Paths for the Coordinated Development of Rural Economy and Environment in Economically Underdeveloped Areas——A Case of Huaian,China

Taking Huaian as an example,the rural economic and environmental problems in economically underdeveloped areas are expounded.The results show that rural areas in economically underdeveloped areas confront with lagged economic development,serious environmental pollutionand scarce shortage of equipments for treating environmental pollution.The causes of problems are analyzed,including inadequate fiscal supportfrom the local government;unscientific system for assessing government officers' performances;backward ideas in environmental protection and im-perfect laws and regulations on environmental protection.Based on these causes,the strategy of employing the circular economy to promote the co-ordinated development of rural environment and economy in economically underdeveloped areas is put forward.The strategy covers transformingthe way of agricultural production;adjusting agricultural production structure;positively collecting funds and increasing the input on handling rural en-vironmental problems;strengthening the efforts on promotion and education,and forming the healthy habits of consumption;enforcing supervisionand establishing a professional administration team for protecting rural environment;laying stress on rural technological innovation and strengtheningthe force of expansion;accelerating the path of industrialization and promoting the industrialization of villages and towns vigorously.

Innovation Analysis of Rural Agricultural Economic Management Model in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

[Objectives]To explore innovative strategies for rural agricultural economic development in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.[Methods]This research adopts the method of literature review and field research,systematically combs the research results related to the Belt and Road Initiative and rural agricultural economic management,and deeply understands the actual situation of rural agricultural economic management.[Results]The research shows that in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative,the rural agricultural economy is facing new development opportunities and challenges,but there are also some problems.In the new period,we should accelerate the innovative development of rural agricultural economy by promoting market-oriented reform,strengthening scientific and technological innovation,optimizing the industrial structure,deepening international cooperation and other measures.The Belt and Road Initiative provides an important opportunity for the innovation of rural agricultural economic management.Rural agricultural economic management should be actively integrated into the Belt and Road construction to improve the level of rural agricultural economic management.[Conclusions]This study provides useful exploration and reference for the innovation of rural agricultural economic management models,which helps to promote the healthy development of rural agricultural economy and achieve the goal of rural revitalization.

Recommendations for Development of Rural Labor Service Economy from the Perspective of Urban and Rural Integration

Rural labor service economy is a method turning rural surplus human resources to economic resources,to realize increase of social wealth. Developing the rural labor service economy has profound influence on promoting transfer and employment of rural surplus labor,and speeding up industrialization and urbanization. Rural labor service economy is a huge and complex systematic project for promoting urban and rural integrated development and increasing farmers' income. This paper firstly analyzed importance and urgency of accelerating the development of rural labor service economy. From the perspective of urban and rural integration,it came up with pertinent recommendations,including establishing security mechanism and improving rural labor security mechanism,creating preferential conditions and encouraging farmers to return to hometown,exploring potential and promoting nearby labor transfer to promote rapid economic development,improving public employment service system,and cultivating and developing labor market. It is expected to provide certain references.

Economic and Financial Structural Adjustment at Village Level: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Guizhou Province

Village-level economy is not only the important foundation for promoting grass-roots agricultural and rural modernization, but also an essential guarantee for sustainable development of small scale economy of rural farmer households. Research on this field will play a significant role in rural economic development of Guizhou Province. Taking the observation data from 1999 to 2009 in 10 fixed observation villages in Guizhou Province, we carried out empirical survey and analysis on land scale and use structure, scale and composition of fixed assets for production, level and composition of operational income, and level and composition of financial revenue and expenditure at village level. Finally, we put forward conclusions and recommendations.

Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas——A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area,China

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.

Discussion on Cultivating the Idea of the Western Rural Market Economy

Along with the deepening of the economic system reform, the quickening of our country＇s steps joining WTO, and the enlarging of the discrepancies among different regions, how to promptly change the sense of the western rural areas to resolve the ＂the three problems connected with agriculture, peasants, and countryside＂ and utilize the market economy regulation and taking market as the direction has become the initial problem of the economic development in western countryside in order to push the smooth implement of the western development. This thesis starts with the essence, function, and other influential factors of this idea, systematically elaborates the current idea characteristics of each stratum in western countryside, discovers the reason that the sense of western rural areas falls behind the times, and definitely puts forward with new idea characteristics which is suitable for the economic development of the western rural areas, and also offer some policy suggestions on how to realize this change of the sense in western rural areas.

