proposed algorithm. The comparative results depict significant improvements by our algorithm in community ranking due to the inclusion of proposed weighting feature.

APPOW:An Advanced Routing Protocol Based on Parameters Optimization in the Weighted Mobile Social Network

Due to the increasing number of wireless mobile devices,the possibility of mobile communications without infrastructure becomes a reality.The Decentralized Mobile Social Network(DMSN) is a paradigm where nodes can move freely and organize themselves arbitrarily.Routing in these environments is difficult for the reason of the rapid changes of the social relationship graph's topology.Meanwhile,the social ties among nodes change overtime.Therefore,an efficient data forwarding mechanism should be considered over the temporal weighted relationship graph.In this paper,an Advanced routing Protocol based on Parameters Optimization in the Weighted mobile social network(APPOW) is proposed to improve the delivery success ratio and reduce the cost of exchanging information.APPOW combines the normalized relative weights of three local social metrics,i.e.,LinkRank,similarity and contact strength,to select the next relay node.The weights of the three metrics are derived by pair-wise learning algorithm.The result shows that APPOW outperforms the state-ofthe-art SimBet Routing in delivering message and significantly reduces the average hops.Additionally,the delivery performance of APPOW is close to Epidemic Routing but without message duplications.

TrustOcCR:基于信任的社会化单类协同排序推荐算法

之前关于社会化单类协同排序推荐算法的研究仅仅集成用户的社交网络信息到推荐模型中,未能考虑到用户的社交信任网络的传递性。为了解决该问题,基于最新的CLiMF模型和TrustMF模型,提出了一种新的基于信任的社会化单类协同排序推荐算法(TrustOCCR)。该算法通过精心整合双重稀疏信息(隐式评分矩阵和具有传递性的社交信任网络矩阵)来进一步提高社会化单类协同排序推荐算法的性能。在真实的实验数据集上验证,采用两个不同的评价指标,本文提出的TrustOCCR算法均优于最新的社会化单类协同排序推荐算法。且TrustOCCR算法可扩展性好,适合在互联网信息推荐领域用于处理大数据。

野生藏酋猴的体重及其影响因素

体重是体现灵长类动物生活史和生长发育特征的重要指标,可反映其生理状况、行为变化和生态适应等信息。本研究以安徽黄山野生猴谷YA1群的48只藏酋猴为对象,使用地磅秤对群内个体进行连续11个月(2022年7月至2023年5月)的体重监测。研究结果显示,雄性藏酋猴的平均体重为(18.71±2.33)kg,显著高于雌性(11.79±1.97)kg。未成年雄性藏酋猴体重的快速发育期为3~5岁,雌性为2~3岁。成年雌雄体重与个体社会等级间均存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.001)。成年藏酋猴体重存在显著的季节变化(P<0.05),雌雄个体体重均在秋季最高,但是雄性个体在冬季最低,雌性个体春季最低。未怀孕个体体重在不同季节无显著性差异,而怀孕个体的体重从冬季到春季显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究表明,藏酋猴的体重具有显著的雌雄性二型现象,未成年雌雄个体体重的快速发育期存在明显分化,季节和社会等级对藏酋猴体重均具有显著影响。

A comparison of a patient-rated visual analogue scale with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for social anxiety disorder: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), used to assess the severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD), requires considerable effort and time to complete. The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate whether a visual analogue scale (VAS) could be linear with the LSAS and substitute for the LSAS, 2) to relate such a VAS instrument to patient demographics. Methods: Fifty SAD patients were assessed using the LSAS and VAS instruments completed by both patients and doctors at the same session. We then drew distributions and calculated the Spearman’s ρ and κ coefficient values (divided at the median for each scale) between patient and doctor assessments. Next, each pair among the scores for the LSAS, the patient VAS and the doctor VAS was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests according to patient life profile data. Results: Scatter plots of pairs of scores were obtained. Spearman’s ρ was 0.661 between the LSAS and the patient VAS, 0.461 between the LSAS and the doctor VAS, and 0.494 between VAS scores of patients and doctors. The κ coefficients were 0.501 between the LSAS and patient VAS, 0.251 between the LSAS and doctor VAS, and 0.425 between patient VAS and doctor VAS (for all six, p < 0.001). The Wilcoxon rank sum tests indicated a significant difference between the groups with/ without “employment” (LSAS, patient/doctor VAS), with/without “graduation from junior college/university” (doctor VAS) (p < 0.05) and with/without marital history (the age of first consultation) (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A patient VAS may substitute for the LSAS and offer the versatility necessary to capture patient states and life profiles.

