Hopkinson Effect in Soft Magnetic Materials

The μi-T curves of the alloy Fe73.5Cu1 Nb3Si13.5B9 in the amorphous state and in the nanocrys-talline state have been investigated. For comparison, μi-T curves of the other two kinds of typical soft magnetic alloys also have been measured. It was found that a sharp Hopkinson peak appeared at the Curie point for each amorphous and crystalline alloy but there was no Hopkinson peak for the nanocrystalline alloy at the Curie point of the residual amorphous phase. This phenomenon has been explained in terms of the characteristic temperature dependence of the effective magnetic anisotropy.

Effect of intermediate principal stress on strength of soft rock under complex stress states

A series of numerical simulations of conventional and true triaxial tests for soft rock materials using the three-dimensional finite difference code FLAC3D were presented. A hexahedral element and a strain hardening/softening constitutive model based on the unified strength theory(UST) were used to simulate both the consolidated-undrained(CU) triaxial and the consolidated-drained(CD) true triaxial tests. Based on the results of the true triaxial tests simulation, the effect of the intermediate principal stress on the strength of soft rock was investigated. Finally, an example of an axial compression test for a hard rock pillar with a soft rock interlayer was analyzed using the two-dimensional finite difference code FLAC. The CD true triaxial test simulations for diatomaceous soft rock suggest the peak and residual strengths increase by 30% when the effect of the intermediate principal stress is taken into account. The axial compression for a rock pillar indicated the peak and residual strengths increase six-fold when the soft rock interlayer approached the vertical and the effect of the intermediate principal stress is taken into account.

A dissolution-diffusion sliding model for soft rock grains with hydro-mechanical effect

The deformation and failure of soft rock affected by hydro-mechanical（HM） effect are one of the most concerns in geotechnical engineering, which are basically attributed to the grain sliding of soft rock. This study tried to develop a dissolution-diffusion sliding model for the typical red bed soft rock in South China. Based on hydration film, mineral dissolution and diffusion theory, and geochemical thermodynamics, a dissolution-diffusion sliding model with the HM effect was established to account for the sliding rate. Combined with the digital image processing technology, the relationship between the grain size of soft rock and the amplitude of sliding surface was presented. An equation for the strain rate of soft rocks under steady state was also derived. The reliability of the dissolution-diffusion sliding model was verified by triaxial creep tests on the soft rock with the HM coupling effect and by the relationship between the inversion average disjoining pressure and the average thickness of the hydration film. The results showed that the sliding rate of the soft rock grains was affected significantly by the waviness of sliding surface, the shear stress, and the average thickness of hydration film. The average grain size is essential for controlling the steady-state creep rate of soft rock. This study provides a new idea for investigating the deformation and failure of soft rock with the HM effect.

Determination of combined effect of ampli- fication and attenuation of soft rock site us- ing digital seismic data

In the paper, for the application of stochastic simulation of ground motion, we put forward a method to determine ″the combined effect of amplification and attenuation″ (combined effect for short) of soft rock site by using digital seismic data of moderate and small earthquakes. Our approach aims at solving the problem of the combined effect of soft rock site, which is difficult to determine in most regions of China because fewer measures were done for S-wave velocity structure. The combined effect of soft rock site can be determined by using the approach recom- mended by us. An example is given to discuss the practical application of the method.

Deployment of Soft Skills for Effective Customer Service in the 21^stCentury Library

The advent of information communication technology in the information environment has brought dramatic changes in the way information is being handled and managed today. This wind of change engineered by ICT has also changed the information seeking behavior of users making them to place more demands on libraries. There is a need for libraries to strive to be effective in their services to customers in order to remain relevant in the information age. The paper considered the deployment of soft skills expressed in terms of staff appearance, approachability, effective communication, positive attitude, ability to cope in difficult situation, and so on, for more effective customer services in the 21st century library. The paper concluded that, effective customer service in libraries is imperative in the 21st century library as it will make library users feel important, improves learning, increases patronage, and promotes library and university image. The outcome of this paper will help the management of libraries irrespective of the type to be more effective in the services they render to their clients. This will ultimately increase patronage and clients retention.

