Assessment of Agricultural Soil Quality Indices Using Mechanistic Models

Assessing soil quality is a critical strategy for diagnosing soil status and anticipating concerns in land use systems for agricultural sustainability. In this study, two soil quality assessment indices, the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and Nemoro Quality Index (NQI), were employed using two indicator selection methods: Total Data Set (TDS) and Minimum Data Set (MDS), focusing on agricultural fields in Golestan province, Iran. A total of 89 soil samples were collected and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and plant-essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract MDS from TDS, and geostatistical adaptation and correlation analyses were performed to determine the optimal soil quality evaluation index. Our results show that the exponential model better suits the spatial structure of soil quality indicators (IQIMDS: 0.955). Conformity and correlation analyses indicate that the IQI index outperformed the NQI index in estimating soil quality. The superiority of the TDS technique over the MDS technique in terms of accuracy (IQITDSs kappa: 0.155). Linear relationships between different methods showed a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.43) through the application of IQI. This study suggests the use of IQIMDS to provide a reliable measurement that is particularly useful in assessing the quality of agricultural soil.

A soil quality index for evaluation of degradation under land use and soil erosion categories in a small mountainous catchment, Iran

Soil erosion and land use type have long been viewed as being particularly important drivers of soil degradation.The objectives of this study,therefore,were to select a new soil quality index(SQI)which varies significantly with land use/soil erosion,and to evaluate the new SQI using expert opinion.In total,18 soil physical,chemical,and biochemical properties(indicators)were measured on 56 soil samples collected from four land use/soil erosion categories(rangeland/surface erosion,rangeland/subsurface erosion,cultivated land/surface erosion and dry-farming land/surface erosion).Principal component and classification analysis(PCCA)identified five PCs that explained 77.7%of the variation in soil properties with the biochemical PC varying significantly with land use/soil erosion.General discriminant analysis(GDA)selected urease and clay as the most sensitive properties distinguishing the land use/soil erosion categories.The GDA canonical scores for the new SQI were significantly correlated with expert opinion soil surface summed scores(for soil movement,surface litter,pedestalling,rills and flow pattern)derived using the U.S.Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management(BLM)method.A forward stepwise general regression model revealed that the new SQI values were explained by soil movement,surface litter,and the summed values of the soil surface factors.Overall,this study confirmed that soil quality in the study area in Iran is controlled by land use and corresponding soil erosion.

Soil quality index as a tool for Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris) monoculture conversion planning on afforested,reclaimed mine land

In Central Europe, a large portion of post-mining sites were afforested with Scots pine, which is characterized by good adaptability and a tolerance for poor habitat at the beginning of forest ecosystem development. Conversion of monoculture on mine sites into more biodi- verse mixed hardwood forests, especially on more fertile deposits, can be an emerging need in this part of Europe in next decades. The ability to classify the forests at these post-mining sites will facilitate proper species selection as well as the management and formation of the developed ecosystem＇s stability. This work describes the guidelines that can be followed to assess reclaimed mine soil （RMS） quality, using the mine soil quality index （MSQI） and a classification of developed forest sites as a basis of tree-stand species selection and conversion of pine monocul- tures. The research was conducted on four post-mining facilities （lignite, hard coal, sulphur, and sand pit mining areas） on different RMS sub- strates dominant in Central Europe. Soil quality assessment takes into account the following features of the soil： texture soil nutrients （Ca, Mg, K, Na, P）; acidity （pH KC1）; and Corg-to-Nt ratio in the initial organic horizon. An analysis was conducted of classification systems using the MSQI validation correlation （at p =0.05） with vegetation features af- fected by succession： aboveground biomass of forest floor and ecological indicators of vascular plants （calculated on the basis of EUenberg＇s （2009） system）. Eventually, in the analysed data set, the MSQI ranged from 0.270 for soils on quaternary sands to 0.720 for a mix of quaternary loamy sands with neogene clays. Potential forest habitat types and the role of the pine in the next generation of tree stands on different RMS parent rock substrate were proposed.

Robust Soil Quality Index for Tropical Soils Influenced by Agricultural Activities

The knowledge of the soil quality plays a vital role in the agricultural sector. Despite its importance, there is scarce scientific information concerning this regard. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology to identify and select the most appropriate indicators of Soil Quality Index (SQI) in a region with high agricultural activity. For its conformation, a descriptive statistical analysis and a Pearson correlation matrix were performed and the indicators that showed greater variation were identified using a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). A sensitivity analysis was carried out and the most sensible soil indicators of?SQI?were identified. This statistical procedure was also used to specify the weights of the indicators in?SQI. The variables resulting from the multiparametric statistical analysis were pH, organic matter, sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity. The robustness of the?SQI?obtained in this study was demonstrated through simulations carried out by the numerical optimization through simplex method. The Soil Quality Index range obtained (0.54 - 0.75) locates Culiacan Valley soils as moderate/high quality.

