A Cognitive Study on Politeness Intention Processing and Its Association with Pragmatic Failure in Cross-Cultural Communication

Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explore the cognitive mechanism of politeness intention processing,and how it is related to pragmatic failure during cross-cultural communication.Using 30 Chinese EFL university students who were instructed to finish a probe word judgment task with 96 virtual scenarios,the results indicate that within both mono-and cross-cultural contexts,the response time in the experimental scenarios was significantly slower than that of the filler scenarios.This suggests that politeness intention was activated while understanding the surface meaning of the conversation;however,the EFL learners could not completely avoid the negative transfer of their native politeness conventions when they were comprehending the conversational intention of the target language.Furthermore,no significant differences in response time were found between the groups with high and low English pragmatic competence,illustrating that transferring the pragmatic rules and principles into cross-cultural communication skills was more cognitively demanding.Overall,this study adds to the literature on politeness research and provides some implications for foreign language pragmatic instructions.

Exploration of Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failures in English Interpretation and Their Solutions

From the perspective of international market development and international cultural exchange,English is the main applied language,especially in most western countries.With the deepening of global economic integration and international trade,cultural collisions are becoming increasingly frequent,and interpretation in different languages is inevitably required.However,interpretation does not only mean transfer language,it also involves culture.In the practice of interpretation,some errors arise from the lack of cross-cultural awareness,which becomes pragmatic errors.Therefore,this article will mainly discuss cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation with some examples and specific solutions.Firstly,it will introduce what pragmatic failures are and typical types of failures,clarify the relationship between English interpretation and pragmatic failures,and then elaborate on representative cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation.Finally,it will summarize the reasons and solutions that lead to cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation,putting forward corresponding suggestions for reducing cross-cultural pragmatic failures.

Error,Mistake和Pragmatic Failure的分类及溯源

本文提出 error,mistake和 pragmatic failure的分类方法 ,并根据传统的教学对错误的界定、我国学者对错误分析的相关论述、《美国传统辞典》和《现代英汉综合大词典》对 error和 m istake的词汇释义以及 Corder和 Widdow-son有关错误的分类理论对如此错误分类进行了溯源 ,以支撑此种分类方法。

Research of Socio-Pragmatic Failures in Cross-Cultural Communication

Dozens of studies on socio-pragmatic failures carried out over the past 20 years have yielded rich on this research subject. The paper makes a specific illustration on the reasons of the socio-pragmatic failures that English learners encounter in crosscultural communication. It also analyzes all the possible factors which might cause miscomprehension in cross-cultural communication. The goal is to explore some effective approaches to handle these socio-pragmatic failures in cross-cultural communication.

The Study for the Causes of Pragmatic Failure

This paper,based on the questionnaire,deduces the causes of pragmatic failure which are summarized into four:The different value orientation between the two cultures,consisting individualism versus collectivism,power distance,connotation versus denotation,and orientation towards time,negative transfer of equivalent structures and behaviors,insufficient or improper teaching and the scarcity of universal knowledge for communication.

On the Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure in Interpretation

Interpretation is a face-to-face cross-cultural communication.Understanding and avoiding pragmatic failure is of great significance to interpretation.Guided by the theory of pragmatic failure in pragmatics,this paper analyses pragmatic failure,i.e.pragmatic-linguistic failure and socio-pragmatic failure,which frequently emerge in interpretation,aiming at reducing misunderstanding in communication.

Pragmatic Failure In Intercultural Communication Based on Negative Transfer

In recent years, with the fast development of economy, international trade makes the communication constantly hap pen between people who come from different cultural backgrounds. Generally, the cultural difference may interrupt the commu nication and cause the failure of communication. A communicator, who is affected by his native culture, sometimes cannot under stand the foreigners' intention or express himself exactly in foreign language. Then, it is pragmatic failure. The thesis is to search the ways to solve the problem by analyzing the pragmatic failure.

The Study of Pragmatic Failure:From the Perspective of Cultural Differences between China and Britain

The intercultural pragmatics is a field that is concerned broadly in recent years. Cultural difference is an essential factor that caused the pragmatic failure. It is an inevitable fact that Chinese and British have different language habit because of different cultural backgrounds. As a result, pragmatic failure has an effect on the access to information and cause communication misunderstanding even influence communication going with a swing. This thesis tries to analyze the pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication from the perspective of cultural differences, find the reason and put forward the measures that can solve this problem.

A Study of Pragmatic Failure of Address Forms in Cross-cultural Communication

As the process of globalization moves on,cross-cultural communication has been a part of people' s daily lives.It is quite important for people to know how to behave properly in many situations.The present study analyses the phenomena of pragmatic failure of address forms.The study may help enhance peoples' awareness on polite address in cross-cultural communi cation and improve their communicative competence.Foreign language teachers can get implications for their teaching methods,paying more attention on cultural teaching.In addition,the author hopes that equal cultural communication and multi-cultural concept can be achieved.