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

County financial ecology and the development of new socialist countryside in China

The new rural construction will involve many fields, such as the upgrade of the industrial structure of agriculture, the impravement of the efficiency in the use of agricultural resources, the increase of farmers＇ income, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and strengthening the construction of agricultural service system and circulation system.Finance, as the core of modem economy, should serve the new rural construction. However, there are many problems about the financial system in the rural area for a long time. So it is vital to build a good county financial eco-environment to promote the development of county financial systems and give full scope to the supporting function of finance. Only when we solve the problems in rural financial ecology and make clear the government ＇s fanction and activities, the county financial environment can function and be improved. Based on the reality of county economic development and starting from the connotation of county financial ecology, this paper analyzes the status quo of county financial eco-environment, especially the significance of optimizing the county financial eco-environment under the macroscopic background that the country proposed the socialist new rural reconstruction, and proposes the opinions and suggestions to construct and the maintain county financial eco-environment.

中国文化情境下价值感知对农户混农林低碳增汇措施采纳的影响

混农林是高效利用自然资源、减缓气候变化的生态农业模式,农户的混农林低碳增汇措施对其贡献“双碳”目标具有重要影响。基于陕南秦巴山区864份调研数据,运用多元Probit模型以及调节效应模型探讨中国文化情境下价值感知对农户混农林低碳增汇措施采纳的影响,并分析不同措施之间的关联效应以及社会权威的调节作用。结果表明:(1)农户的减少含碳要素投入与减少非合意产出、减少含碳要素投入与提高经营强度、减少含碳要素投入与加强森林保护以及提高经营强度与加强森林保护措施之间均存在互补效应;(2)功利感知对各低碳增汇措施均具有显著正向影响,合群感知对减少含碳要素投入具有显著正向影响,颜面感知对减少含碳要素投入和提高经营强度具有显著正向影响;(3)社会权威在合群感知、颜面感知与减少含碳要素投入,功利感知、颜面感知与提高经营强度,功利感知与加强森林保护的关系中起负向调节作用。建议政府从中国本土文化特征入手,激发农户响应“双碳”目标的内生力量,同时发挥不同措施与技术之间的协同效应,推动农林减排增汇的长效开展。

The Relationship between Government on One Side and the Market and Society on the Other in China’s Agricultural and Rural Development:An Analytical Framework

The integrated development of urban and rural areas requires that the government take responsibility for the overall development of the countryside. Chinese agricultural and rural policies characterized by state intervention and government leadership have played an important role in promoting agricultural development and increasing farmers’ incomes as well as balancing development in urban and rural areas. However, the effectiveness of current agricultural policies in promoting agricultural productivity is now clearly leveling off. Given this situation, the authors argue that it is imperative to construct a new analytical framework featuring government regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development. In this framework, the government must clearly define the boundaries between its activities and those of the market and rural social organizations. While fully respecting the fundamental role of the market in allocation of resources and rural self-management, the government should exercise its power as a backstop. Further, the government needs to establish a logical sequence for government functions such as formulating the basic operating system of the market and society, correcting market failure and social dysfunction and cultivating market/social entities. To use this new analytical framework to strengthen and improve its regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development, the government needs to reform the basic rural management and agricultural support and protection systems and to pay attention to the cultivation of market entities in agricultural production on the basis of agricultural marketization. Furthermore, it needs to construct a basic urban-rural integrated public service system with the government as the leading actor, carry out innovations in the management system of rural society and fully mobilize the social forces to take part in the administration of public affairs. It also needs to reconstruct the system of government administration and management to ensure the thorough implementation of agricultural and rural development policies.

