In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor film...In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films by spin-coating NaCl solution.In subsequent selenization process,the introduction of Na Cl is found to be benefacial for the formation of Cu2-xSe,which can further facilitate the element transportation,leading to dense and smooth CZTSSe films with large grains and less impurity Cu2Sn(S,Se)3phase.SIMS depth profiles confirm the gradient distribution of the sodium element in Na-doped absorbers.Photoluminescence spectra show that the introduction of appropriate sodium into the absorber can inhibit the band tail states.As high as 11.18% of power conversion efficiency(PCE)is achieved for the device treated with 5 mg mL^-1 NaCl solution,and an average efficiency of Na-doped devices is 10.71%,13%higher than that of the control groups(9.45%).Besides,the depletion width and the charge recombination lifetime can also have regular variation with sodium treatment.This work offers an easy modification method for high-quality Na-doped CZTSSe films and high-performance devices,in the meantime,it can also help to further understand the effects of sodium in CZTSSe solar cells.展开更多
The most common and aggressive type of brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The prognosis for GBM remains poor with a five-year survival rate between 1% and 2%. The prospects for patients with recurrent GBM (...The most common and aggressive type of brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The prognosis for GBM remains poor with a five-year survival rate between 1% and 2%. The prospects for patients with recurrent GBM (RGBM) are much worse, with the majority dying within 6 months. This publication provides a brief description of the treatment of 11 GBM patients treated with sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) in combination with pazopanib, m-TOR inhibitors, and other agents. The treatment was associated with tolerable side effects and resulted in objective responses in 54.5% of cases (complete response 18.2%, partial response 36.3%) and 27.3% cases of stable disease. The preferable treatment regimen consisted of PB, pazopanib, dasatinib, everolimus, and bevacizumab (BVZ). For various reasons not all patients were compliant with the treatment regimen. In patients who strictly complied with the treatment plan, all responded as CR or PR. Based on preliminary findings, the authors propose further phase I/II clinical trials with PB in combination with pazopanib, dasatinib, everolimus, and BVZ in patients with RGBM who failed standard surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. With proper dose reductions, the treatment appears to be well-tolerated. Molecular profiling of patient subgroups with favorable genomic signatures may help to select patients for future studies.展开更多
A new and effective strategy was proposed for preparing new organic-inorganic composite biosorbent with spherical silica as supporting core and chitosan（CS）-based hybrid layer as shell based on sol-gel reaction and ...A new and effective strategy was proposed for preparing new organic-inorganic composite biosorbent with spherical silica as supporting core and chitosan（CS）-based hybrid layer as shell based on sol-gel reaction and simple treatment with sodium hydroxide（NaOH）. The coating layer was covalently bound on the supporting silica through polysaccharide incorporated sol-gel process starting from CS and inorganic precursor γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane（GPTMS）. GPTMS had epoxide groups and cross-linked amine groups of CS to avoid its acidic solubilization. The composite biosorbent had coarse surface due to the wet phase-inversion by treating in NaOH solution. The prepared biosorbent could be used in treating electric plating wastewater.展开更多
Sodium beta alumina（Na-β-alumina） films were synthesized by heat treatment of NaAl6O（9.5）and γ-NaA1O2 films at temperatures of 1 373-1 573 K.Single-phase γ-NaA1O2 and NaAl6O（9.5） films were prepared by laser ...Sodium beta alumina（Na-β-alumina） films were synthesized by heat treatment of NaAl6O（9.5）and γ-NaA1O2 films at temperatures of 1 373-1 573 K.Single-phase γ-NaA1O2 and NaAl6O（9.5） films were prepared by laser chemical vapor deposition at the deposition temperatures of 976 and 1 100 K,respectively.Subsequent heat treatment of the films resulted in the formation of Na-β-alumina with α-Al2O3 at temperatures above 1 373 K for NaAl6O（9.5） and 1 473 K for γ-NaA1O2.On heat treatment at temperatures of 1 473-1 573 K,the faceted morphology with terraces of the as-deposited（110）-oriented γ-NaAlO2 films transformed to a porous morphology with platelet grains comprising Na-β-alumina and α-Al2O3.On heat treatment at temperatures of1 373-1 473 K,the pyramidal,faceted grains of as-deposited NaAl6O（9.5） films transformed to planer,shapeanisotropic morphology in the film of mixed Na-β-alumina and α-Al2O3.A dense morphology was observed in both the as-deposited and heat-treated NaAl6O（9.5） films.展开更多
