Review of Three-phase Soft Switching Inverters and Challenges for Motor Drives

For electric vehicles (EVs),it is necessary to improve endurance mileage by improving the efficiency.There exists a trend towards increasing the system voltage and switching frequency,contributing to improve charging speed and power density.However,this trend poses significant challenges for high-voltage and high-frequency motor controllers,which are plagued by increased switching losses and pronounced switching oscillations as consequences of hard switching.The deployment of soft switching technology presents a viable solution to mitigate these issues.This paper reviews the applications of soft switching technologies for three-phase inverters and classifies them based on distinct characteristics.For each type of inverter,the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated.Then,the paper introduces the research progress and control methods of soft switching inverters (SSIs).Moreover,it presents a comparative analysis among the conventional hard switching inverters (HSIs),an active clamping resonant DC link inverter (ACRDCLI) and an auxiliary resonant commuted pole inverter (ARCPI).Finally,the problems and prospects of soft switching technology applied to motor controllers for EVs are put forward.

Study of Star-Delta Soft Switch to Extend AC Motor High Speed Operation Region

In traction application,speed range of motor is an important index for motor drives.In AC motor control,the maximum speed of the motor is limited by the output voltage capability of the traditional three-phase inverter with star connenction of windings.Switching the star connection to delta connection in high-speed range can extend the speed range.In order to extend the speed operation region,star-delta switch proposed by many literatures relies on mechanical relay,which needs a dead zone of tens of milliseconds and seriously affects torque output.Besides,the traditional method will cause current overshoot during the switch transient process,decreasing the device security and reliability.Aiming at the defects existing in the star-delta hard switching,this paper proposes a star-delta soft switching method.Without adding extra power electronics devices,DC-bus capacitor is used to provide the path of zero axis current in the transient process,which helps to achieve the smooth torque output and zero current switch in the transient.Experiments have been done to validate the performance of the proposed method.The switching transient from star to delta connection in the motor drive can be much more stable than hard switching method.

Soft-switching Grid-connected PV Inverter With Interleaved Flyback Topology

提出一种应用于单个光伏组件的软开关交错反激并网逆变器拓扑及其软开关控制策略。针对反激变压器漏感问题，提出漏感能量吸收回馈电路，实现了漏感能量吸收再利用，并实现了开关管漏源电压的钳位，提高了变换效率同时降低了开关管关断电压尖峰；提出基于数字处理器的反激变换器变开关频率谐振软开关控制策略，实现了开关管的零电压开通，同时改善了逆变器的电磁兼容特性；提出的交错并联反激逆变器有助于减小变压器和滤波器的体积，提高功率密度。详细分析变换器的工作原理，分析变开关频率谐振软开关控制方式的原理和实现条件，最后进行实验验证。

基于双模式变频移相调制的单级式双有源桥型DC-AC变换器

针对单级式双有源桥(DAB)型DC-AC变换器关断电流较大和软开关范围有限的问题,该文提出一种双模式变频移相调制策略。首先,对DAB变换器的单移相(SPS)调制和扩展移相(EPS)调制进行时域分析,得到其功率传输特性;然后,分析变换器的关断电流与软开关条件,得到移相比和开关频率约束方程;在此基础上,分析双模式间的移相比边界条件,提出变换器运行模式的切换机制,从而在实现变换器单级功率变换的同时,保证全范围软开关并降低低压侧的关断电流;最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提调制策略的有效性与可行性。

高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的变控制频率软开关调制策略

针对高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高效率要求,提出了一种变控制频率软开关调制策略。该调制策略在基于零矢量嵌入的分段同步控制策略基础上,以单控制周期平均功率不变为原则,通过改变控制周期长度,并调整一个控制周期内的电压矢量排布,优化脉冲宽度,使变换器在换流时全部开关器件的零电压开通成为可能。通过仿真分析和实验证明,采用本文提出的变控制频率调制策略,变换器在整流和逆变模式下,均可实现网侧电流三相平衡正弦,功率因数达到0.981,输出电压纹波小,最高效率达到96.9%,实现了高性能、高效率运行。

宽增益高效率级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器

为了解决变频控制的桥臂共用型四开关Buck-BoostLLC级联变换器磁性元件设计和优化困难的问题,提出一种二次侧为特殊全桥整流结构的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器。通过控制二次侧开关管的交叠导通时间以拓宽变换器的电压增益。该变换器可根据不同的输入电压范围工作在交叠模式和整流模式;在不改变变换器参数的条件下将增益显著提高,能够适应更宽范围的输入电压,同时保持了变换器较高的工作效率。在两种工作模式的基础上,采用移相控制使变换器所有开关管实现零电压导通(ZVS),二极管实现零电流关断(ZCS)。结合状态平面轨迹分析法,对定频控制的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器进行模态分析,并推导两种工作模式下的输入-输出表达式和开关管的软开关实现条件。最后,通过研制一台70~280 V输入、240 W/28 V输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于PWM+移相的双有源半桥DC-DC变换器分析及其控制