Research on Realization Mechanism and Path of Beautiful Countryside under Perspective of Ecological Economic Compound System

The practice based on"beautiful countryside"studies the evolution of Chinese rural society from supply-demand resource allocation to welfare type,forms the symbiotic model for the mechanism of"One Belt,One Road", establishes regional macroeconomic fundamentals, conforms to the situation of the marketization of China’s rural society and the"integration"of urban &rural areas. And it reestablishes the welfare form of rural"phenomenological"philosophy and it develops economic, ecological &social macroeconomic model. The research and use on the openness of"rural system"can promote the formation of ecological structure of rural system, can construct the symbiotic model of rural society, can form the social welfare system including "ecological synthesis","industrial complex"and"institutional community", can realize rural social stratification,o rganization optimization & demand support,and can lay the foundation of stability with Chinese characteristics.

Cause Analysis of "Non-agricultural Trend" of Credit Cooperatives and Reversion Approaches

"Non-agricultural trend" of credit cooperatives is demonstrated as outflow of substantial contribution, application of credit fund in "non-agricultural sectors" and downsizing outlets. As a result, rural financial exclusion and insufficient effective supply of rural finance have been aggravated, and most rural households have been excluded from the service range of credit cooperatives. Major causes for such a trend were summarized as: (a) profit-driven nature of credit cooperatives; (b) conditionality of "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy; (c) influence of macro-environment. It is proposed that credit cooperatives would only revert their focus to "agriculture, rural area and peasant" economy only if rural financial exclusion and economic restrictions on the development of credit cooperatives were removed, and the macro-environment was optimized.

以银发经济推进农村互助养老发展的政策支持研究——以J省X市颐养之家为例

我国首部“银发经济”政策文件出台,为农村互助养老模式提供了“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的实践场域。通过对具有全国性影响的J省X市颐养之家的典型案例分析发现,当前农村互助养老模式的主要政策目标是为有需要的农村留守、独居及困难老年人提供基本生活保障的兜底型养老。在银发经济“产品化-商品化-产业化”阶段性发展的大趋势下,农村互助养老还可以是普惠式养老,更应该是高质量的积极养老。针对农村互助养老模式在政策执行中分配基础、分配内容、输送策略、筹资机制等方面存在的不足,建议将发挥有效市场作用与有为政府作用更好结合,进一步完善优化政策支持,纳入“一老一小”,扩展受益对象;引进商品化竞争机制,丰富服务供给;推动多主体跨部门合作,形成网状输送;划定红线并链接资源,发展团结经济,着力推动农村互助养老高质量发展。

农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的影响研究——基于电子商务进农村综合示范县准自然实验的证据

以2010—2022年中国2843个县域面板数据作为样本,借助多时点双重差分模型与调节效应模型,实证检验农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的直接效应与作用机制。结果显示,农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕产生正向推动作用,该结论经过多种形式稳健性检验与考虑内生性问题后依旧成立。中介效应结果表明,农业农村数字经济可通过提升区域创新能力与促进农村产业融合,间接赋能城乡共同富裕。调节效应结果表明,普惠金融可正向放大农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的推动作用。异质性结果显示,相较于贫困县、粮食主产区,农业农村数字经济对非贫困县地区、非粮食主产区城乡共同富裕的推动作用较强。

新型农村集体经济高质量发展赋能共同富裕——基于20个革命老区的实证

文章基于系统理论和组态视角,聚焦革命老区新型农村集体经济高质量发展对共同富裕的赋能作用及其多因素联动效应。采用动态QCA方法分析2016—2021年我国20个革命老区重点城市的面板数据,探索新型农村集体经济高质量发展在时间维度上的组态效应,并通过Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验探究各组态在革命老区覆盖度上的空间分布差异。研究发现:单个因素并不构成高共同富裕水平的必要条件,但科技创新与技术进步、人力资本的必要性存在逐渐递增的时间效应。四条组态的一致性水平均较高,都在0.85以上,进一步提炼出共同富裕的四条组态路径,分别为“人力-科技联动型”“制度创新主导型”“科技创新驱动型”及“乡土资源开发利用型”,其中,人力资本与土地利用之间存在替代效应;在时间维度上,总体表现为解释力逐步增强,且2020年出现骤增拐点;在空间维度上,有两条组态的覆盖度存在明显的地区分布差异。

