Research on Soil Conservation and Improvement Technology in Zhaoyang District

The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.

Steel Slag as an Iron Fertilizer for Corn Growth and Soil Improvement in a Pot Experiment

The feasibility of steel slag used as an iron fertilizer was studied in a pot experiment with corn. Slag alone or acidified slag was added to two Fe-deficient calcareous soils at different rates. Results showed that moderate rates (10 and 20 g kg-1) of slag or acidified slag substantially increased corn dry matter yield and Fe uptake. Application of steel slag increased the residual concentration of ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable Fe in the soils. The increase of extractable Fe was usually proportional to the application rate, and enhanced by the acidification of slag. Steel slag appeared to be a promising and inexpensive source of Fe to alleviate crop Fe chlorosis in Fe-deficient calcareous soils.

Soil Quality Evaluation and Technology Research on Improving Land Capability——A Case Study on Huanghuaihai Plain in Shandong Province

Based on the geochemical data obtained from the national project about the prevention and control of soil contamination, this paper explored the properties of soil chemical elements in Huanghuaihai Plain, Shandong Province. The results showed that among the grade-one nutritive elements in soil, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were relatively deficient while potassium was rich. Meanwhile, as the grade-two nutritive elements, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide were relatively short and sulfur’s content was abundant. About the other beneficial and trace nutri-tive elements, iron oxide, manganese, molybdenum and boron were deficient, but the content of chlorine was high, hardly lack. The main barriers to improving land productivity were soil salinization and soil heavy metal contamination. The values of soil integrated fertility index that most of the soil in the study area is middle-lower fertilized. Specifical y, the low fertility area and lower fertility area are 6 1604 and 1 244 km2 respectively, occupying about 97.43% and 1.97% of the total area. The moderate fertility soil has an area of 172 km2, occupying about 0.27% of the total area. The higher fertility soil covers an area of 128 km2, while the high fertility area of only 76 km2. This article proposed scientific fertilization, elimination of soil obsta-cle, remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil and other effective measures to improve land productivity according to the basic investigation results, which provides a good technological support for the planning and development of good-quality and high-benefit agriculture.

Biochar Applied with Organic Fertilizer Improves Alkaline Soil Properties and Crop Yield

Biochar(BC)is widely applied in agricultural production for its multiple uses such as carbon sequestration.However,application of BC alone has limited effect on soil fertility and crop yield,especially alkaline soil.Therefore,a pot experiment on Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa var.glabra)was carried out in this study to investigate the effect of BC applied with organic fertilizer(OF)on alkaline soil properties and crop yield.To be specific,BC and OF were respectively applied at 0,1%,2%,and 3%,and Chinese cabbage was transplanted and cultivated for 2.5 months.Results showed that BC and OF increased the content of both organic matter and available P in alkaline soil(P<0.05).Moreover,the application of OF alone decreased the pH value but raised available N content of alkaline soil,and the application of only BC demonstrated the contrary effect(P<0.05).OF significantly improved crop yield(P<0.05),but the effect of BC was insignificant.Crop yield was the highest under the treatment of 1%BC and 3%OF.Thus,BC had limited effect on alkaline soil fertility and crop yield,but the application with OF was a good option for ameliorating alkaline soil and raising crop yield.

Development of Acidification-resistant Organic Fertilizer for Improvement of Acid Red Soil in Guangxi

The soil in Guangxi has been severely acidified,restricting sustainable development of agriculture.In this paper,based on the screening of organic fertilizer additives,a method for the production of acidification-resistant organic fertilizer specific for acid red soil improvement was proposed,and the developed acidification-resistant organic fertilizer was used in sugarcane experiment.The results showed that in the treatment that the specific acidification-resistant organic fertilizer was applied,the yield of sugarcane significantly increased,the p H value of soil effectively increased,the physical and chemical properties of soil improved,and the contents of microorganisms and available nutrients in soil increased.

Effects of improved fallow with Sesbania sesban on maize productivity and Striga hermonthica infestation in Western Kenya

Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to smallholder sub-sistence agriculture production in the sub-Saharan African region. Low soil fertility and overall environmental degradation has contributed to the build-up of the parasitic weed infestation. Improved cropping systems have to be introduced to address the interrelated problems of S. her-monthica and soil fertility decline. Thus, the effects of improved fallow with leguminous shrub Sesbania sesban on maize yields and levels of S. hermonthica infestation on farm land in the bimodal highlands of western Kenya were investigated. The experimental treatments were arranged in a phased entry, and randomized complete block scheme were six months Sesbania fallow, 18 months Sesbania fallow, six months natural fallow consisting of regrowth of natural vegetation without cultivation, 18 months natural fallow, continuous maize cropping without fertilizer application, and continuous maize cropping with P and N fertilization. Results show that Sesbania fallows significantly （p0.05） increase maize yield relative to continuous unfertilized maize. S. hermonthica plant populations decrease in continuous maize between the first season （mean = 428 000 ± 63 000 ha-1） and second season （mean=51 000 ± 15 000 ha-1）, presumably in response to good weed management. S. hermonthica seed populations in the soil decrease throughout the duration of the experi-ment in the continuous maize treatments. Short-duration Sesbania fal-lows can provide modest yield improvements relative to continuous unfertilized maize, but short-duration weedy fallows are ineffective. Continuous maize cultivation with good weed control may provide more effective S. hermonthica control than fallowing.

FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIENCE IN LAND EXPLOITATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF NINGXIA AGRORECLAMATION AREA

Ningxia Agroreclamation Bureau was set up in 1950. Before reclamation,48% of landis saline--alkali swamp soil, 35% slight sierozem, 13% sandy soil. In the early days of recla-mation, eight unfavorable factors exist in farmlands, i. e. high underground water table (0.5--1.0m).mineralization of underground water (5--36g/l).soil salinity (0.5--10%).

我国耕地质量主控因素及提升策略

我国耕地质量总体偏低,严重威胁国家粮食安全和生态环境安全。目前我国耕地质量的主控因素尚缺乏系统研究,不同类型障碍耕地的质量提升技术策略也不明晰。因此,本文在全面阐述我国耕地质量现状的同时,重点调研揭示了东北黑土地、北方旱地、南方水田、南方旱地、设施农地和盐碱耕地6类典型耕地的突出问题,深入分析了耕地质量问题的主控因素和耕地质量下降的驱动机制。以耕地保护与合理利用为核心,从耕地监测、改良、培肥、利用4个方面,提出维持和提升耕地质量的核心策略,明确耕地科技创新的主要方向。阐明农田工程、保护性耕作、科学施肥、水资源高效利用、耐逆适生作物品种选育等关键耕地质量提升技术途径的适用性。旨在梳理全面综合提升耕地质量的科技需求,为耕地保护相关政策的制定提供重要参考,支撑耕地的农业生产和生态服务功能提升,实现藏粮于地、藏粮于技和农业绿色可持续发展的战略目标。

中卫市退砂土地农作物复垦的可行性分析研究

本研究旨在分析宁夏中卫市沙坡头区退砂地的土壤质量提升及农作物种植适宜性。通过连续3年的田间试验,收集并分析了8种宁夏地区广泛栽培的耐旱作物对土壤理化性质的影响及其经济效益。分析了退砂耕地适生农作物对当地土壤质量的影响及经济效益。结果表明,朝天椒和红葱在退砂地上表现出较高的产量和产值,且投入产出比大,是退砂地优先选择的作物。此外,玉米和小杂粮等作物轮作种植也显示出改良土壤结构和提高肥力的潜力。本研究为退砂地的科学利用提供了理论依据和实践指导,有助于推动中卫市经济社会可持续发展。

阳江地区咸酸田土地改良的试验研究

通过对阳江地区沿海丢荒的咸酸田进行地力监测,通过“水改+肥改”措施对土壤改良,引入水稻-禾虫综合种养模式改善土壤生态,并持续地力监测,评估经济效益。以期达到沿海咸酸田生态环境改善、水稻提质增效和丢荒农田复耕的目的,为治理土壤污染、修复耕地提供有益参考。

土壤培肥技术对土壤健康的影响途径与作用机制

土壤健康与农产品优质安全、农业绿色可持续发展密切相关。不同培肥技术对土壤物理功能、化学功能与生物学功能产生较大影响,进而影响土壤健康水平。论文明确了土壤健康的内涵与发展历程,阐述了长期大量施用化肥和不同耕作措施对土壤健康的影响途径,从物理、化学和生物学3个方面总结了有机培肥技术对提高土壤健康的作用机制,并对我国未来土壤健康研究方向提出了展望,以期为培育健康土壤和实现我国农业高质量发展提供理论支撑与技术指导。

进一步提升宁夏玉米生产竞争力的技术途径

针对宁夏玉米生产中存在的突出问题,系统分析了“卡脖子”制约因素,提出了加大玉米抗逆专用种质创制与品种培育力度,推进智能化、全程机械化高质量生产,加快基于改土培肥、提升灌溉质量的高标准农田建设,提高水资源利用效率,大力推广“玉米密植滴灌精准调控技术”“全膜双垄沟播+膜下滴灌技术”“基于‘双30%’青贮玉米高产挖潜技术”等进一步提升宁夏玉米生产竞争力的技术途径。

