A spin-based magnetic scanning microscope for in-situ strain tuning of soft matter

We present a magnetic scanning microscope equipped with a nitrogen-vacancy(NV) center scanning probe that has the ability to mechanically tune the strain of soft matter in-situ. The construction of the microscope and a continuous straintuning sample holder are discussed. An optically detected magnetic resonance protocol utilized in the imaging is described.In order to show the reliability of this microscope, the strain conduction is estimated with finite element simulation, and xray diffraction is required for calibration when freestanding crystal films are under consideration. A magnetic imaging result is displayed to demonstrate the nano-scale imaging capability. The microscope presented in this work is helpful in studying strain-coupled magnetic physics such as magnetic phase transition under strain and strain-tuned cycloidal orientation tilting.

Mesoporous polymers:soft-template self-assembly synthesis and applications

Mesoporous polymers combine the advantages of polymer materials(abundant polar functional groups,lightweight,flexibility,and processability)and mesoporous structures(high specific surface area,adjustable pore structure,and large pore volume);hence,they have great application potential in sensing,adsorption,catalysis,energy storage,biomedicine,etc.Currently,developing advanced synthetic strategies for mesoporous polymers and investigating their intrinsic applications have become hot research topics.Soft-template-based self-assembly is regarded as a promising approach for synthesizing mesoporous polymers.This work reviews recent progress in the synthetic strategy for producing various mesoporous polymers using soft-template selfassembly,focusing on the synthesis of conductive polymers,phenol-based polymers,and resin-based polymers and their potential applications.Finally,perspectives on future applications of mesoporous polymers,along with a few challenges that need to be resolved,are also discussed in this review.

Survival at Tumor Recurrence in Soft Matter

Survival at tumor recurrence in soft matter, after chemotherapy, is assessed by RNA folding. It is shown that this recurrence is starting with development of a fluidlike globule;it changes the energy of soft matter;it proceeds as a resonant mixing;and at the end it causes diffusion. This diffusion is interpreted as metastasis in soft matter. A tumor memory is designed for its recurrence oscillations. These oscillations are marked as positive or negative according to their influence on life stabilization or destabilization. It is demonstrated that a tumor memorizes two types of recurrences. The intensity of chemotherapy in soft matter for a tumor with such memory is obtained. Survival at tumor recurrence in soft matter, after chemotherapy, is assigned to one of the five regions of the phase diagram of the “thermalized” tumor by microenvironment. To each of these regions is collated a breast cancer survival class. It is found that the survival at tumor recurrence in soft matter, after chemotherapy, well represents actual survival of 32 patients with breast cancer.

Skin formation in drying a film of soft matter solutions：Application of solute based Lagrangian scheme

When a film of soft matter solutions is being dried, a skin layer often forms at its surface, which is a gel-like elastic phase made of concentrated soft matter solutions. We study the dynamics of this process by using the solute based Lagrangian scheme which was proposed by us recently. In this scheme, the process of the gelation（i.e., the change from sol to gel） can be naturally incorporated in the diffusion equation. Effects of the elasticity of the skin phase, the evaporation rate of the solvents, and the initial concentration of the solutions are discussed. Moreover, the condition for the skin formation is provided.

Spherical Packing Superlattices in Self-Assembly of Homogenous Soft Matter:Progresses and Potentials

The construction of complex superlattices using homogenous soft matter has great potential for the bottom-up fabrication of complex,nanoscale structures.This topic is not only interested in scientific exploring for new concepts of supramolecular crystals with nanometer in sizes,which is about thousand times larger in volumes than those of normal crystals,but also practically important to provide construction principles of metamaterials which are artificially structured materials for controlling and manipulating light,sound,and other physical behaviors.These systems have fast assembly kinetics and convenient processing procedures,making them ideal for large-scale superlattice production.In this perspective,we focus on recent developments in the construction of complex spherical packing superlattices using homogenous soft self-assemblies.We discuss the general mechanism of those formations of supramolecular motifs and provide an overview of the spherical packing superlattices self-assembled by homogenous soft matters based on different volume asymmetry.Additionally,we outline the potentials of utilizing this approach in constructing novel superlattices as well as its future challenges.

Survival Reassessment at Tumor Recurrence in Soft Matter

The paper reassesses a survival at tumor recurrence in soft matter. First, the stability of structural motifs under shear in clusters of dipolar spheres is characterized. Next, there are introduced transitions between polymer knots and rhythms of these transitions are obtained. The sensor is built for these rhythms. Treatment, with a tensile force protocol, is modeled, when the tumor in soft matter is observed by the above sensor. Survival probability, at tumor recurrence in soft matter, is defined for the treatment with a tensile force protocol. It is stated that the survival probability at a tensile force protocol treatment in soft matter confirms or specifies the prognostic survival of 32 patients with breast cancer.

THEORY OF LC BIOMEMBRANE——A PROBE INTO SOFT CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Soft condensed-state physics is a disciplinary frontier of 20th-century physics. An interdiscipline in nature, it involves biology, chemistry and even pure mathematics. Taking the liquid crystal (LC) biomembrane as an example, this article expounds the current development trend of this new and promising branch of contemporary physics.

