Reversed-Phase-HPLC Assay Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Sodium Chlorides in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Solution for Infusion

A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chlorides in a drug solution for infusion. Sorbitol, Sodium lactate, and Chloride are all officially recognized in the USP monograph. Assay methods are provided through various techniques, with titrations being ineffective for trace-level quantification. Alternatively, IC, AAS, and ICP-MS, though highly accurate, are costly and often unavailable to most testing facilities. When considering methods, it’s important to prioritize both quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple HPLC simultaneous method was developed for the quantification of Chlorides, Sorbitol, and Sodium Lactate with a shorter run time. The separation utilized a Shimpack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm), with a flow rate of 0.6 mL per min. The column compartment temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the injection volume was set at 10 μL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were conducted in a 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid. The analytical curves demonstrated linearity (r > 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.79 to 3.8 mg per mL for Sodium Lactate (SL), 0.16 to 0.79 mg per mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 1.5 to 7.2 mg per mL for Sorbitol. Validation of the developed method followed the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP. The method exhibited precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. In accelerated stability testing over 6 months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is deemed suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Lactate, Sodium Chloride, and Sorbitol in pharmaceutical formulations and infusions.

Assessment of the inhibitory effects of sodium nitrite, nisin, potassium sorbate, and sodium lactate on Staphylococcus aureus growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A production in cooked pork sausage using a predictive growth model

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sodium nitrite,nisin,potassium sorbate,and sodium lactate against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)growth and staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs)production in cooked pork sausage by inoculating sausage samples containing preservative with an S.aureus strain producing staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA)and then storing them at 37℃ for 36 h.Samples were analyzed every 3 h to count the S.aureus colonies and to detect SEA.The modified Gompertz model was used to describe S.aureus growth in the samples under various conditions,and the preservatives with a significant antimicrobial effect were selected.In addition,the antimicrobial effects of the selected preservatives under various concentrations were tested.Results showed that sodium nitrite,nisin,and potassium sorbate had a weak effect against S.aureus growth and had no effect against SEA production,whereas sodium lactate could significantly inhibit S.aureus growth and SEA production.Moreover,the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate was concentration-dependent,wherein sodium lactate concentration<12 g/kg showed no inhibitory effect,but when the concentration was increased to 24 g/kg,sodium lactate could effectively inhibit S.aureus growth and SEA production,and at 48 g/kg,sodium lactate had a significant inhibitory effect.

Comparison of half-molar sodium lactate and mannitol to treat brain edema in severe traumatic brain injury:A systematic review

Purpose:Hypertonic fluids such as mannitol and half-molar sodium lactate are given to treat intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(TBI).In this study,sodium lactate was compared to mannitol in patients with TBI to investigate the efficacy in reducing intracranial pressure(ICP).Methods:This study was a systematic review with literature research on articles published in any year in the databases of PubMed,ScienceDirect,Asian Journal of Neurosurgery,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.The keywords were"half-molar sodium lactate","mannitol","cerebral edema or brain swelling",and"severe traumatic brain injury".The inclusion criteria were(1)studies published in English,(2)randomized control trials or retrospective/prospective studies on TBI patients,and(3)therapies including half-molar sodium lactate and mannitol and(4)sufficient data such as mean difference(MD)and risk ratio(RR).Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results:From 1499 studies,a total of 8 studies were eligible.Mannitol group reduced ICP of 0.65 times(MD 0.65;p=0.64)and improved cerebral perfusion pressure of 0.61 times(MD 0.61;p=0.88),better than the half-molar group of sodium lactate.But the half-molar group of sodium lactate maintained the mean arterial pressure level of 0.86 times,better than the mannitol group(MD 0.86;p=0.09).Conclusion:Half-molar sodium lactate is as effective as mannitol in reducing ICP in the early phase of brain injury,superior over mannitol in an extended period.It is able to prevent intracranial hypertension and give better brain tissue perfusion as well as more stable hemodynamics.Blood osmolarity is a concern as it increases serum sodium.

Experimental Investigation of Reversible Modulation of Biological Fluid Crystallogenesis

Free and initiated by 0.9% sodium chloride solution yielding of crystals was studied in the urine of the 35 healthy people. The metabolites—sodium lactate and sodium pyruvate—were superinduced into the dryable biological system in the increasing physiological concentrations. Regularities of the neogenic mixtures’ crystallization were revealed according to the metabolites dose. We showed the antagonistic tendencies in the parameters’ change at the increasing concentrations of the different metabolites—substratum of the enzyme’s opposite reactions—relying on the comparative estimation of the crystalloscopical and tezigraphical indices’ dynamics. Our own data and literature information brought us to a new conception of the biofluid’s stability as a crystallogenetic solution. According to it any substance injected into a dehydrated biological system proves to be a stabilizing or destabilizing agent which leads to a significant reorganization of the biocrystallogenesis. This phenomenon may cause a development of a management strategy of the biological crystallogenesis processes.

The effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone,estradiol and prolactin on sodium/iodide symporter mRNA expression in mouse lactating mammary gland cells under different iodine levels

Objective The present study investigated the sodium/iodide symporter mRNA expression in mouse lactating mammary gland cells under different iodine levels and the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),estradiol(E2)and prolactin(PRL)on NIS mRNA expression in mouse lactating mammary gland cells.