Measuring Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China

Social vulnerability in this study represents the differences between the capacity to cope with natural hazards and disaster losses suffered within and between places.The assessment of social vulnerability has been recognized as a critical step in understanding natural hazard risks and enhancing effective response capabilities.This article presents an initial study of the social vulnerability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(B-T-H) Region in China.The goal is to replicate and test the applicability of the United States Social Vulnerability Index(So VI) method in a Chinese cultural context.Thirty-nine variables adapted from the So VI were collected in relation to two aspects:socioeconomic vulnerability and built environment vulnerability.Using factor analysis,seven factors were extracted from the variable set:the structure of social development,the level of economic and government financial strength,social justice and poverty,family structure,the intensity of space development,the status of residential housing and transportation,and building structure.Factor scores were summed to get the final So VI scores and the most and least vulnerable units were identified and mapped.The highest social vulnerability is concentrated in the northwest of the study area.The least socially vulnerable areas are mainly distributed in the Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang core urban peripheral and central city areas of the prefecture-level cities.The results show that this method is a useful tool for revealing places that have a high level of vulnerability,in other words,areas which are more likely to face significant challenges in coping with a large-scale event.These findings could provide a scientific basis for policy making and the implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation in China.

The role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effects on health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS

Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.

Social Capital and Total Factor Productivity： Evidence from Chinese Provinces

The impact of social capital on economic development has been broadly studied by scholars. However, research in the Chinese context is relatively rare. Drawing upon data from the China General Social Survey, our results suggest that the enhancing effect of social capital on total factor productivity is very limited in the case of China. The network dimension of social capital is significant only in pooled OLS estimations, and trust as well as the participation dimension of social capital exert no impact across all estimations. Our interpretation is that this is partly due to the fact that trust, values and norms formed in civil society are inherently difficult to transmit to the market sector. Besides, the impact of social capital on economic performance is undermined when physical capital plays a significant role in production. We therefore propose that the effect of social capital on economic performance is contingent on localized social and economic conditions.

Modelling Impacts of Socio-Economic Factors on Temporal Diffusion of PV-Based Communal Grids

Impacts of socio-economic factors on temporal diffusions of solar electricity microgeneration systems in a rural developing community are modelled and simulated using an agent-based model (ABM). ABMs seek to capture the overall macro-effects of different micro-decisions in a virtual world;they model individual entities within a complex system and the rules that govern them to capture the overall effects of their interactions. Results showed that falling PV costs coupled with generally increasing grid electricity costs would lead to increased uptake of PV systems in such communities. On the other hand, high lending rates in most developing nations would stifle use of credit facilities in purchases of PV systems and thus diminishing their uptakes. Results also showed that introduction of favourable government policies in forms of subsidies would strongly stimulate PV installations in such communities. Social acceptance is important for diffusion of any new technology into a given market and more so with solar systems;results show that neighbourhood influence plays major roles in PV diffusions with many households installing PV systems if their neighbours within a given sensing radius do the same. Results also showed that requiring a certain percentage of neighbours to have installed PV before a household considered doing the same could have negative effects on PV installations as decisions to install PV are influenced by many independent and dependent factors and not by neighbourhood threshold alone.

Economic Critical Resources for the Industrial Exploitation of Natural Gas Hydrate

Since the implementation of several pilot production tests were in natural gas hydrate(NGH) reservoirs in terrestrial and marine settings, the study of NGH has entered a new stage of technological development for industrial exploitation. Prior to the industrial exploitation of any given NGH reservoir, the economic feasibility should be examined. The first step of economic evaluation of a NGH reservoir is to know whether its resource amount meets the requirement for industrial exploitation. Unfortunately, few relevant studies have been conducted in this regard. In this study, the net present value(NPV) method is employed to estimate the economic critical resources required for the industrial exploitation of NGHs under different production scenarios. Sensitivity analysis is also performed in order to specify the effects of key factors, such as the number of production wells, gas price, technological improvement and tax incentive, on the economic critical resources. The results indicate that China requires the lowest economic critical resource for a NGH reservoir to be industrially exploited, ranging from 3.62 to 24.02 billion m3 methane. Changes in gas price and tax incentives also play significant roles in affecting the threshold and timeline for the industrial exploitation of NGH.

