The observations from 14-yr long-term investigation on the soil-water losses in the sloping red-earth (slope 8°- 15°) showed that soil-water losses were closely correlated with land slope and vegetative cove...The observations from 14-yr long-term investigation on the soil-water losses in the sloping red-earth (slope 8°- 15°) showed that soil-water losses were closely correlated with land slope and vegetative coverage. Runoff rate in sloping red-earth could be reduced doubly by exploitation, while the soil erosion was enhanced doubly during the first two years after exploitation. Subsequently, it tended to be stable. Soil erosion was highly positively correlated with land slope, i. e. soil erosion increased by 120 t km-2 yr-1 with a slope increase of 1°. On the contrary, soil erosion was highly negatively correlated with vegetative coverage, i. e. soil erosion was limited at 200 t km-2 yr-1 below as the vegetative coverage exceeded 60%. Furthermore, soil erosion was highly related with planting patterns, i. e. soil erosion in contour cropping pattern would be one sixth of that in straight cropping. Based on the view of soil nutrient balance and test data, it was first suggested that the soil loss tolerance in Q2 red clay derived red-earth should be lower than 300 t km-2 yr-1.展开更多
Soil loss tolerance （/） is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely. In the black soil region of Nort...Soil loss tolerance （/） is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely. In the black soil region of Northeast China, an empirically determined, default Tvalue of 200 （t/km2.a） is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils. The ob- jective of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different black soil species. A field investigation was conducted to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 black soil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the Tvalues. These values, which varied from 68 t/km2.a to 358 t/km2-a, yielded an average Tvalue of 141 t/km2.a for the 21 soil species. This is 29.5% lower than the current national standard T value. Two significant factors that influenced the T value were soil thickness and vulnerability to erosion. An acceptable reduction rate of soil productivity over a planned time period of 1% is recommended as necessary for maintaining long-term sustainable soil productivity. Compared with the cur- rently used of regional unified standard T value, the proposed method, which determines T using specific soil profile indices, has more practical implications for effective, sustainable management of soil and water conservation.展开更多
岩石风化和土壤形成是地球表层物质循环的重要环节,了解岩石风化和土壤形成速率对土壤资源可持续利用和流域管理具有重要意义。本研究以位于我国亚热带的皖南花岗岩地区森林流域为例,通过野外监测其主要矿质元素输入输出量,应用流域中...岩石风化和土壤形成是地球表层物质循环的重要环节,了解岩石风化和土壤形成速率对土壤资源可持续利用和流域管理具有重要意义。本研究以位于我国亚热带的皖南花岗岩地区森林流域为例,通过野外监测其主要矿质元素输入输出量,应用流域中元素地球化学质量平衡原理,估算岩石风化和土壤形成速率。研究结果表明,在目前的降雨和酸沉降条件下,我国亚热带森林流域中,花岗岩的平均风化速率为0.696 t hm-2a-1,土壤平均形成速率为0.598 t hm-2a-1,所以需要经过2万年以上才能形成1 m厚的土壤。研究发现,大量输入土壤系统的H+由于被土壤风化和阳离子交换所消耗,径流水不至酸化,但是从长远来看,这会带来土壤的酸化。研究还表明根据当前的土壤形成速率,土壤允许流失量标准需要重新制定。展开更多
文摘The observations from 14-yr long-term investigation on the soil-water losses in the sloping red-earth (slope 8°- 15°) showed that soil-water losses were closely correlated with land slope and vegetative coverage. Runoff rate in sloping red-earth could be reduced doubly by exploitation, while the soil erosion was enhanced doubly during the first two years after exploitation. Subsequently, it tended to be stable. Soil erosion was highly positively correlated with land slope, i. e. soil erosion increased by 120 t km-2 yr-1 with a slope increase of 1°. On the contrary, soil erosion was highly negatively correlated with vegetative coverage, i. e. soil erosion was limited at 200 t km-2 yr-1 below as the vegetative coverage exceeded 60%. Furthermore, soil erosion was highly related with planting patterns, i. e. soil erosion in contour cropping pattern would be one sixth of that in straight cropping. Based on the view of soil nutrient balance and test data, it was first suggested that the soil loss tolerance in Q2 red clay derived red-earth should be lower than 300 t km-2 yr-1.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40671111 No.41101267 Nonprofit Sector Special Funds of the Ministry of Water Resources of China, No.2010332030
文摘Soil loss tolerance （/） is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely. In the black soil region of Northeast China, an empirically determined, default Tvalue of 200 （t/km2.a） is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils. The ob- jective of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different black soil species. A field investigation was conducted to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 black soil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the Tvalues. These values, which varied from 68 t/km2.a to 358 t/km2-a, yielded an average Tvalue of 141 t/km2.a for the 21 soil species. This is 29.5% lower than the current national standard T value. Two significant factors that influenced the T value were soil thickness and vulnerability to erosion. An acceptable reduction rate of soil productivity over a planned time period of 1% is recommended as necessary for maintaining long-term sustainable soil productivity. Compared with the cur- rently used of regional unified standard T value, the proposed method, which determines T using specific soil profile indices, has more practical implications for effective, sustainable management of soil and water conservation.
文摘岩石风化和土壤形成是地球表层物质循环的重要环节,了解岩石风化和土壤形成速率对土壤资源可持续利用和流域管理具有重要意义。本研究以位于我国亚热带的皖南花岗岩地区森林流域为例,通过野外监测其主要矿质元素输入输出量,应用流域中元素地球化学质量平衡原理,估算岩石风化和土壤形成速率。研究结果表明,在目前的降雨和酸沉降条件下,我国亚热带森林流域中,花岗岩的平均风化速率为0.696 t hm-2a-1,土壤平均形成速率为0.598 t hm-2a-1,所以需要经过2万年以上才能形成1 m厚的土壤。研究发现,大量输入土壤系统的H+由于被土壤风化和阳离子交换所消耗,径流水不至酸化,但是从长远来看,这会带来土壤的酸化。研究还表明根据当前的土壤形成速率,土壤允许流失量标准需要重新制定。