Analysis of mechanical behavior of soft rocks and stability control in deep tunnels

Due to the weakness in mechanical properties of chlorite schist and the high in situ stress in Jinping II hydropower station, the rock mass surrounding the diversion tunnels located in chlorite schist was observed with extremely large deformations. This may significantly increase the risk of tunnel instability during excavation. In order to assess the stability of the diversion tunnels laboratory tests were carried out in association with the petrophysical properties, mechanical behaviors and waterlweakening properties of chlorite schist. The continuous deformation of surrounding rock mass, the destruction of the support structure and a large-scale collapse induced by the weak chlorite schist and high in situ stress were analyzed. The distributions of compressive deformation in the excavation zone with large deformations were also studied. In this regard, two reinforcement schemes for the excavation of diversion tunnel bottom section were proposed accordingly. This study could offer theoretical basis for deed tunnel construction in similar geological condition~

Deformation failure and countermeasures of deep tertiary extremely soft rock roadway in Liuhai coal mine

In view of failure phenomena with nonlinear large deformation including extensive damage,whole section destruction in short time,high rate of repair,most destruction forms occurred in the tertiary roadway of soft rocks engineering in Liuhai mine,according to the methods of geological survey,theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and in-situ test,the composite failure mechanism of molecular expansion,tectonic stress,gravity stress and engineering deviatoric stress,faults and random joint in this area is analyzed deeply,then an coupling support of double-layer-truss is proposed.The research results show that the first wave of deformation energy was released by bolt-mesh-cable fixed into the roof,floor and two sides of the roadway.While the second wave of deformation energy was released through the interface function between double-layer-truss and the surrounding rock.The double-layer-truss that characterized by high strength,good integrity can absorb high deformation energy of surrounding rocks,which led to the uniform distribution of the stress.Engineering practice shows this technology has been successfully applied to control the deformation failure of the tertiary extremely soft rock roadway.

A flexible and robust soft-error testing system for microelectronic devices and integrated circuits

Single event effects(SEEs) induced by radiations become a significant challenge to the reliability for modern electronic systems. To evaluate SEEs susceptibility for microelectronic devices and integrated circuits(ICs), an SEE testing system with flexibility and robustness was developed at Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). The system is compatible with various types of microelectronic devices and ICs, and supports plenty of complex and high-speed test schemes and plans for the irradiated devices under test(DUTs). Thanks to the combination of meticulous circuit design and the hardened logic design, the system has additional performances to avoid an overheated situation and irradiations by stray radiations. The system has been tested and verified by experiments for irradiating devices at HIRFL.

PIPBQ Effect Aware SER Analysis for Combinational Logic Circuits

Technology scaling results in the propagation-induced pulse broadening and quenching（PIPBQ） effect become more noticeable.In order to effectively evaluate the soft error rate for combinational logic circuits,a soft error rate analysis approach considering the PIPBQ effect is proposed.As different original pulse propagating through logic gate cells,pulse broadening and quenching are measured by HSPICE.After that,electrical effect look-up tables（EELUTs） for logic gate cells are created to evaluate the PIPBQ effect.Sensitized paths are accurately retrieved by the proposed re-convergence aware sensitized path search algorithm.Further,by propagating pulses on these paths to simulate fault injection,the PIPBQ effect on these paths can be quantified by EELUTs.As a result,the soft error rate of circuits can be effectively computed by the proposed technique.Simulation results verify the soft error rate improvement comparing with the PIPBQ-not-aware method.

Measurement of Radioactivity in Carbonated Soft Drinks and Annual Dose Assessment

A set of measurements have been conducted, using gamma spectrometry technique, in order to determine the activity-level in some carbonated soft drinks. The obtained activity is about 0.18 ± 0.07 Bq/l for 137Cs, whereas it is less than 0.13, 0.18 and 4.51 Bq/l respectively for 212Pb, 214Pb and 40K. The total average annual dose is about 3.49, 1.69 and 1.68 μSv/y respectively for 7 - 12, 12 - 17 and >17 years old person leading to a radiological risk about 0.142 for adolescent and adults. The obtained results show no significant radiation dose and radiation hazard on human health due to the consumption of these carbonated soft drinks.

Biological effects of synchrotron radiation on crops

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深井松软围岩煤巷采动增跨效应及防控技术

针对深井松软煤巷围岩变形严重、巷道支护困难等问题,以城郊煤矿LW21106工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,建立了采动巷道增跨模型,揭示了采动增跨效应演化机理。通过构建巷道顶板横纵弯曲梁模型,指出顶板横向受力、巷道等效跨度、煤岩强度是巷道围岩损伤破坏的主控因素,提出了采动增跨效应防控对策并进行工业性试验。研究结果表明:受采动影响,巷道经历“初始围岩稳定—围岩裂隙发育扩展—围岩剪切破坏加剧—等效跨度增加”过程;巷道顶板最大正应力与应力集中系数、顶板等效跨度、巷道断面尺寸及埋深成正相关关系;巷道顶板在高应力环境下易发生拉剪破坏,增加顶板锚索数量以及锚索预紧力有利于增强顶板初期完整性。基于巷道变形破坏主控因素,提出“围岩加固–卸压–强化支护”协同防控策略;针对现场条件,采用煤柱侧向切顶+注浆加固并对破碎区域补充锚索强化支护的防控技术。现场监测结果表明,煤柱帮最大移近量为18.89cm,顶板下沉量为25.86cm,两帮移近量为29.65 cm,有效控制了煤巷围岩变形,为深井松软围岩巷道变形控制提供了参考。