Firstly, the water-quality characteristics of intestinal lavage wastewater and enzymolysis wastewater from the typical heparin sodium pro- ductive process were analyzed, and then the segregation treatment was applied ...Firstly, the water-quality characteristics of intestinal lavage wastewater and enzymolysis wastewater from the typical heparin sodium pro- ductive process were analyzed, and then the segregation treatment was applied in the treatment of enteric coating and heparin sodium manufacturing wastewater. Finally, the treatment of the two kinds of wastewater by different methods were discussed. The results showed that, COD of enzymolysis wastewater treated by centrifugation-coagulation-Fenton reagent oxidation-adsorption process was lower than 100 mg/L, while intestinal lavage wastewater treated by coagulation-ASBR-SBR process could meet the first standard of Comprehensive Discharge Standard of Sewage （GB8978-1996） after one month of continuous operation.展开更多
The effect of lime on the pre-desilication and digestion of gibbsitic bauxite in synthetic sodium aluminate liquor at different tem- peratures was investigated. The bauxite is comprised of gibbsite, aluminogoethite, h...The effect of lime on the pre-desilication and digestion of gibbsitic bauxite in synthetic sodium aluminate liquor at different tem- peratures was investigated. The bauxite is comprised of gibbsite, aluminogoethite, hematite, kaolin, quartz, and minor boehmite. Lime in- creases the desilication efficiency of the bauxite during the pre-desilication process by promoting the conversion of sodalite and cancrinite to hydrogamet. Desilication reactions during the digestion process promoted by lime result in the loss of A1203 entering the red mud, but the amount of aluminogoethite-to-hematite conversion promoted by lime leads to the increase of aluminogoethific A1203 entering the digested liquor. The alumina digestion rate at 245~C is higher than that at 145 C due to the more pronounced conversion of aluminogoethite to hema- tite. The soda consumption during the digestion process decreases due to lime addition, especially at higher temperatures.展开更多
Chloride in manganese ore adversely affects mineral extraction. The mechanisms and the factors that influence an alkali pretreatment to removal chlorine from manganese ore were explored to eliminate hazards posed by c...Chloride in manganese ore adversely affects mineral extraction. The mechanisms and the factors that influence an alkali pretreatment to removal chlorine from manganese ore were explored to eliminate hazards posed by chlorine during the electrolysis of manganese. The results showed that sodium carbonate, when used as an alkaline additive, promoted the dissolution of insoluble chloride, enhanced the migration of chloride ions, and effectively stabilized Mn^（2＋）. The optimal conditions were a sodium carbonate concentration of 0.45 mol·L^（-1）, a liquid-solid ratio of 5：1 mL ·g^（-1）, a reaction time of 1 h, and a temperature of 25°C. The chlorine removal efficiency was greater than 95%, and the ore grade（Mn） was increased by 2.7%.展开更多
Porous glass was prepared by thermally treating sodium borosilicate glass for different time, the effect of thermal treatment on pore size distribution was discussed and the pore size of the prepared porous glass was ...Porous glass was prepared by thermally treating sodium borosilicate glass for different time, the effect of thermal treatment on pore size distribution was discussed and the pore size of the prepared porous glass was measured by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and differential thermal analysis （DTA）. The results show that the optimum porous glass with an average diameter of 80 nm can be prepared by thermal treatment at 600℃ for 12 h and then acid treatment for 12 h in 2 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid solution.展开更多
Because the use of phosphates has being recently diminished in meat industry due to the nutritional drawbacks of phosphates, some researchers started to evaluate sodium bicarbonate as phosphate replacer in meat produc...Because the use of phosphates has being recently diminished in meat industry due to the nutritional drawbacks of phosphates, some researchers started to evaluate sodium bicarbonate as phosphate replacer in meat products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temperature combinations of dry air-cooking treatments (Air and Core temperatures: 160 - 76, 160 - 80, 200 - 76 and 200℃ - 80℃, respectively) on chemical composition, texture properties, water activity, freezable water and bound water, color, pH, and water binding capacity of phosphate and bicarbonate-marinated chicken breast. A batch of 24 h post-mortem broiler breast meat of 80 fillets was divided into two groups of marination treatments (0.3% sodium bicarbonate n = 40, 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate n = 40) and was vacuum tumbled (45 min, ?0.95 mbar, 20 rpm). Different temperature-combinations cooking treatments significantly modified the chemical composition. Bicarbonate marinated fillets showed higher ability to retain water (67.3% vs. 65.7%, P 0.05) during severe heat treatment and lower cook losses (30.7% vs. 33.4%, P 0.05) when compared with phosphate-marinated fillets. The effect of changing the cooking temperatures on Texture Profile Analysis (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness) was more tangible in phosphate marinated fillets than bicarbonate. Bicarbonate-marinated fillets showed significant differences in the percentage of bound water, latent heat, and water activity after cooking in comparison to phosphate-marinated fillets. The results of this study revealed that phosphate-marinated fillets interacted with heat treatments in different patterns in comparison with bicarbonate-marinated fillets.展开更多
Plant-based concretes are produced from plant aggregates and a binder.Plant fibers are mainly composed of saccharides(sugars)and these sugars can decrease the concentration of Ca2+ions in the cement pore solution and ...Plant-based concretes are produced from plant aggregates and a binder.Plant fibers are mainly composed of saccharides(sugars)and these sugars can decrease the concentration of Ca2+ions in the cement pore solution and delay the formation of hydration products.To improve the interfacial bond between fibers and matrix a chemical treatment is widely used.This study investigates the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on physical and hygroscopic properties of Typha aggregates.In particular,a 5%sodium hydroxide solution is used to treat these aggregates and their bulk and absolute densities,porosity,water content and water absorption are evaluated accordingly.Results indicate that bulk and absolute densities increase after treatment from 56.44 kg/m^(3) to 122.57 kg/m^(3) and 541.93 kg/m^(3) to 555.17 kg/m^(3),respectively.NaOH treatment reduces porosity of Typha from 89.58%to 77.92%and decreases water content from 1.4%to 1%.The treatment with sodium hydroxide reduces substantially the water absorption of the aggregates.展开更多
Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution i...Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution issues and generate economic benefits. In this work, the wet reclamation sewage was filtered, and the filtrate was causticized with a quicklime powder to produce a lye. The effects of causticization temperature, causticization time, and the amount of quicklime powder on the causticization rate were studied. The lye was used to dissolve the silica in the filtration residue to prepare a sodium silicate solution. The effects of the mass of filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time on sodium silicate modulus were studied. Finally, the recycled water glass was obtained by concentrating the sodium silicate solution, and the bonding strength of the recycled water glass was tested. The results showed that the causticization rate could be improved by increasing the amount of quicklime powder, causticization temperature, and causticization time, and the highest causticization rate was above 92%. Amorphous silica in the filtration residue dissolved in the lye. Increasing the amount of the filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time could improve the sodium silicate modulus. The bonding strength of the recycled water glass was close to that of commercial water glass. The recycled water glass could be used as a substitute for the commercial water glass.展开更多
El-Amir Muhammad’s minaret in Akhmim, Sohag, Egypt, is constructed of limestone and has been exposed to many factors of damage as a result of the high levels of ground water. Limestone is strongly affected by ground ...El-Amir Muhammad’s minaret in Akhmim, Sohag, Egypt, is constructed of limestone and has been exposed to many factors of damage as a result of the high levels of ground water. Limestone is strongly affected by ground water, especially when being impure. The current work discusses the results of analytical techniques including chemical testing to determine the types of soluble salts through optical microscopy, electronic scanning electron microscope with an X-ray energy dispersion system (ESEM) to study and determine the causes of rapid degradation. Microbial weathering phenomena toward limestone were also studied. Different bacteria and fungi were isolated from outdoors and indoors of air and limestone of the building of which Bacillus cereus OK447647, B. subtilis OK447648, Serratia marcescens OK447650, Pseudomonasoryzihabitans OK447649, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Cladosporium cladosporoids were the most representative. B. cereus OK447647 and B. subtilis OK447648 have shown ability for calcium carbonate dissolving. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sodium azide were investigated against the growth of microbial isolates. Sodium azide at 100 ppm was found to be the best treatment for bacterial isolates although it had no significant effect against fungi.展开更多
