Paradigm Shifts in Translation Studies： Focus on Linguistic, Cultural, Social and Psychological Turns

Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn＇s paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of Science. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he proposes his paradigm theory which plays a great role in the development of sociology and philosophy of Science. According to Kuhn （1970）, paradigm originates from one or some famous people＇s achievements, and for these achievements to be considered as paradigms, two major characteristics must be met as will be clarified in this paper. This study is an attempt to outline the scope of the disciplines of Translation Studies （TS）, to give some indication of the kind of work that has been done so far. It is an attempt to demonstrate that TS is a discipline in its own right. It is a vastly complex field with many far-reaching ramifications. This study discusses the relationships between the changing definitions of translation and the turns of translation studies.

On Pragmatic Differences between English and Chinese in Social Communication Culture

Because of differences in habits and customs, logical thinking, as well as cultural values between Chinese and English,there are pragmatics differences in social greetings, thanks, banquets, invitations, and apologies language communication occasions. Thus, it is important to explore the language habits with different culture backgrounds of language communications and language features and study the pragmatic failure led by people using a foreign language because of the differences of social and cultural factors.

Chinese Students’ Adaptation of Social Intercourse Influenced by Different Cultural Contexts of China and America in American Universities

1 Statement of the Purpose (1) Statement of the purpose The purpose of the research isto study Chinese studends' adaptation of social intercourse influenced by different cultural contexts of China and America in American universities.And the study will also try to find out the exact problems and obstacles during Chinese students' adapting period in American universities.

Research on Cultural Schemas for Social Interactions

Social interactions strategies refer to saying the proper words and sentences on proper occasions. They could be affected by different cultural backgrounds （schemas）. Culture is usually treated as the basis of our social interactions which influences the way we deal with problems, and even our thought and behavior. Therefore, although many communication problems occur on the interpersonal level, most difficulties and misunderstandings can be traced to cultural differences. With a deeper comprehension, the cultural differences are the schema differences which are a kind of framework of a specific culture that exists in people＇s brain and influences people＇s judgments and behavior of daily life. Furthermore, this schema conflict would also confuse people＇s judgment and make them to choose the wrong way to respond. Thus, the schema conflict interferes our social interactions.

No pain, no social gains:A social-signaling perspective of human pain behaviors

In this review article, we describe a social-signaling perspective of human pain and pain empathizing behaviors which is based on the premise that pain percepts evolved to serve both intrapersonal as well as interpersonal, communicative functions. This perspective offers a generative framework for understanding the natural origin and proximate expression of felt pain and pain empathizing behaviors. The basic thesis is that humans evolved sensory-behavioral heuristics for perceiving and inhibiting exogenous and endogenous pain sensations as part of more general expressive styles characterized by the demonstration of vulnerability gestures(i.e., trustworthiness cues) versus empowerment gestures(i.e., capacity cues), and these styles ultimately facilitate broader selfprotection and social novelty-seeking life-history behavior strategies, respectively. We review the extant literature on how social contextual factors(e.g., audience characteristics) and how structural and functional components of individual's social network appear to influence the expression of pain behaviors in ways that support basic predictions from the social-signaling perspective. We also show how the perspective can be used to interpret conventional findings of sex differences in pain percepts and pain empathizing behaviors and for predicting how the situational context and individual's peer networks modulate these differences in vitro and in vitro. We conclude the article by describing how pain researchers may better understand how varying levels and divergent directions of changes in affect tend to co-occur with systematic changes in internal vs external pain sensitivities, and thus why, from an evolutionary perspective, pain may occur in the presence and absence of physical tissue damage.

Studies of Cultural Differences between English and Chinese Address Terms

English and Chinese address terms have apparent differences,which are caused by their own different social and cultural backgrounds and reflect different cultural implications between the east and the west. To understand the eastern and western culture better,it's necessary to make a comparison between them.

Being Aware of Sino-west Cultural Differences in the Teaching of English

This is an attempt to analyse the cultural differences between China and those countries whose people speak English as their mother tongue.The analysis is made here to caution that enough emphasis should be placed on this very difference in the teaching of the English language.

Study on International Students' Anxiety and Related Factors Under COVID-19

To investigate the correlation between anxiety and related factors among international students in Wenzhou during the COVID-19 epidemic,international students from Wenzhou were selected as subjects for our research.We administered a self-developed questionnaire on anxiety among our subjects in question during the specific time of the COVID-19 epidemic,in which a self-assessment scale was included.Overall,an anxiety questionnaire for international students studying in Wenzhou during the outbreak of COVID–19,a self-rating anxiety scale,and statistical methods were utilized to conduct our research.During the COVID-19 epidemic,international students in Wenzhou experienced varying degrees of anxiety,which were related to concerns about contracting the virus,exam-related stress,and differences in living standards.Therefore,intervention is crucial.

