Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tuto...Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring,ranging from improving the quality of education to providing"quasi-private tutoring"programs and regulating the shadow education market,total spending on private tutoring has continued to increase.This study examines a little noticed but important cause of institutionalized private tutoring in Korea.Design/Approach/Methods:The study employed a socio-ecological perspective to analyze both education and socio-structural factors.An extensive review of the government's private tutoring reduction policies and related literature was conducted.Findings:Private tutoring functions as a means by which parents can help their children compete for admission to prestigious universities and pass on wealth and social status to their children.Participation in private tutoring has become a social norm that is taken for granted.The root causes of institutionalized private tutoring lie in both educational and socio-structural factors.Originality/Nalue:The study suggests that government policies,when ignoring the long-established"grammar"of parents about children's education,may either end in failure or produce unintended consequences.展开更多
Victoria Welby introduces the concept of"Significs"as a methodology that could bridge the various sciences,theoretical trends,and practices in human experience."Sense","meaning",and"...Victoria Welby introduces the concept of"Significs"as a methodology that could bridge the various sciences,theoretical trends,and practices in human experience."Sense","meaning",and"significance"are the three terms in her most important meaning triad.The first level of meaning,'sense'refers to the generation of meaning processes in terms of organic life and perception.Welby hypothesizes that the organic dimension of sense and its human dimension are closely inter-twined.She theorized the need for"plastic language"in a biological sense,which she equated with pragmatic,ethic and aesthetic sense:the relation between word and context could be similar to the one between the organism and its environment.The plastic dimension of verbal language and signs in general is necessary for adaptation,development,and expressivity.A century later Elisabeth Schussler and James Wandersee introduce the concept of"plant blindness"which is a human tendency to ignore,in all"senses",plant species.Plants are different in all aspects from animals:they are not even considered“individuals".In the etymological sense"individual"means"not divisible".Plants are"morphologically"divisible.In this presentation I intend to compare these two concepts and analyse their consequences.展开更多
文摘Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring,ranging from improving the quality of education to providing"quasi-private tutoring"programs and regulating the shadow education market,total spending on private tutoring has continued to increase.This study examines a little noticed but important cause of institutionalized private tutoring in Korea.Design/Approach/Methods:The study employed a socio-ecological perspective to analyze both education and socio-structural factors.An extensive review of the government's private tutoring reduction policies and related literature was conducted.Findings:Private tutoring functions as a means by which parents can help their children compete for admission to prestigious universities and pass on wealth and social status to their children.Participation in private tutoring has become a social norm that is taken for granted.The root causes of institutionalized private tutoring lie in both educational and socio-structural factors.Originality/Nalue:The study suggests that government policies,when ignoring the long-established"grammar"of parents about children's education,may either end in failure or produce unintended consequences.
文摘Victoria Welby introduces the concept of"Significs"as a methodology that could bridge the various sciences,theoretical trends,and practices in human experience."Sense","meaning",and"significance"are the three terms in her most important meaning triad.The first level of meaning,'sense'refers to the generation of meaning processes in terms of organic life and perception.Welby hypothesizes that the organic dimension of sense and its human dimension are closely inter-twined.She theorized the need for"plastic language"in a biological sense,which she equated with pragmatic,ethic and aesthetic sense:the relation between word and context could be similar to the one between the organism and its environment.The plastic dimension of verbal language and signs in general is necessary for adaptation,development,and expressivity.A century later Elisabeth Schussler and James Wandersee introduce the concept of"plant blindness"which is a human tendency to ignore,in all"senses",plant species.Plants are different in all aspects from animals:they are not even considered“individuals".In the etymological sense"individual"means"not divisible".Plants are"morphologically"divisible.In this presentation I intend to compare these two concepts and analyse their consequences.