Heavy Metal Characteristics and Comprehensive Quality Index Evaluation of Soil-Crop System in 11 Cities of Yunnan Province, China

Yunnan province in China is a high background area of soil heavy metals, and agricultural planting and industrial and mining activities are relatively frequent, which aggravate soil heavy metal pollution. However, at present, there are few reports on the overall or large-scale soil-crop pollution and risk assessment of heavy metals in Yunnan Province. This study through 11 cities in Yunnan province of China farmland soil-crop systems of heavy metal lead, cadmium content, enrichment coefficient is analyzed, and using the method of potential ecological harm index, index of compressive quality to evaluate heavy metal pollution soil-crop system risk. Results showed that the average content of soil heavy metal Cd and Pb were 1.31 mg/kg, 64.17 mg/kg, which are higher than the background value of Yunnan province. The average contents of Pb and Cd in the edible parts of crops were 0.20 mg/kg, 0.08 mg/kg. The average content of heavy metals in crops in Diqing (Pb) and Nujiang (Cd) was 0.72 mg/kg and 0.148 mg/kg. The enrichment coefficients of heavy metals in edible parts of crops were the largest in Diqing (Pb) and Zhaotong (Cd). The average value of ecological risk index of Pb element in soil is 2.79, which indicates that the study area is in a slight ecological hazard, the average value of the ecological risk index of Cd in soil is 126.43. The average value of the comprehensive quality impact index (IICQ) is 4.27, which indicates that the study area is moderately polluted. In this study, the contents of heavy metals Cd and Pb in soils and crops in different administrative regions were determined, and the heavy metals Pb and Cd in soil-crop system of Yunnan province, China were evaluated, it is expected to have important scientific and theoretical significance for the safe use of cultivated land to export safe agricultural products and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Yunnan Plateau.

Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province were monitored to indicate the status of heavy metal contamination and assess environmental quality of agricultural soils. A total of 908 soil samples were collected from 38 counties in Zbejiang Province and eight heavy metal （Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni and As） concentrations had been evaluated in agricultural soil. It was found 775 samples were unpolluted and 133 samples were slightly polluted and more respectively, that is approximately 14.65% agricultural soil samples had the heavy metal concentration above the threshold level in this province by means of Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution index method according to the second grade of Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of China （GB15618- 1995）. Contamination of Cd was the highest, followed by Ni, As and Zn were lower correspondingly. Moreover, Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to make an assessment map of soil environmental quality based on the Nemerow＇s pollution index and the soil environmental quality was categorized into five grades. Moreover, ten indices were calculated as input parameters for principal component analysis （PCA） and the principal components （PCs） were created to compare environmental quality of different soils and regions. The results revealed that environmental quality of tea soils was better than that of paddy soils, vegetable soils and fruit soils. This study indicated that GIS combined with multivariate statistical approaches proved to be effective and powerful tool in the mapping of soil contamination distribution and the assessment of soil environmental quality on provincial scale, which is beneficial to environmental protection and management decision-making by local government.

Soil Quality Assessment of Acid Sulfate Paddy Soils with Different Productivities in Guangdong Province,China

Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.

Soil quality assessment across different stands in tropical moist deciduous forests of Nagaland,India

To analyze the relationship between the management of three forest stand plantations and soil quality in the Dimapur district of the Northeastern Himalayan region,India,three forest soil profiles,covered by different species stands,at three depths were tested for 13 physical and chemical variables.Only four of these variables(electric conductivity,bulk density exchangeable Mg and available P)were included in a minimum data set,after using a varimax rotation algorithm in a principal component analysis,and subsequently used to calculate a soil quality index(SQI).Results showed higher SQIs in the surface layers(0–20 cm depth)than in the deeper ones.Average weighed SQI varied significantly(P<0.05)through the three considered forest sites,with the lowest value at site FS3.These findings reveal that the approach used here is suitable for preliminary screening of the impact of a forestry species on soil,to aid in species selection and improve soil health for afforestation and reforestation projects.

Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Paddy Soil Quality as Affected by Different Nutrient and Water Regimes

A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 to compare and evaluate the effects of nutrient and water regimes on paddy soil quality by investigating soil chemical and microbiological parameters. Four nutrient regimes, a control, chemical fertilizers only (CF), chemical fertilizers with swine manure (SM), and chemical fertilizers with wheat straw (WS), and two soil moisture regimes, continuous waterlogging (CWL) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), were investigated. With SM and WS total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those with CF. A similar effect for organic amendments was observed in the soil light fraction organic C (LFOC), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). CWL, in particular when swine manure was incorporated into the paddy soil, markedly decreased soil redox potential (Eh) and increased total active reducing substances (ARS). Meanwhile, as compared to CF, SM and WS significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and mineralizable carbon, with differences in AWD being higher than CWL. In addition, SM and WS treatments significantly (P < 0.05) improved rice above-ground biomass and grain yield, with AWD being greater than CWL. Thus, for ecologically sustainable agricultural management of paddy soils, long-term waterlogging should be avoided when organic manure was incorporated into paddy soil.

Evaluation of Quality of Some Rehabilitated Mined Soils within the AngloGold-Ashanti Concession in Ghana

Land degradation caused by surface mining of gold has been extensive in Ghana. In recent years rehabilitation of some degraded lands by re-vegetation has been undertaken. This study provides quantitative data on the quality of some rehabilitated and un-rehabilitated mined soils within the AngloGold-Ashanti gold concession in parts of the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. Soil properties determined included texture, bulk density and aggregate stability, pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases, exchange acidity, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Aggregate stability as a physical quality indicator revealed that aggregates of the rehabilitated mined soil had become more stable and similar to the control unmined soil due to litter and carbon additions from planted trees. The nutrient levels were very low because of the presence of low activity clays inherent in the native soil. Organic carbon content in the rehabilitated soil had increased above that of the unrehabilitated soil. Variability in soil properties, especially organic carbon and aggregate stability, was minimal in the unmined and rehabilitated soils implying that soils at the two sites were most robust and resistant to crushing and rupture. Quality index of the unmined control soil was 36.5% indicating that the quality of the soil was 63.5% relative to the optimum quality because of inherent poor soil properties. The mined rehabilitated and unrehabilitated soil had index values of 32.5% and 24.4 %, respectively. The marginal difference of 4% in soil quality between the control and rehabilitated soil shows that it is possible to maintain the health of soils with inherent physical and biochemical deficiencies if reclamation regulations are adhered to. In this way, the socio-economic dilemma of exploiting natural resources for the benefit of societies is ameliorated while maintaining an ecosystem balance.

The Assessment of Soil Quality on the Arable Land in Yellow River Delta Combined with Remote Sensing Technology

Soil quality assessment is essential to improve the understanding of soil quality and make proper agricultural practices. However, soil quality assessments are extremely difficult to implement in a large-scale area, since they are time and labor consuming. Remote sensing technique gained more attention in plant and soil information monitoring recently for its high effi-ciency and convenience. But seldom studies tested the applicability of remote sensing techniques before implementing. This study conducted the soil quality assessment in a typical agricultural county in the Yellow River delta (Kenli). We found the soil quality in Kenli was dominantly in the low grade (71.85%), with deficient nutrient (SOM and TN), poor structure (high BD) and high EC. Salinity is the primary limiting factor for soil quality in Kenli, and adjustment of soil salinization through suitable farming practices such as organic fertilizers application, irrigation for leaching, and salt-tolerant crop planting is the key point for soil quality improvement. We obtained the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area by remote sensing technique, and found the high correlation between NDVI and soil quality indicator (SOM, TN and EC) and yield. The NDVI can help to study the soil conditions as a soil quality assessment indicator. More studies about the ap-plication of remote sensing technique on soil quality detecting are expected.

Water Quality Index of Waste Stabilisation Ponds and Downstream of Discharge Point

Water quality index has been used in various researches for the assessment of water quality for various uses and discharges into the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality index of the effluent from waste stabilisation ponds and 400 m beyond discharge point. This was achieved by evaluating concentrations of seven parameters from soil, eleven physiochemical parameters from effluent and four microbiological parameters. Corresponding water quality indices calculated from microbiological parameters were 854, 142, 96 and 1539 respectively, at sites 1, 2, 3 and 4. Reductions of magnesium, zinc, lead, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium and electrical conductivity in soil samples at site 4 were 15.5%, 57%, 81.6%, 93.5%, 93.5% and 99% respectively. The percentage increases were 21.4% and 185% respectively, for calcium and iron ions. It can be concluded that the water quality index of the waste stabilisation ponds is unsuitable for discharge into the environment. However, the results revealed improved quality downstream of discharge point.

