In order to investigate the variation in soil physical and chemical properties and nutrients in the mountainous areas in southern Ningxia, and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization management in local farml...In order to investigate the variation in soil physical and chemical properties and nutrients in the mountainous areas in southern Ningxia, and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization management in local farmland, the soil p H, total salt content,crop root length, root weight, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and total potassium in different fertilization treatments were measured from 2010 to 2016. Multiple comparisons of the data were performed using Duncan's new multiple range test. The results indicated that in the 0-20 cm soil layer, soil p H value and total salt content changed in different patterns, and varied greatly from 2010 to 2016(P<0.05). The changes of both root length and root weight of millet over time fitted S-shaped curves. The root length and root weight in the four fertilization treatments(Treatment 2 to Treatment5) increased faster than those in the control(Treatment 1). The soil organic matter content in all the five treatments gradually increased from 2010 to 2016. The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil rapidly increased in the first two to three years of the experiment, followed by a slow increase or decrease in 2013, and then raised rapidly again from 2014 to 2016.The soil total nitrogen content varied significantly from 2010 to 2016. The total phosphorus content in soil changed in a different pattern from that of total nitrogen content. The seven-year field trails revealed that soil p H, total salt content, root length, root weight and soil nutrient all changed with the increase of fertilizer level, and that long-term fertilization is of significance for maintaining soil fertility, improving soil quality and reducing soil salinization.展开更多
Water scarcity threatens global food security and agricultural systems are challenged to achieve high yields while optimizing water usage.Water deficit can be accentuated by soil physical degradation,which also trigge...Water scarcity threatens global food security and agricultural systems are challenged to achieve high yields while optimizing water usage.Water deficit can be accentuated by soil physical degradation,which also triggers water losses through runoff and consequently soil erosion.Although soil health in cropping systems within the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been surveyed throughout the years,information about soil erosion impacts and its mitigation are still not well understood;especially concerning the role of cropping system diversification and its effects on crop yield.Thus,the aim of this study was to assess whether ecological intensification of cropping systems-inclusion of a consorted perennial grass and crop rotation-could promote soil coverage and consequently decrease water erosion and soil,water,and nutrient losses.This work studied the effects of crop rotation and consorted Brachiaria,along with different levels of investment in fertilization on soil physical quality and on soil,water,and nutrient losses,and crop yields.Results proved that soybean monoculture(SS)is a system of low sustainability even under no-till in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions.It exhibited high susceptibility to soil,water,and nutrient losses,causing low crop yields.Our results showed that water losses in SS cropping system were approximately 10%of the total annual rainfall,and total K losses would require an additional 35%of K application.Conversely,ecological intensification of cropping systems resulted in enhanced soil environmental and agronomic functions,increased grain yield,and promoted soil and water conservation:high soil cover rate,and low soil,water and nutrient losses.Ecological intensification proved to be an adequate practice to boost crop resilience to water deficit in the Brazilian Cerrado.展开更多
基金Supported by National Grain and Sorghum Industry Technical System(CARS-06-13.5-A18)Program for the Integrated Development of the Primary,Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in Rural Area of Ningxia(YES-06-08)
文摘In order to investigate the variation in soil physical and chemical properties and nutrients in the mountainous areas in southern Ningxia, and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization management in local farmland, the soil p H, total salt content,crop root length, root weight, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and total potassium in different fertilization treatments were measured from 2010 to 2016. Multiple comparisons of the data were performed using Duncan's new multiple range test. The results indicated that in the 0-20 cm soil layer, soil p H value and total salt content changed in different patterns, and varied greatly from 2010 to 2016(P<0.05). The changes of both root length and root weight of millet over time fitted S-shaped curves. The root length and root weight in the four fertilization treatments(Treatment 2 to Treatment5) increased faster than those in the control(Treatment 1). The soil organic matter content in all the five treatments gradually increased from 2010 to 2016. The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil rapidly increased in the first two to three years of the experiment, followed by a slow increase or decrease in 2013, and then raised rapidly again from 2014 to 2016.The soil total nitrogen content varied significantly from 2010 to 2016. The total phosphorus content in soil changed in a different pattern from that of total nitrogen content. The seven-year field trails revealed that soil p H, total salt content, root length, root weight and soil nutrient all changed with the increase of fertilizer level, and that long-term fertilization is of significance for maintaining soil fertility, improving soil quality and reducing soil salinization.
文摘Water scarcity threatens global food security and agricultural systems are challenged to achieve high yields while optimizing water usage.Water deficit can be accentuated by soil physical degradation,which also triggers water losses through runoff and consequently soil erosion.Although soil health in cropping systems within the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been surveyed throughout the years,information about soil erosion impacts and its mitigation are still not well understood;especially concerning the role of cropping system diversification and its effects on crop yield.Thus,the aim of this study was to assess whether ecological intensification of cropping systems-inclusion of a consorted perennial grass and crop rotation-could promote soil coverage and consequently decrease water erosion and soil,water,and nutrient losses.This work studied the effects of crop rotation and consorted Brachiaria,along with different levels of investment in fertilization on soil physical quality and on soil,water,and nutrient losses,and crop yields.Results proved that soybean monoculture(SS)is a system of low sustainability even under no-till in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions.It exhibited high susceptibility to soil,water,and nutrient losses,causing low crop yields.Our results showed that water losses in SS cropping system were approximately 10%of the total annual rainfall,and total K losses would require an additional 35%of K application.Conversely,ecological intensification of cropping systems resulted in enhanced soil environmental and agronomic functions,increased grain yield,and promoted soil and water conservation:high soil cover rate,and low soil,water and nutrient losses.Ecological intensification proved to be an adequate practice to boost crop resilience to water deficit in the Brazilian Cerrado.