秸秆还田培肥稻田土壤的研究进展

稻田土壤肥力是保障水稻可持续生产的重要物质基础,也是影响水稻优质高产的重要因素。秸秆是作物收获时的重要副产品,我国每年产生约8亿t秸秆,导致土壤中养分的流失不断加剧。秸秆也是一种重要的有机肥源,将其进行还田对维持土壤肥力、提高秸秆资源综合利用效率等方面具有重要作用。然而,不合理的秸秆还田不仅直接危害水稻生长,而且存在加重第二年病虫害发生风险等问题。综述了国内外近年来在秸秆还田培肥稻田土壤研究中所取得的重要进展,剖析了目前所面临的主要问题和未来的发展趋势,并提出了秸秆高效还田、降低病虫害发生的可能技术途径,将为秸秆科学还田、保障粮食安全、实现农业绿色高质量可持续发展提供借鉴。

不同施肥组合对科尔沁沙地南缘沙地土壤健康指标的影响

为研究不同施肥组合对沙地土壤改良的效果,以辽宁省阜新市彰武县的沙地土壤为考察对象,开展了试验研究。试验以不施肥为对照(CK)处理,设置生物有机肥分别与含腐殖酸肥料(OH)、含聚谷氨酸肥料(OP)和中微量元素肥(OM)混施3个施肥处理,测定施肥后6、12、18个月的土壤中微生物数量和土壤理化性状的变化。结果表明:不同施肥处理的土壤中微生物数量均呈现细菌>放线菌>真菌的变化趋势,其中OH处理的细菌数量最多,3个取样时间的细菌数量平均值为1.510×10^(7)cfu/g,是CK处理的5.2倍;施肥处理的土壤中全磷、全钾和有机质含量均得到提高,OP处理的全钾含量平均值最高,质量分数为5.96 g/kg;施肥处理的土壤pH均呈下降趋势;施肥处理的地上部植物生物量提高。施用不同组合的肥料可以有效提高土壤微生物的数量,改善土壤理化性状,提高地上部植物生物量,是一种合理的沙地改良措施。

生物质混凝土在岩石表面增肥的研究

提出了人工提高岩面粗糙度,以提高其承载土壤能力,再结合客土喷播技术的岩面复绿方法。首先,在研究泥浆流动性的基础上,建立了岩面承载土壤能力的测量方法。然后分别利用水泥砂浆平铺、水泥砂浆微台阶、桔杆水泥砂浆微台阶法改造了岩面,并研究了改造后的岩面的承载土壤能力。结果表明水泥砂浆平辅法由于提高了岩面粗糙度而提高了承载土壤能力,水泥砂浆微台阶法由于岩面外形的改变为承载土壤提供了条件,因而大幅提高了承载土壤能力,桔杆水泥砂浆微台阶法不仅保留了水泥砂浆微台阶的优点,还由于桔杆的加入,形成了尖锐的突出物,能够留存树叶、杂草等从而进一步提高了岩面保持土壤、水分和肥力的能力。最后,提出了标准承载土壤能力的概念,解决了不同浓度泥浆测试结果不同的问题。

功能性肥料在盐渍化土壤中的应用现状与挑战

目前,我国是世界上土壤盐渍化问题较为严重的国家之一,主要分布在东北、华北、西南、西北以及沿海地区。盐渍化土壤存在养分不足、盐度高和生产力低等主要缺点,可通过添加功能性肥料进行改良。文章在总结了盐渍化土壤现状和危害的基础上,综述了目前改良措施、功能性肥料的特性和用于改善盐渍化土壤的机理及影响,对未来改良盐渍化土壤的技术进行了展望。为功能性肥料的进一步开发及在盐渍化土壤治理中的应用研究提供参考,对选择经济、合理和高效的治理措施改善盐渍土壤质量和提高作物的产量具有借鉴意义。