Objective To study the wound-healting ability of immobilized forms of miramistinum and metronidazole,based on a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose.Methods The research was made on an experimental model of a purulen...Objective To study the wound-healting ability of immobilized forms of miramistinum and metronidazole,based on a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose.Methods The research was made on an experimental model of a purulent wound and levomecol was used for comparison.Results During the experiment antimicrobial activity of made drugs was evaluated and the planimetric assessment of the process of epithelialization of the wound’s surface,bacterial load,morphometric examination of histological drugs for wounds and were made.ConclusionThe benefits of combination miramistinum and metronidazole,immobilized on a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose,compared with the drug levomecol.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51421002, 51627803, 91733301, 51761145042, 21501183, 51402348, 53872321, and 11874402)the Knowledge Innovation Program and the Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant XDB 12010400) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films by spin-coating NaCl solution.In subsequent selenization process,the introduction of Na Cl is found to be benefacial for the formation of Cu2-xSe,which can further facilitate the element transportation,leading to dense and smooth CZTSSe films with large grains and less impurity Cu2Sn(S,Se)3phase.SIMS depth profiles confirm the gradient distribution of the sodium element in Na-doped absorbers.Photoluminescence spectra show that the introduction of appropriate sodium into the absorber can inhibit the band tail states.As high as 11.18% of power conversion efficiency(PCE)is achieved for the device treated with 5 mg mL^-1 NaCl solution,and an average efficiency of Na-doped devices is 10.71%,13%higher than that of the control groups(9.45%).Besides,the depletion width and the charge recombination lifetime can also have regular variation with sodium treatment.This work offers an easy modification method for high-quality Na-doped CZTSSe films and high-performance devices,in the meantime,it can also help to further understand the effects of sodium in CZTSSe solar cells.
文摘The most common and aggressive type of brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The prognosis for GBM remains poor with a five-year survival rate between 1% and 2%. The prospects for patients with recurrent GBM (RGBM) are much worse, with the majority dying within 6 months. This publication provides a brief description of the treatment of 11 GBM patients treated with sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) in combination with pazopanib, m-TOR inhibitors, and other agents. The treatment was associated with tolerable side effects and resulted in objective responses in 54.5% of cases (complete response 18.2%, partial response 36.3%) and 27.3% cases of stable disease. The preferable treatment regimen consisted of PB, pazopanib, dasatinib, everolimus, and bevacizumab (BVZ). For various reasons not all patients were compliant with the treatment regimen. In patients who strictly complied with the treatment plan, all responded as CR or PR. Based on preliminary findings, the authors propose further phase I/II clinical trials with PB in combination with pazopanib, dasatinib, everolimus, and BVZ in patients with RGBM who failed standard surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. With proper dose reductions, the treatment appears to be well-tolerated. Molecular profiling of patient subgroups with favorable genomic signatures may help to select patients for future studies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20775039 and 20602009)the Natural Science Founda-tion of Shandong Province of China(No.ZR2009BM031 and Q2008B05)+1 种基金the Public Welfare Project of Marine Science Research of China(Nos.200705011 and 200805039)the Science Research Fund of the First Institute of Oceanograph of China
文摘A new and effective strategy was proposed for preparing new organic-inorganic composite biosorbent with spherical silica as supporting core and chitosan（CS）-based hybrid layer as shell based on sol-gel reaction and simple treatment with sodium hydroxide（NaOH）. The coating layer was covalently bound on the supporting silica through polysaccharide incorporated sol-gel process starting from CS and inorganic precursor γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane（GPTMS）. GPTMS had epoxide groups and cross-linked amine groups of CS to avoid its acidic solubilization. The composite biosorbent had coarse surface due to the wet phase-inversion by treating in NaOH solution. The prepared biosorbent could be used in treating electric plating wastewater.