领导干部自然资源资产离任审计与城市绿色全要素生产率

提高城市绿色全要素生产率是实现经济高质量发展的重要方式。基于我国284个城市2010—2017年的面板数据,构建多期双重差分模型,实证检验领导干部自然资源资产离任审计对提高城市绿色全要素生产率的作用。结果表明,相较于未试点城市,实施自然资源资产离任审计试点的城市的绿色全要素生产率显著提高。进一步研究发现,自然资源资产离任审计通过绿色创新提高城市绿色全要素生产率,数字技术能够增强该政策效应,且城市经济发展水平越高或财政压力越小,该政策效应越明显。研究结论不仅为自然资源资产离任审计推动经济高质量发展提供了经验证据,而且为持续提高城市绿色全要素生产率提供了理论支撑和政策依据。

An ecosystem-based understanding and analysis for SENCE toward sustainable development

There is a need to find a comprehensive approach focusing on the conflicts between economical growth and environmental protection. Chinese scholars advocate a comprehensive ecosystem viewpoint named social-economic-natural complex ecosystem(SENCE). The kernel of the concept lies in the hierarchical structure of SENCE, through which methods from ecological network can be useful to the compound system. The author gives a schema depicting its structure, following a made analysis to help understand the reliance of economy on ecosystem. It is obvious that more actions should be done to strive for sustainable development.

Factors Affecting Adoption of Conservation Agriculture Practices in Mpatsa Extension Planning Area, Nsanje, Southern Malawi

Conservation agriculture (CA) emerged as an alternative innovation to conventional agriculture due to losses in soil productivity as a result of soil degradation. This study investigated factors affecting the adoption of Conservation Agriculture in the Mpatsa Extension Planning Area in a southern district of Malawi, Nsanje. A quantitative method approach was followed where were collected from a sample of 110 targeted smallholder farmers in the study area using a semi-structured questionnaire where the majority (63.6%) were women. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were also done to triangulate data on questionnaires. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Socio-economic, environmental factors and household income have a greater impact on the adoption of conservation agricultural innovations. Animals were found to cause permanent soil cover disturbance while feeding on crop residues leaving the soil bare. The study concluded that climatic factors and CA training have negatively affected the adoption of new agricultural innovations, therefore, recommending further training and extension support for CA adoption as well as more access to credit opportunities for increased households’ adoption of CA.

The Impact of Lean Manufacturing Practices on Sustainability Performance:A Natural Resource-Based View

Drawing upon a Natural Resource-Based View(NRBV),this paper aims to propose a quantitative model that could be used to investigate whether Lean Manufacturing(LM)practices/tools can improve the three aspects of corporate sustainability performance(economic,environmental,and social).This paper is based on a theoretical study to develop a new model by reviewing the literature and proposing new ideas according to the Natural Resource-Based View(NRBV).Reviewing the literature showed that there is a significant association between LM practices/tools implementation and the improvement on three aspects of corporate sustainability performance(economic,environmental,and social).This paper provides insights to manufacturing managers about the ability of LM practices to reduce cost of operations and maximize the value provided to customers.Further,it highlighted the importance of LM practices implementation to manage organizations’activities responsibly in terms of their environmental,social,and economic effects.By proposing such a quantitative model according to a NRBV,this study contributes to a broader understanding of how LM practices affect three pillars of sustainability.

定向钻井技术在地下矿山采空区治理中的应用研究

本文调查并指出在地下矿坑的空挖区域,地表塌陷、水患、瓦斯燃烧等各种地质灾害泛起的风险在增加。把定向钻探技术用于探测和治理,充分运用其高精度、干扰小、覆盖范围广的优点。仔细斟酌各种不同的空挖区,分别运用封堵、灌浆,排水、熄火等钻井方案进行治理,产出了一整套完备的治理技术体系。这方法不仅显著降低了地质灾害出现的频次,提升了矿区的安全指数,还有,其实行的花费相对较低,得以实现经济效果和社会效果的统一。具体的实测数据显示,定向钻井技术在地下矿山采空区治理中的应用能有效提升治理效果,显著地阻断了污染源途径,降低了地下矿山采空区的安全隐患。研究成果对于现有的地下矿山采空区治理工作具有指导意义,为后续相关工作提供了一种新的可能性。

The core ideology of Ecological Marxism:Marx is the pioneer of internal factors theory of ecological environment

This paper from the unified visual angle of philosophy and economics has observed Marx's theory of ecological economics, clarified the misunderstanding on Marx's theory of nature and ecological environmental thought at home and abroad for a long time, studied systematically and deeply the Marx's thought that natural and ecological environment is external condition and internal elements of human social economic growth, confirmed firstly Marx is the forerunner who established the theory of internal cause of natural ecological environment. It is of far-reaching academic and practical significance.