该文针对双有源半桥(DAHB)DC-DC变换器宽电压范围运行下电容电压计算不准确、单移相控制粗放等不足,提出一种基于PWM+移相的三自由度优化控制(TFC)策略。首先,基于DAHB的数学模型,推导桥臂串联电容稳态电压表达式。在此基础上,从最小化回流功率角度得到三自由度控制的最优开关模式,推导了电流、功率等关键电气量的解析表达式,并获得以电流应力最小化为目标的包含等式和不等式约束的局部最优解方程组。其次,针对最优方程组难以解析求解的问题,采用模型简化+线性近似的方法求取其局部最优解,得到DAHB全工况PWM+移相的三自由度优化控制策略。然后,分析所提出的三自由度优化控制下DAHB变换器的软开关特性。最后,通过仿真及实验验证了桥臂串联电容稳态电压表达式的正确性和三自由度优化控制策略的有效性。

Rugged Resonant Pole and Its Applications in Soft-Switching Converter

The soft switching operation principle and operation performance of rugged resonant pole (RRP) is given. The applications of RRP in soft switching DC DC converter and soft switching inverter are discussed in detail. RRP can constitute buck boost soft switching DC DC converter and isolated soft switching DC DC converter with the automatic limitation performance of output power. Partial series resonant DC DC converter with RRP can realize the zero voltage/zero current switching of power devices. RR...

Research on Rugged Resonant DC Link Soft-Switching Static Inverter

A novel resonant dc link soft switching static inverter topology is presented. The soft switching operation principle and pulse width modulation control feature of dc link is analyzed in detail. The discrete pulse control strategy of inverter bridge is discussed. The operation characteristics of inverter are analyzed and verified by experiment.

单级无桥Sepic谐振LED驱动电路及其APWM-PFM混合控制

针对传统两级式LED驱动电源中存在着半导体功率器件数目多,控制电路复杂,效率低,成本高,可靠性差等问题,提出一种单级无桥Sepic谐振LED驱动电路,通过将单开关无桥Sepic电路主开关管与半桥LLC电路下开关管复用集成单级LED驱动电路,减少了半导体功率器件数目,简化控制电路,提高了电路效率和工作可靠性。详细分析了所提出电路的工作原理和工作过程,深入开展了电路输入输出电压变比、网侧特性、软开关特性等稳态特性推导和电路关键参数设计,并针对所提出单级电路由于输入电压变化引起直流母线电压变动范围大等问题,分析设计了一种APWM-PFM混合控制策略。最后进行计算机仿真分析,并设计一台交流输入185~265 V_(rms)、额定输出2 A/96 W的实验样机,样机效率最高可达91.5%,PF最大值为0.995,THD最小为5.5%,不同交流电压下直流母线电压总体变化范围在60 V以内,实现直流母线电压限压。计算机仿真结果和实验结果验证所提出电路和混合控制策略的理论预期和有效性。

COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SOFT-SWITCHING ARC WELDING INVERTER POWER SOURCE

Based on the existing component models in the Pspice software package, a combined model for Insulat- ed the Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is established, in which a non - linear is introduced to represent the parasitic capacitance. Using this model, computerized simulation is conducted for the FB - ZVZCS - PWM soft - ewitching converter,the switching and energy-transferring characteristics of the components are analyzed.The simulation results are testified by experiments.It is proved that by abopting appropriate models,computerized simulation becomes an effective tool for investigation of arc welding inverter power source.

软开关高增益准YZ源DC-DC变换器

针对新能源发电系统中所需要的高升压非隔离变换器升压能力不足问题,文中基于Y源变换器和准Z源变换器的优点,提出一种软开关高增益准YZ源DC-DC变换器。所提变换器不仅提高了升压能力,还能够有效吸收漏感产生的电压尖峰。除此之外,应用同步整流技术,使得开关管和二极管工作在软开关条件,提升了转换效率。此外,所提变换器由于电源输入端连接的是单个电感,输入电流连续,电流纹波小。不仅如此,提出的变换器还具备开关管电压应力低、输入输出电压共地等优点。首先对所提变换器的工作模态和稳态进行分析;其次定量计算效率以及损耗分布;将所提变换器的性能与其他变换器进行对比,并明确设计要求;最后通过实验室制作的样机,验证所提变换器的有效性。

一种新型软开关双向大变比DC-DC变换器研究

目前,开关电源等电力电子设备主要的能量损耗集中在开关器件上的开关损耗,因此国内外学者对软开关技术进行了大量的深入研究,以期提高电力电子设备的效率。提出一种新型软开关双向大变比DC-DC变换器,通过软开关方案的设计与应用,减小了功率开关管电压尖峰,实现了各功率开关管相应的零电压开通与关断、零电流开通与关断,提升了变换器的效率。对所提变换器的工作原理和模态变化进行了详细的理论分析,并搭建了1台48~400 V、400 W实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

Simulation on Soft-Switching PWM Converter with High Power Factor

A new PWM converter based on soft switching is introduced. The converter uses a minimum number of devices, and requires less switching operations than conventional techniques. Switching is realized solely in a ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode, therefore the loss is reduced and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is suppressed. The paper analyzes the operation of ZVS, and discusses the methods for maintaining a unit power factor and constant DC voltage. Changing the modulation index M and the phase angle θ keeps the input current in phase with the voltage. It also keeps the current sinusoidal, and ensures a constant output voltage.