自组装生物分子软物质材料及其物理特性

自组装生物分子软物质材料是以生物分子或生物分子基元为构建单元,通过自组织过程形成的一类新型软物质材料.因其组成单元的生物特性和其中弱相互作用驱动组装的特征,这类材料通常具有高度生物相容性、可逆组装、动态响应和微结构可控性等优势,在生物医学、组织工程和柔性传感等领域中被广泛关注并得到了相关研发和应用.本文简要介绍自组装生物分子软物质材料的基本构建原理和物理特性,并以氨基酸、多肽分子等组装单元为例,对三类自组装生物分子软物质材料(纳米材料、凝胶材料和复合材料)的自组装分子机制、材料构建思路、力学特性和功能应用场景做了具体阐述.我们认为自组装生物分子软物质材料的研究,将从结构单元的发掘和相关特性的表征,向多功能性质定制与前端应用集成方向发展,从而研发出崭新的复合智能生物软物质材料,进一步促进其在生物医学、有机半导体和软体机器人等新兴领域中的应用.

从果冻到软物质——几种不同类型水凝胶的制备及性质探究

水凝胶作为软物质的成员之一,是一种具有三维网络结构的新型功能高分子材料,以其含水量高、溶胀快、生物相容性好、对外界刺激响应灵敏等性质而被广泛应用于不同领域。本项目从生活中常见的果冻零食、水精灵玩具出发,逐步深入到适宜3D打印的水凝胶、可变形的水凝胶、基于热刺激的记忆-遗忘型水凝胶,面向不同的受众群体分层次科普水凝胶的知识、体验不同类型水凝胶的制备及性质探究实验,深入浅出地阐释实验背后的化学原理,提升公众的化学素养。

Emerging low-cost,large-scale photonic platforms with soft lithography and self-assembly

Advancements in micro/nanofabrication have enabled the realization of practical micro/nanoscale photonic devices such as absorbers,solar cells,metalenses,and metaholograms.Although the performance of these photonic devices has been improved by enhancing the design flexibility of structural materials through advanced fabrication methods,achieving large-area and high-throughput fabrication of tiny structural materials remains a challenge.In this aspect,various technologies have been investigated for realizing the mass production of practical devices consisting of micro/nanostructural materials.This review describes the recent advancements in soft lithography,colloidal self-assembly,and block copolymer self-assembly,which are promising methods suitable for commercialization of photonic applications.In addition,we introduce low-cost and large-scale techniques realizing micro/nano devices with specific examples such as display technology and sensors.The inferences presented in this review are expected to function as a guide for promising methods of accelerating the mass production of various sub-wavelength-scale photonic devices.

从软物质到拓扑力学超材料

软物质是物理学、化学和生物学的重要研究对象。在软物质中,等静定系统恰好处在力学稳定和非稳定的边缘,展现出丰富的物理性质,普遍存在于自然界和工程领域,如颗粒物质、细胞骨架纤维和软体机器人等。等静定系统展现出独特的力学性能极化现象,一侧因力学软模而展现出柔软性,另一侧则在自应力作用下异常坚硬,这种奇特的表面性质具有拓扑稳定性,对材料内部缺陷及外部破坏不敏感,为力学材料的创新设计提供了新视角,催生了“软物质拓扑力学”这一前沿领域。文章基于软物质的基本概念,融合拓扑能带理论,聚焦于力学超材料,讨论了软物质拓扑力学的发展历程及最新研究进展。

海相淤泥质固化土强度劣化规律试验研究

针对海相淤泥质软土中水泥搅拌桩成桩效果不佳的问题,选取天津地区某地铁工程施工现场海相淤泥质黏土,通过室内水泥土无侧限抗压强度试验,研究了可溶性盐和有机质含量对海相淤泥固化的无侧限抗压强度(UCS)的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其微观结构和物相特征进行分析。结果表明:土壤水泥的强度随可溶性盐和有机质含量的增加而降低,其主要通过破坏和抑制水泥水化产物的形成,进而降低水化产物的胶凝性能,破坏了水泥土结构,导致强度降低。该研究结果对解释海相淤泥质软土固化效果不佳的现象具有重要的意义。

Stabilization effects of surplus soft clay with cement and GBF slag

Utilization of industrial waste and surplus construction soft clay as construction material was recommended, and many attempts at geotechnical waste utilization were undertaken. This study aimed at the application of cement and a kind of industrial wastes, i.e. granulated blast furnace slag, on stabilization of surplus soft clay. The results showed that the cement and slag can successfully stabilize Ariake clays even though this high organic clay fails to be stabilized by lime and cement. Addition of slag in cement for stabilization induces higher strength than cement alone for longer curing time. The application of the cement with slag is more suitable than cement alone for stabilization because of economical consideration.