农村幼儿园教师缘何缺乏地位认同?——基于10省22县(市)调查数据的实证分析

提升农村幼儿园教师地位认同是农村幼儿园教师“下得去、留得住、教得好”的关键路径。本研究基于课题组对10省22县(市)农村幼儿园教师的调查数据分析发现,我国农村幼儿园教师普遍缺乏主观社会地位认同,75.36%的教师认为自身社会地位处于中层及以下。描述统计表明,农村幼儿园教师地位认同在年龄段、婚姻状况、职称、编制身份、行政职务、有无教师资格证、是否为师范专业毕业等方面存在显著差异。本研究采用线性回归分析及夏普里值分解法探究农村幼儿园教师地位认同的影响因素及因素贡献率,发现经济收入、职业发展、尊师氛围和工作量四个维度的13个变量对农村幼儿园教师地位认同有显著影响作用,四个维度影响因素贡献率存在差异,其中经济收入是影响作用最大的维度。为提升农村幼儿园教师地位认同,应从提高经济收入、促进职业发展、营造尊师重教氛围、减轻过重工作负担方面综合发力。

Regional Economic Factors for Weighted Evaluation of Onshore Natural Gas in China

本文研究了中国陆上天然气经济效用的地质及相关影响因素。主要研究结论如下:天然气勘探开发成本主要与气田(藏)的深度及储盖层的岩性参数相关,开采成本主要受自然地理因素以及相应储层物性参数影响,而气田(藏)丰度、有效厚度、孔隙度、渗透率和气藏类型是影响天然气产量的主要因素。基于上述研究结论,建立了针对投资成本、价格因素和气田经济价值的千米井深日产量计算公式和区域判断标准。根据判别标准,本文分析了中国不同区域且具有指标意义的天然气田(藏)的经济效用,并针对中国天然气产业经济发展提出了相应的结论和建议。

某医院大型医疗设备绩效评价案例分析

以某医院能谱CT为例,遵循相对明确的原则,采用德尔菲法和层次分析法相结合,选定经济指标、技术指标、临床应用指标、社会因素指标和教学科研指标等五项指标,制定大型医疗设备绩效评价实施方案,并进行能谱CT的绩效评价,得出结论并进行分析。

河西走廊水资源-生态环境-社会经济系统耦合关系及时空分异

推进水资源、生态环境与社会经济系统协调发展为促进区域经济增长、社会进步和生态和谐与高质量发展提供技术支撑。文章基于修正耦合协调度模型评价河西走廊水资源-生态环境-社会经济系统耦合协调水平,运用灰色关联度模型和泰尔指数揭示驱动因素和空间异质性,并利用趋势面映射耦合协调度全域分布。结果表明:(1)由经济发展带动水资源-经济-生态系统综合发展水平逐年上升,综合发展指数由2006年0.29增长至2021年0.65。(2)河西走廊水资源子系统、经济子系统、生态子系统两两之间的耦合协调度呈不同趋势上升,水资源-生态-经济系统耦合度发展处于颉颃阶段向磨合阶段升级;协调度经历“轻度失调衰退-濒临失调衰退-勉强协调发展-初级协调发展-中级协调发展”五个阶段。(3)区域空间异质性逐渐发展为减小趋势,2021年空间分布表现出东南部发展优于西北部格局,金昌和张掖逐步成为河西发展优势区域。(4)城市化率、排污总量、节水灌溉面积对河西走廊水资源-生态环境-社会经济耦合发展起到较大的驱动作用。研究结果对河西走廊经济-生态-水资源系统协同发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

慢性肾功能不全病人经济毒性调查及影响因素分析

目的:调查未透析慢性肾功能不全病人经济毒性现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用横断面调查研究方法,选取2023年10月—12月某三级甲等医院长期随访的未透析肾功能不全病人作为研究对象。应用一般资料调查问卷、中文版病人报告结局的经济毒性综合评分量表、社会支持评定量表、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表、恐惧疾病进展简化量表进行调查。结果:回收有效问卷176份,经济毒性得分为(19.02±8.95)分,慢性肾功能不全病人存在经济毒性。多元线性回归结果显示,家庭平均月收入、目前工作状态、社会支持总分、恐惧疾病进展总分是慢性肾功能不全病人经济毒性的影响因素(P<0.05),模型可解释总变异的61.1%。结论:慢性肾功能不全未透析病人经济毒性的发生率较高,提示临床医护人员需要精准识别高风险经济毒性的慢性肾功能不全病人,进而根据影响因素采取降低经济毒性的有效策略,对缓解慢性肾功能不全病人的经济毒性具有重要意义。