Reducing the minimum output power of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies

The full-bridge zero-voltage and zero-current switching inverter, which can adjust the output power by keeping the duty-cycle of lagging arm constant, changing the duty-cycle of leading arm, is a common circuit topology of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies. However, the output power still remains a certain value when the duty-cycle of leading arm decreases to zero. The working-mode of soft-switching inverter and the waveforms of major parameters with the condition of duty-cycle of leading arm being zero are studied in this paper. U-1 characteristic experiments prove that the minimum output power of soft-switching circuit, which depends on the charged voltage of capacitors in parallel with leading arm, can be decreased by reducing the duty-cycle of lagging arm. By switching working-modes between half-bridge and full-bridge, the output power can swing from zero to the power rating.

一种适合宽范围输出的双向DC-DC变换器

提出一种适合宽范围输出的双向DC-DC变换器。该变换器结构与传统LLC双向DC-DC变换器类似,但通过开关管复用以及将谐振电感增加绕组复用为一个反激变压器,构造了多种工作模式。变换器采用PWM调制,正向功率传输时有中、低两种电压增益模式,反向功率传输时有高、中、低三种电压增益模式,所有模式中均可实现全负载范围内的软开关状态。对各模式的工作原理、增益公式推导进行了详细的描述。最后以满足4-5节12 V蓄电池的充放电为前提,给出变换器设计和控制方法,并搭建了相应参数的实验样机。实验结果验证了该变换器分析的有效性。

一种多模式宽输出三桥臂DC-DC变换器

针对传统LLC谐振变换器重载工作时电压增益低,难以实现宽范围输出,同时低增益工作时开关频率高,开关管损耗大、电路效率低的问题,结合全桥LLC拓扑结构和线性-谐振(L-R)调制方法,提出一种多模式宽输出三桥臂DC-DC变换器。所提变换器在全桥LLC变换器的基础上增加一组L桥臂,通过将谐振电感复用为储能电感,在谐振传递能量前对谐振腔预先储能,从而提高传统谐振模式的电压增益。所提变换器采用脉冲宽度调制-脉冲频率调制(PWM-PFM)策略,具有高、中和低3种电压增益模式,拓宽了输出电压范围,且具有在全负载范围内软开关、环流小的优点。详细介绍了3种模式下变换器的工作原理,利用时域法推出增益公式,并对器件参数和闭环控制方法进行设计,最后通过搭建一台输入400 V,输出125~500 V的实验样机验证了理论的可行性。

Analysis of Soft-Switched High Frequency AC-AC Converter for Induction Motor Drive

The systematic mathematical analysis of the high frequency soft-switched AC-AC converter is proposed for variable frequency induction machine load in this paper. Both PWM and square-wave modes of operation have been considered. The frequency relation and phase unbalance problem due to discrete time integral half-cycle switching has been discussed in the beginning. Then, generalized Fourier series have been derived for output voltage, output current and supply current in two modes.The analytical results help to understand tbe converter characteristics, design optimally a convertermachine system of arbitrary capacity considering the various trade-off parameters.

Controlling the output power of soft switching arc welding inverter by two-stage continuous PWM method

The full bridge zero voltage zero current switching （ FB-ZVZCS ） , which could adjust the output power by keeping the duty ratio of lagging leg constant and changing the duty ratio of leading leg, was a common circuit of soft switching arc welding inverter power source. However, when the duty ratio of leading leg was reduced to zero, the output power stayed the constant value instead of becoming zero. The working status and waveforms of some major parameters were studied in this paper while the duty ratio of leading leg was zero. It was concluded that the minimum output power of soft switching inverter was related to the charging voltage of paraUel capacitors, and the output power also could be reduced by reducing the duty ratio of lagging leg. A novel two-stage continuous PWM control method that could switch working-mode between full bridge and half bridge was put forward in this paper. This kind of control method could further reduce the output power of soft switching inverter in order to meet the requirement of low heat input of sheet metal welding.

LIMITATION OF SOFT-SWITCHING TECHNIQUE IN AC/DC POWER CONVERTER'S EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

Soft-switching techniques are attractive to unity-power-factor AC/DC converter in the view of the size reduction and EMI suppression. A soft-switched boost PFC converter has been studied based on its topology analysis, PSIM simulation and circuit experiment. A special limitation of soft-switching techniques has been found in their AC/DC applications.