Dynamic aggregation evolution of competitive societies of cooperative and noncooperative agents

We propose an evolution model of cooperative agent and noncooperative agent aggregates to investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors of the system and the effects of the competing microscopic reactions on the dynamic evolution. In this model, each cooperative agent and noncooperative agent are endowed with integer values of cooperative spirits and nonco- operative spirits, respectively. The cooperative spirits of a cooperative agent aggregate and the noncooperative spirits of a noncooperative agent aggregate change via four competing microscopic reaction schemes： the win-win reaction between two cooperative agents, the lose-lose reaction between two noncooperative agents, the win-lose reaction between a coop- erative agent and a noncooperative agent （equivalent to the migration of spirits from cooperative agents to noncooperative agents）, and the cooperative agent catalyzed decline of noncooperative spirits. Based on the generalized Smoluchowski＇s rate equation approach, we investigate the dynamic evolution behaviors such as the total cooperative spirits of all coop- erative agents and the total noncooperative spirits of all noncooperative agents. The effects of the three main groups of competition on the dynamic evolution are revealed. These include： （i） the competition between the lose-lose reaction and the win-lose reaction, which gives rise to respectively the decrease and increase in the noncooperative agent spirits; （ii） the competition between the win-win reaction and the win-lose reaction, which gives rise to respectively the increase and decrease in the cooperative agent spirits; （iii） the competition between the win-lose reaction and the catalyzed-decline reaction, which gives rise to respectively the increase and decrease in the noncooperative agent spirits.

Modern British Scientific and Technological Societies and Agricultural Development

In modern Britain,the scientific and technological societies represented by the Royal Society and the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society were extremely prosperous.Their series of activities provided scientific and technological support for the development of British industry and agriculture.Based on the detailed case studies of the Royal Society and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society and other societies from domestic and foreign academic circles,this paper summarized the development status of modern British scientific and technological societies as a whole,sorted out the history of societies participating in British agriculture,and analyzed the contribution of scientific and technological societies to the development of modern British agriculture.

A Letter to Member Societies of WFAS

World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion（WJAM）has published for nearly 4 years.The journalaims″to promote understanding and cooperation among acupunctue-moxibustion societies around theworld,to strengthen international academic exchanges and to develop the sciences of acupuncture-moxibustion,thereby to contribute to health for mankind″.We hope that each member of WFASshould make full use of the journal to exchange clinical experiences,to publicize achievements in experimental researches and acupuncture education and to introduce your acupuncture group andacupuncturlst’s individual career to the world.All contributions from any country are welcome.

A Letter to Member Societies of WFAS

Dear/Sir,World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion（WJAM）has published for nearly 4 years.The journalaims“to promote understanding and cooperation among acupunctue-moxibustion societies around theworld,to strengthen international academic exchanges and to develop the sciences of acupuncture-moxibustion,thereby to contribute to health for mankind”.We hope that each member of WFASshould make full use of the Journal to exchange clinical experiences,to publicize achievements in ex-perimental researches and acupuncture education and to introduce your acupuncture group andacupuncturist’s individual career to the world.All contributions from any country are welcome.

A Letter to Member Societies of WFAS

World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibust ion (WJAM ) has published for nearly 3 years. The journalaims' to promote understanding and cooperation among acupunctue-moxibust ion societies around theworld, to strengthen international academic exchanges and to develop the sciences of acupuncture-moxibustion, thereby to contribute to health for mankind', We hope that each member of WFASshould make full use of the journal to exchange clinical experiences, to publicize achievements in ex-perimental researches and acupuncture education and to intreduce your acupuncture group andacupuncturist’s individual career to the world. All contributions from any country are welcome.

The Role of Traditional Leaders in Governance Structure Through the Observance of Taboos in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie Societies of Ghana

The specific objective of the study was to identify the role of traditional leaders in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie in the governance structure of their societies through the observance of taboos.It was to have a good understanding of what constitutes governance and good governance in the context of the indigenous set-up;to assess the current nature of governance related taboos;and to evaluate the impact of contemporary society on taboos and the consequence of any impact of contemporary society on the taboos on indigenous governance.The research was guided by Creswell’s knowledge on research paradigm to describe a researcher’s philosophical view and conceptualization of reality.The research adopted mixed method approach in achieving the objective of the research by obtaining empirical data for the research questions.Two sets of instruments were adopted for data gathering.The first instrument was an interview guide that was used to solicit structured data from the respondents in order to elicit more candid and objective replies.The second instrument was a questionnaire,which was used in order to gather the exact responses relevant to the research from participants.The study found out that traditional rulers occupy unique position,hence in order to maintain certain standards to please their subjects on whose authority they rule,they cannot avoid observing taboos.It further showed that the Chieftaincy institution is an institution that cannot be done away with.It is recommended that both citizens and non-citizens in these traditional societies should be made to appreciate,respect and observe taboos associated with taboo days as a means to promote unity,peace and governance.

A Practical Classroom Teaching Method on An Introduction of Cultures and Societies of English-speaking Countries

An Introduction of Cultures and Societies of English-speaking Countries is a required university course for English majors to provide background knowledge in China.The traditional teaching mode,focusing on presenting cultural background knowledge by purely input information,has some limitations,especially for the class more than 60 students.If we combine the Task-based Teaching method with the Cooperative Learning method to teach this course,we can at fully attract students to actively join the classroom teaching,transferring it from inputting knowledge to fostering the students' competence on self-studying and practices.

World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Center for Translation

The mission of the Center for Translation is to promote international dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine with service first and quality oriented.Our top-level and excellent talent team includes famous experts at home and abroad as consultants,senior,middle-aged and young expertswith international background of traditional Chinese medicine,English editors and senior translators.85% of the members are owning master degrees or above.Those talentsare from universities,research institutions of TCM and Beijing Foreign Studies University etc.

World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Center for Translation

The mission of the Center for Translation is to promote international dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine with service first and quality oriented. Our top-level and excellent talent team includes famous experts at home and abroad as consultants, senior, middle-aged and young experts with international background of traditional Chinese medicine, English editors and senior translators. 85% of the members are owning master degrees or above. Those talents are from universities, research institutions of TCM and Beijing Foreign Studies University etc..

World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Center for Translation

The mission of the Center for Translation is to promote international dissemination of Traditiona Chinese Medicine with service first and quality oriented.Our top-level and excellent talent team includes famous experts at home and abroad as consultants,senior.