数字经济赋能江西乡村产业振兴的机制、模式与路径

数字经济是以数字资源为关键要素、数字技术为核心动力、数字基建为硬件基础、数字平台为重要载体、产业振兴为最终目标的一种新经济形态。数字经济赋能乡村产业振兴是数字经济各组成部分对乡村产业振兴施以影响的全部过程,存在数据要素投入强化、数字技术赋能提升、数字平台创新支撑、数字环境建设保障四重作用机制。数字经济赋能乡村产业振兴有产业数字化、数字产业化两种模式,通过数字农业示范工程、农村电商壮大工程、智慧平台提升工程、移动物联培育工程、大数据治理工程、人工智能延伸工程、区块链应用工程等形式助力江西乡村产业振兴,并提出构建数据资源体系、完善数字基础设施、涵育数字产业生态、攻关数字核心技术、推行宏观配套政策、参与数字转型合作等政策建议。

金融如何有效服务于小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接?

实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接是实现农业农村现代化的重要任务,而金融是推动小农户融入现代农业的“源头活水”。当前,金融服务小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接在农村金融顶层设计优化、农村金融机构改革、信贷支持和保险保障、数字普惠金融等方面取得了积极进展,但是仍然存在扶贫小额贷款不适应新阶段的发展需要、小农户发展现代农业的筹资融资能力低、农业供应链金融对小农户带动作用有限、农村信用体系建设存在较大的短板、农业风险防范机制和分担机制尚不健全、农村基础设施建设的金融支持严重不足等现实困境。因此,要从农村金融服务体系、农村抵押担保体系、农业供应链金融、智慧化信用档案、创新激励和风险管理、农业基础设施金融服务六个方面进一步深化金融改革创新来助力小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接。本文为如何实现农业现代化提供新的视角,对加快建设农业强国具有一定的启示意义。

明清时期武陵山区农村经济发展探析——以黔东北地区为中心

随着改土归流的不断深入、国家权力的不断延伸以及外来移民的大量涌入,明清时期武陵山区的农村经济有了较大发展,具体表现在:农业生产技术有了较大提高,农业结构得到一定调整;农村手工业的进步较为明显,推动了山地资源的商品化生产;农村商品经济不断活跃,促进了农村市场的扩大。明清时期武陵山区农村经济的发展,为该区域其他社会事业的发展奠定了良好的经济基础,也为当今经济发展提供了历史借鉴和启示。

数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响研究——基于“宽带中国”试点政策的证据

数字经济正成为实现农业农村现代化的必由之路,“宽带中国”是推动数字经济发展的重要政策举措。该文利用2008—2022年中国295个地级市的面板数据,构建多期双重差分模型,基于“宽带中国”试点政策检验数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响,并对数字经济影响农业农村现代化的机制以及异质性进行进一步分析。研究发现:数字经济对农业农村现代化具有显著促进作用;机制分析表明,数字经济能够通过技术进步与人力资源促进农业农村现代化水平提升;异质性分析表明,数字经济对农业农村现代化的影响存在着区域异质性与农业农村发展水平异质性。基于此,该文提出要大力发展数字经济、推动数字基础设施建设,加强数字乡村建设、促进农业农村现代化发展,推动技术进步与人力资源水平提升,实施差异化发展政策,缩小区域差距等建议。

人工智能赋能低空经济:应用场景与未来方向

低空经济是指以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器在海拔3000米以下的各类飞行活动作为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的新兴经济形态和效益。2024年全国两会期间,“低空经济”被写入政府工作报告。报告提出,“积极培育新兴产业和未来产业”“积极打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎”。我们可以通过解析人工智能赋能低空经济、大数据驱动的部分应用场景(智慧城市建设、智慧交通运输、智慧路桥监测、智慧农业农村),理解低空经济创造的新质生产力,探讨低空经济推进智慧城乡建设和国家经济发展的逻辑与路径。