广东省育龄妇女生殖道沙眼衣原体感染时空分布及其社会经济影响因素

目的描述广东省育龄妇女生殖道沙眼衣原体(genital chlamydia trachomatis,GCT)感染的时空分布特征,探讨宏观社会经济因素对其影响。方法收集广东省2014—2019年育龄妇女GCT感染筛查结果和相关宏观因素,基于泊松分布构建包含时间和空间项的贝叶斯时空层次模型,并使用嵌套拉普拉斯逼近(integrate nested Laplace approximations,INLA)进行参数估计。结果研究期间GCT感染时间变化趋势不明显,但具有显著空间聚集性。调整协变量和时间项后,高发地区集中在珠三角地区。各市区综合经济发展水平(RR=1.185,95%CI:1.117~1.257)、人口和交通水平(RR=1.058,95%CI:1.012~1.106)与GCT感染呈正相关,而医疗卫生水平与其呈负相关(RR=0.942,95%CI:0.924~0.960)。结论广东省育龄妇女GCT感染具有空间聚集性,社会经济因素与其感染密切相关。

广藿香种植生态因子分析与生态种植模式研究进展

广藿香是著名的南药,为现代医药和工业的重要原料,市场需求量较大。但因广藿香生长过程中存在严重的连作障碍,导致广藿香病害加重、品质下降。该文概述了适宜广藿香生长的生态因子如气候因子、土壤因子和地形因子,分析了其种植中存在的连作障碍与病害问题,综述了广藿香现有的轮作、间作、套种和林下种植等生态种植模式,并对广藿香生态种植模式的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益进行了综合评价,以期为广藿香生态种植模式的推广提供理论依据和参考。

宫颈癌生存者经济毒性现状及其影响因素

目的探讨宫颈癌生存者经济毒性现状及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法选取200例宫颈癌生存者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、患者报告结局的经济毒性综合评分(COST⁃PROM)量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对其进行调查。比较不同临床特征患者的COST⁃PROM量表总分,并分析患者SSRS总分及SCSQ分量表得分与COST⁃PROM量表总分的相关性。采用多元线性逐步回归模型分析宫颈生存者经济毒性的影响因素。结果宫颈癌生存者COST⁃PROM量表总分为20.00(14.00,24.00)分,经济毒性发生率为76.5%。不同年龄、文化程度、子女经济情况、家庭人均月收入、医保类型、职业类型、是否重返工作、疾病分期、住院次数、治疗方式、化疗次数、放疗次数、社会支持程度、应对方式的宫颈癌生存者之间的COST⁃PROM量表总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COST⁃PROM量表总分与SSRS总分、SCSQ中的积极应对分量表得分呈正相关,与SCSQ中的消极应对分量表得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄、子女经济情况、家庭人均月收入、医保类型、疾病分期、治疗方式、社会支持程度是宫颈癌生存者经济毒性的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌生存者的经济毒性较严重,年龄、子女经济情况、家庭人均月收入、医保类型、疾病分期、治疗方式、社会支持程度是宫颈癌生存者经济毒性的影响因素。

粤港澳大湾区滨海自然与人工湿地演变及驱动因素分析

通过构建随机森林模型提取了1987—2020年粤港澳大湾区滨海湿地分布数据,采用环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)、主成分分析、敏感性分析等方法分析了其演变规律与驱动因素。结果表明:粤港澳大湾区滨海自然与人工湿地呈现不同变化特征,自然湿地面积持续减少,人工湿地面积呈周期性先增加后减少;滨海湿地面积与单位面积GDP之间的EKC在广州、珠海、中山、江门表现为“快速上升—快速下降”的二次倒U形曲线,在深圳为三次倒N形曲线,在惠州、东莞以下降趋势为主;人口、第一产业产值等经济社会因素是粤港澳大湾区滨海湿地的主要驱动因素,气候因素通过交互作用驱动湿地变化,不同驱动因素的敏感度体现了城市经济结构特征。