Rapid Evaluation for Feed-axis Lubrication Condition Based on Soft Sensor

Stribeck effect is regarded as the most important feed-axis friction characteristics. According to the relationship between friction and lubrication,a rapid technology for feed-axis lubrication condition evaluation of computer numerical control( CNC) machine tools based on soft sensor is proposed. To obtain its state information,the static friction force,Coulomb friction force,and viscous coefficient are used as the key parameters of the soft sensor for tread analysis. Then the various amplitude and velocity triangular wave test curve, and a precise nonlinear model identification method are presented. The results of the experiments analysis show that this method is feasible and reliable for evaluating feed-axis lubrication condition,which lays the foundation for on-line condition monitoring and reliability evaluation for feed-axis lubrication of machine tools.

论软法的实施机制——以人工智能伦理规范为例

软法的广泛存在,并不意味着其切实地得到了遵守和执行。人工智能领域的软法——人工智能伦理规范——被证明存在“实效赤字”,其原因在于:人工智能伦理规范的非强制性,抽象性、模糊性,分散、混乱与叠床架屋,自愿遵守的动力不足,合规悖论,社会系统论困境,以及人工智能发展压倒约束的宿命论。但人工智能伦理规范因其灵活快捷性、多样适配性、合作试验性、事实压力性、跨国适用性而仍然有独特价值。经验研究表明,组织机制、合规压力机制、合规激励机制、技术方法论机制、基准机制以及软硬法互动机制,可推动软法的间接实施。价值共识与经济逻辑的结合、内在理由和外在推动的结合,是软法获得更多实效之道。

软土中单侧边载作用下桩基负摩阻力研究

软土中因土体压缩性较高,在边载状况下易产生桩基负摩阻力,从而对工程产生安全隐患。本文通过有限元法对软土中受边载作用的桩基础所受到的桩基负摩阻力进行数值模拟,分析了不同边载等级、不同边载位距对软土中桩基负摩阻力、中性点位置和桩身轴力的影响。结果表明,在边载等级增加时,软土中桩身轴力有明显上升趋势,并随桩体埋深增加呈非线性趋势增长,而桩基负摩阻力随深度变化呈现非线性减小的趋势,桩体的下拉力增加,边载效应增强;同等级边载效应时,当边载与桩基之间的距离增加时,软土中桩基负摩阻力逐渐减小,中性点位置位于桩体靠近底部位置处,并随边载位置改变而受到一定影响。

Characteristics and displacement mechanisms of the dispersed particle gel soft heterogeneous compound flooding system

Considering high temperature and high salinity in the reservoirs, a dispersed particle gel soft heterogeneous compound(SHC) flooding system was prepared to improve the micro-profile control and displacement efficiency. The characteristics and displacement mechanisms of the system were investigated via core flow tests and visual simulation experiments. The SHC flooding system composed of DPG particles and surfactants was suitable for the reservoirs with the temperature of 80-110 °C and the salinity of 1×10~4-10×10~4 mg/L. The system presented good characteristics: low viscosity, weak negatively charged, temperature and salinity resistance, particles aggregation capacity, wettability alteration on oil wet surface, wettability weaken on water wet surface, and interfacial tension(IFT) still less than 1×10^(-1) mN/m after aging at high temperature. The SHC flooding system achieved the micro-profile control by entering formations deeply and the better performance was found in the formation with the higher permeability difference existing between the layers, which suggested that the flooding system was superior to the surfactants, DPG particles, and polymer/surfactant compound flooding systems. The system could effectively enhance the micro-profile control in porous media through four behaviors, including direct plugging, bridging, adsorption, and retention. Moreover, the surfactant in the system magnified the deep migration capability and oil displacement capacity of the SHC flooding system, and the impact was strengthened through the mechanisms of improved displacement capacity, synergistic emulsification, enhanced wettability alteration ability and coalescence of oil belts. The synergistic effect of the two components of SHC flooding system improved oil displacement efficiency and subsequently enhanced oil recovery.