基金Funded by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,a Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research(No.26560235)the ARCMG–IMR Cooperative Program(No.14G0402)of Tohoku Universitythe China Scholarship Council and the 111 Project(No.B13035)of China
文摘Sodium beta alumina（Na-β-alumina） films were synthesized by heat treatment of NaAl6O（9.5）and γ-NaA1O2 films at temperatures of 1 373-1 573 K.Single-phase γ-NaA1O2 and NaAl6O（9.5） films were prepared by laser chemical vapor deposition at the deposition temperatures of 976 and 1 100 K,respectively.Subsequent heat treatment of the films resulted in the formation of Na-β-alumina with α-Al2O3 at temperatures above 1 373 K for NaAl6O（9.5） and 1 473 K for γ-NaA1O2.On heat treatment at temperatures of 1 473-1 573 K,the faceted morphology with terraces of the as-deposited（110）-oriented γ-NaAlO2 films transformed to a porous morphology with platelet grains comprising Na-β-alumina and α-Al2O3.On heat treatment at temperatures of1 373-1 473 K,the pyramidal,faceted grains of as-deposited NaAl6O（9.5） films transformed to planer,shapeanisotropic morphology in the film of mixed Na-β-alumina and α-Al2O3.A dense morphology was observed in both the as-deposited and heat-treated NaAl6O（9.5） films.
基金Supported by the Project of Practical Innovation Training Program of Undergraduates in Jiangsu Province in 2012(232)
文摘Firstly, the water-quality characteristics of intestinal lavage wastewater and enzymolysis wastewater from the typical heparin sodium pro- ductive process were analyzed, and then the segregation treatment was applied in the treatment of enteric coating and heparin sodium manufacturing wastewater. Finally, the treatment of the two kinds of wastewater by different methods were discussed. The results showed that, COD of enzymolysis wastewater treated by centrifugation-coagulation-Fenton reagent oxidation-adsorption process was lower than 100 mg/L, while intestinal lavage wastewater treated by coagulation-ASBR-SBR process could meet the first standard of Comprehensive Discharge Standard of Sewage （GB8978-1996） after one month of continuous operation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51104041 and 51174054)
文摘The effect of lime on the pre-desilication and digestion of gibbsitic bauxite in synthetic sodium aluminate liquor at different tem- peratures was investigated. The bauxite is comprised of gibbsite, aluminogoethite, hematite, kaolin, quartz, and minor boehmite. Lime in- creases the desilication efficiency of the bauxite during the pre-desilication process by promoting the conversion of sodalite and cancrinite to hydrogamet. Desilication reactions during the digestion process promoted by lime result in the loss of A1203 entering the red mud, but the amount of aluminogoethite-to-hematite conversion promoted by lime leads to the increase of aluminogoethific A1203 entering the digested liquor. The alumina digestion rate at 245~C is higher than that at 145 C due to the more pronounced conversion of aluminogoethite to hema- tite. The soda consumption during the digestion process decreases due to lime addition, especially at higher temperatures.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (No.2015BAB17B00)
文摘Chloride in manganese ore adversely affects mineral extraction. The mechanisms and the factors that influence an alkali pretreatment to removal chlorine from manganese ore were explored to eliminate hazards posed by chlorine during the electrolysis of manganese. The results showed that sodium carbonate, when used as an alkaline additive, promoted the dissolution of insoluble chloride, enhanced the migration of chloride ions, and effectively stabilized Mn^（2＋）. The optimal conditions were a sodium carbonate concentration of 0.45 mol·L^（-1）, a liquid-solid ratio of 5：1 mL ·g^（-1）, a reaction time of 1 h, and a temperature of 25°C. The chlorine removal efficiency was greater than 95%, and the ore grade（Mn） was increased by 2.7%.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50302007)Chenguang Project of Wuhan(No.20055003059-7) 2003 Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing.
文摘Porous glass was prepared by thermally treating sodium borosilicate glass for different time, the effect of thermal treatment on pore size distribution was discussed and the pore size of the prepared porous glass was measured by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and differential thermal analysis （DTA）. The results show that the optimum porous glass with an average diameter of 80 nm can be prepared by thermal treatment at 600℃ for 12 h and then acid treatment for 12 h in 2 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid solution.