乳腺癌患者社会约束体验的质性研究

目的了解乳腺癌患者社会约束的真实体验。方法于2022年2-11月,利用现象学研究法对16例乳腺癌患者进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料。结果提炼出3个主题和12个亚主题:客观存在的社会环境(家庭成员的“保护”策略、不被理解的人际环境、社会文化环境)、个人对客观限制的心理感受(非癌症群体难以感同身受、加重焦虑抑郁、适应性冷漠、强化疾病恐惧)、社会约束的结局表现(渴望得到关注与支持、失眠、茫然无措、选择性沟通、回避应对)。结论医护人员应充分了解社会约束内涵,及时评估、监测并管理患者的社会约束水平,创造支持性的社会环境,激发其潜在信念,提高其自我效能,促进其身心健康。

社会生态心理学视域下黄梅戏文化的生息繁衍

黄梅戏是我国首批传统戏剧类非物质文化遗产和五大传统剧种之一的“活态文化”,其传承和发展与区域生态环境和社会心理之间存在重要的关系。黄梅戏剧目的流变根植于政治经济文化环境,紧贴当时当地人们的审美心理。黄梅戏的音乐从人文地理和生态环境中汲取养分,呈现出较强的地域文化特色。黄梅戏文化演进与历代艺术家在社会生态环境大背景下个体主动和被动的传播行为休戚相关。

新时期来华东盟留学生跨文化适应障碍与路径

在“一带一路”倡议下,东盟留学生来中国留学的规模日益庞大,这对我国高校留学生教育与管理是一个新的挑战。该文从来华东盟留学生的教育情况和生活现状出发,结合跨文化适应理论,阐述来华东盟留学生在社会文化、心理和学术适应方面的障碍表现。在此基础上,该文提出推进汉语与专业教学改革、加强中华历史文化教育、使用新媒体促进双方沟通、开展多层面社会实践活动、利用大数据提供精准帮扶、提升管理队伍国际视野与服务水平六大措施,以期为相关部门和教学人员提供帮助,对来华东盟留学生解决跨文化适应障碍问题、融入中华优秀传统文化有着积极意义。

社交媒体时代青年“偶像文化”透视与教育引导

文章首先明确“偶像文化”相关概念内涵,从理论上解析网络青年亚文化、“偶像文化”。其次,对“偶像文化”进行深层透析,从现实呈现上说明“偶像文化”“是何”的问题。再次,运用多学科综合分析,从教育学、心理学、社会学、新闻传播学等学科探讨“粉丝”群体的行为表现与心理机制,说明“何以”的问题。从次,探究“偶像文化”的影响,说明“有何”影响的问题。最后,针对粉丝行为的“失范”,提出有效的应对措施,回答“如何”应对“偶像文化”影响的问题,切实回应引导“偶像文化”有序发展及青年价值观培塑的时代要求和现实诉求。

中国社会中“内卷”现象的个体心理内涵及其特征维度

随着中国社会的发展,“内卷”引发了全民关注与讨论,但研究者对内卷的心理内涵、特征维度及其测量工具仍在探索中。本研究首次以文化心理学作为研究视角,提出中国社会的内卷极具新时代意义,是与中国社会文化紧密相连的多维心理概念。研究1采用访谈法,通过分析在校学生与在岗社会人员对内卷看法的一手资料,结合扎根理论初步提出内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,即资源稀缺、社会规范、心理压力、竞争行为。研究2在访谈研究的基础上编制了内卷感知测量问卷,通过探索性因素分析得到包含18个条目的四维度问卷。研究3通过验证性因素分析和效标效度检验,在跨人群样本中验证了内卷的4个特征维度。研究4采用内卷情境任务发现,在高校情境和组织情境中,内卷感知更高的个体均更易表现出内卷行为倾向。综上,本研究首次明晰中国社会中内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,并提供了测量个体感知内卷的有效工具,有助于未来探究内卷对个体心理以及社会性发展的影响机制。

林语堂的时空图景与文化理想

与其他中国现代作家相比,林语堂的时空图景注重天、地、人、心,有时甚至呈现出超时空的神秘感与不可知论,显得异常广阔、壮观、博大、深厚,这在其地理时空、社会时空、心理时空、精神时空中得以充分体现。林语堂的文化思想主要包括矛盾中的和谐、生命的循环、诗化人生、融通与对话,这对于克服世界人生中的矛盾冲突、悲观绝望、人心分裂,以及存在的战争风险,都有重要的启示价值和意义。