面向软体机器人的磁流变弹性体变刚度模型研究

软体机器人在柔性抓取时存在手爪刚度单一不足的情况,而且磁流变弹性体的变刚度范围有限,本文提出了一种变刚度范围大的磁流变弹性体模型。在磁流变效应基础上设计了一种以磁流变弹性体为主体材料的“菱形”变刚度模型,并给出了3D打印模型与铸造技术工艺。通过电磁铁产生的磁场,构建了一种磁-力耦合模型,分析了“菱形”变刚度模型主要刚度变化关系,探索了影响模型变刚度的因素。通过建立的实验平台,结果表明:本文提出的“菱形”模型可以大幅提高磁流变弹性体的变刚度范围,并且可以实现通过控制电流大小来控制模型的刚度大小,含有3个“菱形”结构的模型在磁场下刚度变化的百分比可以高达约58%,可使磁流变弹性体作为类“皮肤”应用在软体机器人手爪上。

预算软约束对地区经济增长的影响及其门槛效应研究

在内外需求日益疲软以及地方债务规模较大的情况下,我国推出了一系列积极的财政措施,这要求政府增加举债规模。本研究从全国范围和东、中、西部地区出发,使用基准回归模型和门槛效应模型对地方政府预算软约束对经济增长的影响进行了实证检验。研究发现,地方政府财政预算软约束显著阻碍了地区经济增长,且二者之间存在显著的门槛效应。异质性分析表明,地方政府预算软约束对经济增长的负向作用会受到区域差异的影响。因此,地方政府应采取优化转移支付制度、促进融资平台的市场化转型、完善过度负债约束机制、转变官员政绩考核理念、因地制宜地制定差异性防范政策等措施稳定地区经济增长。

软黏土地区深大基坑工程桩-连续墙体系空间变形效应

土体开挖过程中深大基坑存在明显的空间变形效应,对其主体结构力学行为产生影响。以新建苏州南站枢纽深大基坑为工程背景,考虑地连墙厚度及工程桩的影响,基于ABAQUS建立三维空间有限元模型,采用修正剑桥模型考虑软黏土的应变硬化特征,从地连墙侧向位移、墙后地表沉降、工程桩和坑底土体隆起3个方面,研究软黏土地区深大基坑工程桩-连续墙体系的变形特征及空间效应。研究结果表明:深大基坑地连墙的侧向位移和地表沉降均呈现明显的角部效应,基坑A区(地连墙厚度1 m、桩径1 m)地连墙侧向位移角部效应的影响范围为1.05~1.71倍开挖深度,基坑B区(地连墙厚度0.8 m、桩径1.5 m)地连墙侧向位移角部效应的影响范围为0.91~1.48倍开挖深度;基坑A区、B区地表沉降角部效应的影响范围分别为1.24~2.10和1.77~2.47倍开挖深度;深大基坑空间变形角部效应与工程桩桩径及地连墙厚度有关,并且对基坑长边的影响效果大于短边。工程桩可有效增大基坑开挖面以下土体的刚度,减小地连墙的侧向位移;增大地连墙厚度可有效降低基坑的整体变形。基坑工程桩与坑底土体隆起总体呈现中间大、周边小的特征,工程桩周边土体受其约束,隆起较小;在一定范围内,工程桩对土体隆起抑制作用与其桩径呈正相关,与其桩间距呈负相关。软黏土地区深大基坑设计计算中需关注工程桩-连续墙结构体系的空间变形效应。

不翻瓣种植术与翻瓣种植术对软组织影响的Meta分析

目的系统比较不翻瓣种植术与翻瓣种植术对种植体周围软组织产生的影响。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Clinical Trails、OpenGrey、OpenDoar、Scopus、Ovid等9个数据库,纳入比较不翻瓣种植术与翻瓣种植术修复缺失牙的相关随机对照试验,检索时限为从2013年1月1日到2023年8月27日,采用软件RevMan 5.3、Stata 14.0对符合纳入标准的研究进行Meta分析。结果共检得1245篇文献,最终纳入17项研究。Meta分析结果表明:不翻瓣种植术可产生更好的种植体周围软组织愈合,种植体成功率[均数差(MD)=1.06,95%可信区间(CI)(1.02,1.10),P=0.004]、角化龈宽度变化[MD=0.10,95%CI(0.00,0.20),P=0.04]、探诊深度[MD=-0.60,95%CI(-0.67,-0.53),P<0.00001]均优于翻瓣种植术,差异有统计学意义;改良牙菌斑指数[标准化均数差(SMD)=-0.41,95%CI(-0.81,0.00),P=0.05]、改良龈沟出血指数[SMD=-0.44,95%CI(-0.78,-0.10),P=0.01]最终合并结果显示优于翻瓣种植术;不翻瓣种植术龈乳头指数高于翻瓣种植术;两者间牙菌斑指数、牙龈指数变化的差异无统计学意义。结论与翻瓣种植术相比,不翻瓣种植术能实现更高的种植体成功率、更小的角化龈宽度变化、更小的探诊深度,不翻瓣种植术的改良牙菌斑指数、改良龈沟出血指数、龈乳头指数也存在优势。