多维要素流视角下成渝城市群空间结构特征研究

随着交通、通讯设施的日益完善与经济的快速发展,城市间各类要素流动更为频繁并形成城市网络,促进城市动态“流”数据的分析成为区域空间结构研究新范式。相比单一要素流,多维要素流可以从更加综合的视角刻画城市群内部网络联系,识别城市群空间结构特征。本文通过集成百度迁徙、快递物流线路、百度指数、企业总部—分支、科技论文合作等多元地理流数据建立成渝城市群人流、物流、信息流、资金流、技术流及综合流网络,借助社会网络分析方法识别网络节点特征并结合位序—规模法则评估城市体系规模结构,利用核密度分析法识别多维要素流动主要廊道,结合优势流和DBSCAN聚类分析成渝城市群空间组团特征。结果表明:第一,在多维要素流网络中,各节点层级分化明显,成都市、重庆市是成渝城市群的两大核心,对多维要素流的集聚扩散能力突出,而其他城市普遍发育不足。第二,重庆市—成都市关联区间联系强度最高,成都市、重庆市与14个地级市组成的关联区间次之,14个地级市之间组成的关联区间最低,成渝发展主轴、成德绵乐城市带是要素流动的主要廊道。第三,在优势流约束下,成渝城市群内部形成成都—德阳—眉山、重庆—广安、南充—遂宁、内江—自贡—宜宾—泸州、乐山—雅安共5个空间聚类,其中南充—遂宁、内江—自贡—宜宾—泸州具备培育都市圈的潜力。结合本文分析结果和现有规划,建议将多维要素流网络中心度相对较高的绵阳、南充、宜宾作为次级中心城市培育,在重点发展成都都市圈、重庆都市圈的同时着力培育南充—遂宁、内自宜泸两大都市圈,促进绵阳市、雅安市、乐山市、达州市等圈群空隙城市差异化、特色化发展,强化宜宾—泸州—重庆沿江发展轴,逐步优化成渝城市群空间结构,形成区域协调发展新格局。

基于多准则决策的国家足球队配置策略研究

选配合适的足球运动员是组建一支高绩效国家足球队的重点,基于多准则决策(MCDM),使用熵权法、K-means聚类算法以及TOPSIS分析法等多种工具对球员进行综合评价与分类。结果表明,中场和后场的球员排名靠前,与中、后场联系紧密的前场球员也表现较好;替换球员排名通常靠后,但替换下场球员整体排名优于替补上场球员;球员的排名也取决于球队整体传接球路线和进攻路径的选择。通过社会网络分析指标与传统技战术指标相结合,采用多准则决策法,教练团队可以更加有效选择运动员,可根据球队与对手的风格选择与调换球员,最大限度发挥球员间的互补性,提升球队协作能力。

神针2024中国高职院校科研与社会服务竞争力评价研究报告——基于实力评价和增值评价的双重视角

科研与社会服务是高职院校的重要职能,加强对高职院校科研与社会服务发展状况的科学评价,是进一步推动高职教育发展的重要前提和基础。为了持续收集和深入分析高职院校群体在科研与社会服务方面的现状和发展状况,神针评价研究团队在前3年开展的中国高职院校科研与社会服务竞争力评价研究工作基础上,在2024年继续就全国高职院校的科研与社会服务竞争力发展态势进行科学评价。此次评价,在原来发布的“侧重于鉴定功能的实力与水平评价排行榜”基础上,新增加了“基于发展视角和改进功能的增值评价排行榜”。实力评价和增值评价的双重视角有利于对学校提供更为公平的观察。

人口老龄化背景下某市医疗机构建筑无障碍水平调查研究

目的为当前老龄化时代和改善老年人的无障碍就医环境提供科学参考。方法2022年12月—2023年2月期间采用随机抽样法,抽取某市10家医疗机构的375名人员作为调查对象,发放自制的《医疗机构患者就医感受综合评分表(无障碍设施类)》调查问卷375份,获得有效问卷356份并进行了信效度检验。问卷设定6个无障碍水平调查指标,每个指标设1至10分,对建筑无障碍水平进行问卷调查,收集的资料采用数据秩和比法和四分图模型进行统计分析。结果某市医疗机构的建筑无障碍平均得分为35.86分,多个指标处于中等水平,提示无障碍水平有待进一步提高。同时,不同医疗机构的经济运营状况对无障碍建设有一定影响,无障碍建设还与当地政府建设规划、工作人员的无障碍建筑意识等因素有关。结论为了应对老龄化挑战,提高老年人就医质量,降低社保成本,某市医疗机构可采取停车位、厕所等方面的无障碍改造,提升无障碍AI技术应用,打造智慧化就医场景等措施;政府需加快完善配套政策法规,加大无障碍设施改造方面的支持力度;高等院校、科研院所等可与医疗机构协同创新,产、学、研、用一体化发展,促进成果转化。