社会支持对护士工作绩效的影响:一个关于心理资本、组织文化的有调节的中介模型

目的:探讨社会支持对护士工作绩效的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用工作绩效量表、领悟社会支持量表、心理资本问卷和组织文化量表对某市4家医院共计900名在职临床护士进行调查。结果:社会支持、心理资本、组织文化与护士工作绩效均呈明显正相关关系(P<0.01);社会支持对护士工作绩效的总效应明显(P<0.01),社会支持通过心理资本对护士工作绩效影响的间接效应明显(95%CI不包含0),社会支持对护士工作绩效直接效应明显(P<0.01);社会支持、组织文化可明显正向预测心理资本(P<0.01),社会支持与组织文化的交互效应明显(P<0.01);简单斜率图显示,随着组织文化水平的提高,社会支持对心理资本的正向简单效应随之增强。组织文化调节效应标准得分的转折点为-1.638。结论:社会支持可以直接正向预测护士工作绩效;心理资本可部分中介社会支持对护士工作绩效的影响;组织文化对社会支持通过心理资本影响护士工作绩效的中介过程起正向调节作用。社会支持对护士工作绩效的影响机制为有调节的中介效应。

女性参与体育活动的社会意义及影响

该研究深入探讨了女性参与体育活动的社会意义及其广泛影响。通过历史回顾、现状分析及国际比较,揭示了女性在体育领域的参与对促进个人健康、挑战性别刻板印象和推动社会性别平等方面的重要作用。尽管女性在体育领域取得了显著进步,但仍面临社会文化偏见、制度性不平等挑战。国际视角下,女性体育参与展现了地域差异和文化多样性,国际组织和大赛在推广女性体育参与中具有关键作用。研究强调,继续支持女性在体育领域的参与,对推动全球范围内的性别平等至关重要。

社会文化背景下史诗的英雄观与生死观——以《吉尔伽美什》和《伊利亚特》为例

《吉尔伽美什》是已知世界上最古老的英雄史诗,诞生于两河流域苏美尔文明下,讲述了国王吉尔伽美什与好友恩奇都一同斩杀恶兽保卫家园,并在恩奇都受惩罚死去后历经艰难险阻寻求永生的故事。《伊利亚特》据传是盲诗人荷马所著著名史诗,诞生于爱琴海流域古希腊文明下,讲述了特洛伊战争第十年,英雄阿基琉斯因女俘被主帅阿伽门农所抢愤怒退出战役,又在挚友帕特罗克洛斯战死后重归战场复仇,并最终取得胜利的故事。《吉尔伽美什》和《伊利亚特》都是世界历史上杰出的史诗作品,而两位主人公又具有极为相似的出生和经历。基于此,本文将首先分别分析两部史诗中体现出的英雄观——何谓英雄和生死观——如何面对必然的死亡,进而分析它们各自的诞生背景和所属社会文化的差异,并最终在比较中探寻不同社会文化塑造英雄和对待生死的不同。

治愈文化对青年身份认同与心理韧性影响的多维解析

当代青年治愈文化的兴起,深刻反映了现代社会快速变迁、经济压力与文化冲突对青年心理和情感需求的深层次影响。通过解析治愈文化的社会历史背景、结构性要素及其内在逻辑,可以揭示治愈文化对青年身份认同与心理韧性的双重影响。治愈文化在缓解身份焦虑、提升心理韧性方面发挥了积极作用,同时也带来了个体原子化、“虚弱主体性”、虚假安全感和集体记忆扭曲、消费主义陷阱等潜在风险。为有效应对这些挑战,亟须探索在治愈文化的积极影响与其潜在问题之间实现平衡的路径,以更好地促进青年群体的心理健康与社会适应能力的构建。

中国与菲律宾企业家双边贸易决策模式比较研究——基于跨文化心理学视角

文章旨在分析中国和菲律宾企业家在风险偏好、创新倾向以及跨文化适应性方面的心理差异,并探究这些差异如何影响两国间的贸易决策实践。通过采用定量的问卷调查方法,结合描述性和推论性统计分析,对来自中国和菲律宾的80名企业家进行了比较研究。研究结果显示,中国企业家表现出较强的创新倾向和跨文化适应性,而菲律宾企业家则在风险偏好方面表现得更为突出。这些心理差异不仅会对贸易策略选择产生影响,也在跨文化交流和合作中起着重要作用。

能否“对陌生人微笑”?——从情感估价理论看微笑的文化差异

不同国家和民族对能否在公众场合向陌生人微笑有不同的规约。该研究首次基于情感估价理论对东西方文化中微笑的复杂含义进行解读,分别从情感状态分类、情感状态的影响因素、理想情感的作用几方面进行剖析。研究发现,不同国家、民族对陌生人微笑的处理方式不同;其与微笑的规范性和元规范性有较强相关;西方人倾向于高唤醒、积极的理想情感,东方人倾向于低唤醒、积极的理想情感;理想情感来源社会实践中的文化影响和社会目标;西方人较东方人更倾向于影响他人,因此更易对陌生人微笑。该研究为阐释东西方对陌生人微笑的差异提供了新的解读视角。