Self-Assembled Colloidal Crystals in Capillary with Its Fiber Junction

Silica microspheres self-assembled in glass capillary are investigated. Monodisperse silica microsphere dispersions in diameter 320nm are self-organized into a bulk cylindrical colloidal crystal by evaporation induced nucleation and crystallization. The resulting colloidal crystals are characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, and the SEM images show these crystals dominate in fcc lattice with its （111） crystallographic axis as longitudinal. The colloidal crystal filled capillary is packaged into a heat-shrink plastic tube and a fiber measurement system is designed to measure the optical property of colloidal bulk in capillary. It is found that an appreciable bandgap appears at wavelength 686 nm from the transmission spectroscopy, which is consistent with the theoretical estimation. A considerable photonic band gap of up to -10 dB and a steep photonic band edge of up to 0.25 dB/nm indicate that silica microspheres are promising for implementing optical filter applications in fiber systems.

Multiple patterns of diblock copolymer confined in irregular geometries with soft surface

The different confinement shapes can induce the formation of various interesting and novel morphologies, which might inspire potential applications of materials. In this paper, we study the directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer confined in irregular geometries with a soft surface by using self-consistent field theory. Two types of confinement geometries are considered, namely, one is the concave pore with one groove and the other is the concave pore with two grooves. We obtain more novel and different structures which could not be produced in other two-dimensional（2D） confinements. Comparing these new structures with those obtained in regular square confinement, we find that the range of ordered lamellae is enlarged and the range of disordered structure is narrowed down under the concave pore confinement.We also compare the different structures obtained under the two types of confinement geometries, the results show that the effect of confinement would increase, which might induce the diblock copolymer to form novel structures. We construct the phase diagram as a function of the fraction of B block and the ratio of h/L of the groove. The simulation reveals that the wetting effect of brushes and the shape of confinement geometries play important roles in determining the morphologies of the system. Our results improve the applications in the directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer for fabricating the irregular structures.

Transition Between Solid-like and Liquid-like States in Soft Silica Suspensions

The influences of silica volume fraction, electrolyte concentration and pH value upon the stress dependence of elastic modulus G′and viscous modulus G″ were investigated. The results show that the suspension transforms from a liquid-like state to a solid-like state with increasing the volume fraction of silica. Such a solid-like state can be transformed back into a liquid-like state under the application of a larger stress. At the higher volume fraction, the larger critical stress is required to induce the transition from solid-like to liquid-like state. As the electrolyte concentration decreases or pH value increases, the inter-particle force increases, which causes the state transition to occur at a higher stress.

水体系结构与动力学性质理论研究

软物质物理是一个集生命科学、化学科学、材料科学与物理科学于一体的、具有高度交叉的基础研究学科,对人类社会的日常生活、工业活动及基础研究方面有着至关重要的影响.本综述主要总结了厦门大学软物质团队在软物质系统的一个重要分支——水体系的相关研究中取得的一系列重要进展,包括液滴的电浸润动力学、水结冰成核动力学及气体水合物的结构与力学特性的理论研究,为今后的研究提供了重要的数据参考与理论依据.

锂离子电池电解液导电添加剂的研究进展

电解液的Li^(+)传导性对锂离子电池的充放电性能至关重要。综述电解液导电添加剂的研究进展,介绍优势品种的工作原理。15-冠醚-5可通过与Li^(+)配位促进电离,从而降低电解液黏度、提高电导率;表面酸性的二氧化硅(SiO_(2))可通过吸附阴离子促进电离;介孔SiO_(2)可作为电解液骨架,制备不需要隔膜且兼顾导电性和安全性的理想电解质。对电解液导电添加剂的应用进行展望,未来需要加大对软物质电解质的研究力度。

Bio-inspired supramolecular self-assembly towards soft nanomaterials

Supramolecular self-assembly has proven to be a reliable approach towards versatile nanomaterials based on multiple weak intermolecular forces. In this review, the development of bio-inspired supramolecular self-assembly into soft materials and their applications are summarized. Molecular systems used in bio-inspired ＂bottom- up self-assembly＂ involve small organic molecules, peptides or proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. Self-assembled soft nanomaterials have been exploited in various applications such as inorganic nanomaterial synthesis, drug or gene delivery, tissue engineering, and so on.

材料、能源、机械工程中高效的电流变技术——从机理到应用

电流变(ER)技术是一种基于电流变效应的先进技术。电流变技术中最常见的材料是电流变液(ERF)。电流变液是一种软物质智能材料,其黏度可以通过施加电场来可逆地调节。电流变液的衍生物、一种新型的电响应软物质材料——电流变弹性体(ERE),由于其不沉降、易封装的优点也得到了越来越多的关注。电流变材料由于其可逆可调、快速响应、低能耗等特性在机械工程中有着广泛的应用。除了基础的电流变材料的合成和应用以外,电流变技术还应用在了能源材料制备、石油运输、储能等诸多领域。电流变技术在能源领域的应用为其在其他领域的潜在应用提供了一个很好的范例。本文结合最新的研究成果,从机理到应用,系统地综述了电流变技术在材料、能源和机械工程等领域的研究现状和未来发展前景。