文摘Because the use of phosphates has being recently diminished in meat industry due to the nutritional drawbacks of phosphates, some researchers started to evaluate sodium bicarbonate as phosphate replacer in meat products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temperature combinations of dry air-cooking treatments (Air and Core temperatures: 160 - 76, 160 - 80, 200 - 76 and 200℃ - 80℃, respectively) on chemical composition, texture properties, water activity, freezable water and bound water, color, pH, and water binding capacity of phosphate and bicarbonate-marinated chicken breast. A batch of 24 h post-mortem broiler breast meat of 80 fillets was divided into two groups of marination treatments (0.3% sodium bicarbonate n = 40, 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate n = 40) and was vacuum tumbled (45 min, ?0.95 mbar, 20 rpm). Different temperature-combinations cooking treatments significantly modified the chemical composition. Bicarbonate marinated fillets showed higher ability to retain water (67.3% vs. 65.7%, P 0.05) during severe heat treatment and lower cook losses (30.7% vs. 33.4%, P 0.05) when compared with phosphate-marinated fillets. The effect of changing the cooking temperatures on Texture Profile Analysis (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness) was more tangible in phosphate marinated fillets than bicarbonate. Bicarbonate-marinated fillets showed significant differences in the percentage of bound water, latent heat, and water activity after cooking in comparison to phosphate-marinated fillets. The results of this study revealed that phosphate-marinated fillets interacted with heat treatments in different patterns in comparison with bicarbonate-marinated fillets.
文摘Plant-based concretes are produced from plant aggregates and a binder.Plant fibers are mainly composed of saccharides(sugars)and these sugars can decrease the concentration of Ca2+ions in the cement pore solution and delay the formation of hydration products.To improve the interfacial bond between fibers and matrix a chemical treatment is widely used.This study investigates the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on physical and hygroscopic properties of Typha aggregates.In particular,a 5%sodium hydroxide solution is used to treat these aggregates and their bulk and absolute densities,porosity,water content and water absorption are evaluated accordingly.Results indicate that bulk and absolute densities increase after treatment from 56.44 kg/m^(3) to 122.57 kg/m^(3) and 541.93 kg/m^(3) to 555.17 kg/m^(3),respectively.NaOH treatment reduces porosity of Typha from 89.58%to 77.92%and decreases water content from 1.4%to 1%.The treatment with sodium hydroxide reduces substantially the water absorption of the aggregates.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775204)
文摘Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution issues and generate economic benefits. In this work, the wet reclamation sewage was filtered, and the filtrate was causticized with a quicklime powder to produce a lye. The effects of causticization temperature, causticization time, and the amount of quicklime powder on the causticization rate were studied. The lye was used to dissolve the silica in the filtration residue to prepare a sodium silicate solution. The effects of the mass of filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time on sodium silicate modulus were studied. Finally, the recycled water glass was obtained by concentrating the sodium silicate solution, and the bonding strength of the recycled water glass was tested. The results showed that the causticization rate could be improved by increasing the amount of quicklime powder, causticization temperature, and causticization time, and the highest causticization rate was above 92%. Amorphous silica in the filtration residue dissolved in the lye. Increasing the amount of the filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time could improve the sodium silicate modulus. The bonding strength of the recycled water glass was close to that of commercial water glass. The recycled water glass could be used as a substitute for the commercial water glass.
文摘El-Amir Muhammad’s minaret in Akhmim, Sohag, Egypt, is constructed of limestone and has been exposed to many factors of damage as a result of the high levels of ground water. Limestone is strongly affected by ground water, especially when being impure. The current work discusses the results of analytical techniques including chemical testing to determine the types of soluble salts through optical microscopy, electronic scanning electron microscope with an X-ray energy dispersion system (ESEM) to study and determine the causes of rapid degradation. Microbial weathering phenomena toward limestone were also studied. Different bacteria and fungi were isolated from outdoors and indoors of air and limestone of the building of which Bacillus cereus OK447647, B. subtilis OK447648, Serratia marcescens OK447650, Pseudomonasoryzihabitans OK447649, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Cladosporium cladosporoids were the most representative. B. cereus OK447647 and B. subtilis OK447648 have shown ability for calcium carbonate dissolving. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sodium azide were investigated against the growth of microbial isolates. Sodium azide at 100 ppm was found to be the best treatment for bacterial isolates although it had no significant effect against fungi.
文摘Objective To study the wound-healting ability of immobilized forms of miramistinum and metronidazole,based on a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose.Methods The research was made on an experimental model of a purulent wound and levomecol was used for comparison.Results During the experiment antimicrobial activity of made drugs was evaluated and the planimetric assessment of the process of epithelialization of the wound’s surface,bacterial load,morphometric examination of histological drugs for wounds and were made.ConclusionThe benefits of combination miramistinum and metronidazole,immobilized on a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose,compared with the drug levomecol.