Pragmatic Transfer and Failure in High School Students' English Writing and its implications for English Teaching

Pragmatic transfer is an evitable phenomenon in foreign language learning.When the rules of the native language and the target language are the same,the transfer can be positive;otherwise,negative transfer arises.From the perspective of pragmatics,this paper classifies and makes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pragmatic failure in students' writing and elucidates the implications for the teaching of English writing.

A Literature Review of Pragmatic Failure

In 1983, Jenny Thomas published her"Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure"in Applied Linguistics.Since its introduction, pragmatic failure has rapidly become an issue of broad interest in the field of linguistics. This essay aims to provide a literary review of pragmatic failure in regards to its definition, applications as well as prospects of research from both in China and abroad.

A Study of Pragmatic Failures in Cross-Cultural Communication

This paper focuses on pragmatic failures in cross-cultural communication and explores the difficult meanings in cross-cultural pragmatics. Through exploring the differences in address, greeting, politeness and other cross-cultural aspects, the author explains the cross-cultural basis for pragmatics. The author first explains certain concepts, including culture, pragmatics, pragmatic failures and cross-cultural communication, and then illustrates some pragmatic failures in cross-cultural communication and discusses the causes of these failures. Finally, she gives some suggestions on improving competence in cross-cultural communication. This thesis is intended to remind English learners of the importance of learning cultures of English-speaking countries and facilitate cross-cultural communication.

Pragmatic Failure in Sino-western Cross-cultural Communication and Implications for Improving Chinese EFL Learners' Communication Competence

Due to the social and cultural differences,people from different countries would always encounter pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication,which may lead to the breakdown of communication.In light of Thomas'(1983) classification of pragmatic failure,this article firstly analyzes the types of pragmatic failure in Sinowestern cross-cultural communication and their underlying factors.Then,the article tries to explore the strategies for avoiding such pragmatic failures and improving Chinese EFL(English as a Foreign Language) learners' communication competence from the perspective of English instruction.In Sino-western cross-cultural communication,there are mainly two types of pragmatic failure:pragmalinguistic failure and socio-pragmatic failure.Cultural difference and negative transfer of the mother language are the major factors for pragmatic failure.In English teaching,teachers should arouse students' cross-cultural awareness,effectively combine cultural instruction with language teaching,carry out extra-curricular cross-cultural communication activities,and develop students' good habit of leaning English.

Hierarchical Research on Pragmatic Failures of Apology in Public Events Under the Vision of New Media

Under the new media,the dissemination and the influence of public events are often far more profound than traditional media.Therefore,it has gained a high degree of social attention.We take the apology mistakes in public events as an example,sort out the types and causes of the mistakes into a context,and propose some relevant strategies.

Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failures and Language Teaching

In cross-cultural communication, it is found that many communicational aims could not be successfully achieved, even if the speaker is good at using the target language. The problem may lie in the insufficient awareness of the cultural differences. This paper aims to point out the importance of cross-cultural communication in language teaching by discussing the different types of the cross-cultural pragmatic failures.

Chinese Learners' Pragmatic Failure in Communication with English Native Speakers

Chinese Learners' pragmatic failure can be divided into pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure.Pragmalinguistic failure stems from inappropriate pragmalinguistic transfer and teaching-induced errors.Sociopragmatic failure is mainly caused by cross-cultural differences in the assessment of such socio-cultural variables as size of imposition and social distance,and also by the deviation from rules of speaking.Inappropriate teaching materials are also an important cause of Chinese learners' sociopragmatic failure.

A Study of Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failures in Tourism Interpretation

In the tourism interpretation,guide interpreter incompetent in cross-cultural pragmatic awareness and ability happensto make various cross-cultural pragmatic failures,which would result in misunderstandings or even failures in communication.Thephenomenon of cross-cultural pragmatic failures in the tourism interpretation from two subdivisions:pragmalinguistic failure andsociopragmatic failure would be discussed from the interdisciplinary perspective,aiming to the promotion of the quality of tourisminterpretation and the advancement of the cross-cultural communication between China and the west.

An Analysis of Pragmatic Failure in Intercultural Communication

With the globalization of the world economy,intercultural communication is becoming more and more important.In China,more and more people learn English,Even though they have little difficulty in understanding the literal meaning of utterances when confronted with authentic communication situations,they may not interpret the utterances correctly,or express themselves appropriately.The problem of pragmatic failure has been holding an important position in the study of intercultural communication.In this paper I will mainly analyze the phenomena of pragmatic failure in senior middle school students'daily conversations in intercultural communication,and discuss the nature and causes of pragmatic failure in intercultural communication situations.After we gain a better understanding of the phenomena,recommendations will be made on how to avoid pragmatic failure,and to increase intercultural communicative competence in English.