有机肥替代化肥在草莓种植上的应用效果

为了改善草莓品质,提高耕地质量,从化肥减量角度探讨有机肥替代化肥在草莓种植中的应用效果,以红颜草莓为试验材料,设计有机肥不同比例(20%、40%、60%、80%、100%)替代化肥试验,分别以不施肥和全施化肥为对照,通过分析不同处理对草莓产量及其构成因素、果实品质及土壤理化性状的影响,探讨化肥减量及有机肥替代化肥的初步量化指标。结果表明:有机肥替代化肥可以改善土壤理化性状,提高草莓品质,有机肥替代100%化肥处理的效果较好,土壤有机质含量、铵态氮含量、土壤真菌总数、果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比均最高,分别为26.2 g/kg、14.81 mg/kg、3.72×10^(9)个/g、741.8mg/kg、63.2g/kg、6.60,分别较不施肥对照提高55.0%、18.7%、67.6%、25.8%、6.9%、3.9%,分别较全施化肥对照提高56.0%、15.2%、85.1%、15.7%、10.1%、12.8%,且硝酸盐含量和可滴定酸含量较低,分别较全施化肥对照降低11.8%、2.4%。有机肥替代化肥处理组产量均极显著高于不施肥对照,且随有机肥用量增加而呈先增加后减少的趋势,有机肥替代60%化肥+40%化肥处理的草莓667 m^(2)产量最高,为3399.46 kg,较不施肥对照、全施化肥对照分别极显著增产65.08%、9.71%,单株结果数和单果质量也最高,分别为16.54个和24.93 g,分别较不施肥对照增加32.2%和22.7%,分别较全施化肥对照增加3.9%和3.0%。一定用量的有机肥与化肥配比对提高草莓产量和品质、改善耕地质量等具有促进作用,在草莓种植中,若以改善土壤理化性状和提高果实品质为目的,可采用有机肥替代100%化肥的减量施肥措施;若以提高产量为目的,可采用有机肥替代60%化肥+40%化肥的施肥措施。

有机肥与石灰配施对华南酸性土壤的改良效果

为明确有机肥与石灰对华南酸性土壤的改良效果,采用田间小区试验,研究了有机肥、石灰分别单施与配施对双季稻区酸性土壤的酸化性质、水稻生长及产量的影响。试验包括5个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施控释肥(CF)、控释肥+石灰(LM)、控释肥+有机肥(OF)、控释肥+石灰与有机肥配施(CLO),除CK外,各处理养分保持一致,物料均在水稻移栽前一次性施入土壤。结果表明,CLO处理对土壤pH的改良效果最优,其pH提高了0.42个单位,而OF和LM处理的pH分别提升0.27、0.37个单位;OF处理土壤有机质含量最高,达44.46 g·kg^(-1),其次为CLO处理,达37.76 g·kg^(-1);LM、OF及CLO处理均显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量,降幅最高的处理为CLO,达71.4%。相关性分析表明,土壤交换性氢和交换性铝与pH的回归方程斜率绝对值分别为1.3568和0.1560,均呈显著负相关;LM处理的土壤交换性盐基离子总量达7.52 cmol·kg^(-1),显著高于其他处理,其次为CLO处理,达6.92 cmol·kg^(-1)。配施处理能增加灌浆期水稻叶片叶绿素含量,显著高于CK,增产效果最优。研究表明,有机肥与石灰配施较单独施用对华南酸化土壤的改良效果更好。

白浆土改良对农业生产的可持续性影响

白浆土是我国黑龙江省和吉林省常见的一种低产土壤,其特点包括养分含量低、质地硬、透水效果差等。三江平原作为国家重要商品粮基地,面临着土壤肥力不足、水资源紧缺等挑战。针对白浆土的这些缺点,该文探讨了白浆土改良对农业生产可持续性的影响。通过采用有机肥配施无机肥、覆盖种植等方法,可以有效提高白浆土的肥力和水分保持能力,改善土壤质地,促进作物生长和增产,同时有助于提升农业生产的可持续性,保护土壤生态环境,实现农业生产与环境保护的良性循环。

间作绿肥对盐碱地土壤改良及青贮玉米产量的影响

为探明间作绿肥对盐碱地土壤改良及种植作物产量的影响,本研究于2019—2021年在山西省朔州市山阴县典型中度盐碱地开展为期3年的田间定位试验。试验设5个处理:青贮玉米单作(CK)、化学改良(脱硫石膏、生物炭、复合肥)+单作(L)、化学改良+间作2行绿肥(LC1,绿肥选用毛叶苕子)、化学改良+间作3行绿肥(LC2)和化学改良+间作4行绿肥(LC3)。结果表明:与L处理相比,LC1、LC2、LC3处理土壤有机质含量提高了2.34%~4.45%、全氮含量提高了22.46%~33.80%,0~20 cm土壤pH降低了1.00%~2.27%,含盐量降低了17.43%~21.64%,玉米产量显著提高6.76%~8.54%,其中LC2处理改良效果最佳。研究表明,化学改良+间作3行绿肥并翻压还田模式能有效改良盐碱土壤,提升土壤肥力,促进作物增产,是较好的盐碱地综合改良利用技术模式。