雄性根田鼠的同胞竞争及其对同性个体的气味识别

采用两两互作实验并以尿标记来确定共居至成年的2雄性根田鼠同胞在行为竞争上的差异,之后在行为选择箱中分别观察它们对来自熟悉和陌生同性个体的新鲜尿气味的行为反应,以确定气味识别差异。结果表明:①雄性根田鼠两两互作时,尿标记的多少可以作为判断其社会等级的标准;②从属鼠对熟悉气味存在明显偏好,其对熟悉气味的访问时间、接近频次和自我修饰频次都显著高于陌生气味;③优势鼠则优先访问陌生气味,其对陌生气味的访问时间、嗅舔频次、嗅舔时间、自我修饰及反标记均显著高于熟悉气味;④对于陌生气味,优势鼠和从属鼠之间存在明显不同的行为反应模式。本实验结果提示,雄性根田鼠对同性尿气味识别的差异以及对陌生气味的行为反应,可能暗含着其领域防卫的信息。

成年黄山短尾猴雌性等级结构稳定性

等级结构稳定性是衡量群体凝聚力的重要指标,雌性等级结构稳定对于母系社会群体具有重要的生物学意义。本文采用目标动物取样和全事件记录相结合的方法,研究黄山短尾猴鱼鳞坑A1群(YA1群)和鱼鳞坑A2群(YA2群)的成年雌性分别在交配季节(2011年9～12月)和非交配季节(2012年2～5月)内的攻击-屈服行为。采用等级结构中雌性间攻击-屈服频率、社会顺位和等级梯度3个量化指标,首次定量探讨了短尾猴雌性等级结构及其稳定性。研究期间,YA1群和YA2群雌性间攻击-屈服频率、社会顺位和等级梯度均无季节性变化(P>0.05)。结果表征短尾猴雌性等级结构趋于稳定,该结果支持了短尾猴雌性等级结构稳定性的定性判断。

户籍、教育水平及社会职业等级对家长义务教育满意度的影响研究——以北京市为例

使用了北京市义务教育阶段学生家长对义务教育阶段教育满意度的微观调查数据,主要检验了户籍、社会阶层与家长受教育水平对义务教育满意度的影响。回归分析结果表明,从整体上看,户籍、教育水平和社会职业等级并不影响家长对学校和教师的满意度评价,户籍不影响家长对政府绩效满意度的评价,但是家长的受教育水平和社会职业等级影响着他们对政府绩效的满意度。从义务教育不同阶段来看,小学阶段户籍没有显著的影响作用,但初中阶段户籍的影响作用明显。

恒河猴的繁殖研究

为了提供具有清楚的遗传学和医学背景的实验用恒河猴,在控制营养和环境的条件下,比较了三种不同繁殖方法(后宫式、定期配对式和固定配对式)的生殖率,同时研究了后宫式繁殖群的雌雄数量配比、等级地位及雌猴年龄等因素与生殖率的关系,并提出了能较全面地衡量种群饲养管理水平的“繁殖增长率”的计算方法。五年中共选用628只雌猴进行试验,年均生殖率为72.2％。

断奶仔猪混群后社会等级重建及生产性能研究

为探讨不同品种断奶仔猪混群后社会等级重建过程中行为差异及其对仔猪生长发育的影响,通过行为评定划分断奶仔猪社会等级,比较保育期民猪仔猪和大白猪仔猪行为差异,分析社会等级与断奶仔猪生产性能关系。采用全事件记录法观测和记录仔猪争斗行为,利用二元交互水平社会关系测量方法确定个体优势等级。研究表明,大白猪仔猪争斗行为次数随所处等级位置升高而增加,民猪仔猪争斗行为次数与其所处等级位置无明显关系;与大白猪相比,民猪仔猪混群后争斗行为次数远低于大白猪仔猪,群居秩序较早达稳定状态;民猪仔猪皮肤损伤程度与所处等级位置呈显著负相关(P<0.05),大白猪仔猪皮肤损伤程度与所处等级位置呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。民猪仔猪等级指数与断奶重存在显著正相关(P<0.05),大白猪仔猪等级指数与断奶重、相对生长速率、日增重均存在显著正相关(P<0.05)。可见,群体结构发生改变时,民猪仔猪争斗行为较少,对新环境适应性较强,群体内社会等级重建对其生产性能影响较小,民猪仔猪更适合混群饲养。