Assessment of Soil Quality of Tidal Marshes in Shanghai City

We take three types of tidal marshes in Shanghai City as the study object:tidal marshes in mainland,tidal marshes in the rim of islands,and shoal in Yangtze estuary.On the basis of assessing nutrient quality and environmental quality,respectively,we use soil quality index(SQI)to assess the soil quality of tidal flats,meanwhile formulate the quality grading standards,and analyze the current situation and characteristics of it.The results show that except the north of Hangzhou Bay,Nanhui and Jiuduansha with low soil nutrient quality,there are not obvious differences in soil nutrient quality between other regions;the heavy metal pollution of tidal marshes in mainland is more serious than that of tidal marshes in the rim of islands;in terms of the comprehensive soil quality index,the regions are sequenced as follows:Jiuduansha wetland>Chongming Dongtan wetland>Nanhui tidal flat>tidal flat on the periphery of Chongming Island>tidal flat on the periphery of Hengsha Island>Pudong tidal flat>Baoshan tidal flat>tidal flat on the periphery of Changxing Island>tidal flat in the north of Hangzhou Bay.Among them,Jiuduansha wetland and Chongming Dongtan wetland have the best soil quality,belonging to class III,followed by Nanhui tidal flat,tidal flat on the periphery of Chongming Island and tidal flat on the periphery of Hengsha Island,belonging to class IV;tidal flat on the periphery of Changxing Island,Pudong tidal flat,Baoshan tidal flat and tidal flat in the north of Hangzhou Bay belong to class V.

北京山区不同植被恢复类型土壤质量综合评价

[目的]综合评价北京山区不同植被恢复类型土壤质量,并进一步确定影响土壤质量的关键因素,为该地区植被恢复与重建提供数据支撑。[方法]以立地条件相近的侧柏纯林、油松纯林、侧柏油松混交林、侧柏针阔混交林、油松针阔混交林、落叶阔叶混交林和无林地(对照)为研究对象,测定14个土壤理化指标作为土壤质量评价的总数据集(TDS),采用主成分分析法(PCA)和Pearson相关性分析建立土壤质量最小数据集(MDS),利用线性(L)和非线性(NL)2种评分方法计算土壤质量指数(SQI)和一般线性模型(GLM)确定影响土壤质量的关键因素。[结果]植被恢复后相较于无林地,土壤容重、砂粒含量下降,而有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效钾等土壤养分含量增加。筛选出的研究区土壤质量评价MDS指标为全氮、砂粒、全钾、pH、有效含水量。4种方法(SQI-LT、SQI-NLT、SQI-LM、SQI-NLM)下,不同植被恢复类型的SQI值排序均为落叶阔叶混交林>侧柏针阔混交林>油松纯林>油松针阔混交林>侧柏油松混交林>侧柏纯林>无林地,植被恢复后土壤质量显著提升。SQI-NLM的土壤质量评价方法在北京山区具有更好的适用性。相较于无林地,其他植被恢复类型的SQI-NLM分别提高64%,48%,45%,36%,33%,27%。GLM模型解释了土壤质量指数总变异的85.24%,植被类型对土壤质量指数的解释比例最大(45.09%)。[结论]选择适宜的植被恢复类型是改善区域土壤质量的关键。未来实施植被恢复时,树种选择上优先考虑阔叶树种。造林配置方式的选择应取决于树种而定,如侧柏纯林中引入本土阔叶树种形成侧柏针阔混交林或选择油松纯林是最佳造林模式。

GIS-Based Assessment of Soil Chemical and Physical Properties as a Basis for Land Reclamation in Toshka Area, Aswan, EGYPT

The accurate assessment of soil properties is a crucial factor for composing and implementing reclamation plans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties and calculate the chemical and fertility index for assisting land reclamation in Toshka area. The Toshka area is located between latitudes 31°32'N and 31°36'N and longitudes 32°40'E and 32°60'E. GIS was used to select 16 sites. The results revealed the soil has undesirable characteristics. The soil pH ranged from slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. Furthermore, it was characterized as saline (with a ECe of 4.65 - 11.45 dS⋅m−1) and moderately calcareous soil (with CaCO3 at 11.85% - 17.20%). The soil had a low soil organic matter content which did not exceed 0.18%. The soil was dominated by a sandy loam texture (62.50%) followed by a sandy clay loam texture (18.75%). The bulk density, total soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity values varied with 1.38 - 1.55 Mg⋅cm−3, 41.85% - 48.45% and 1.20 - 3.34 cm⋅h−1, respectively. The chemical index ranged from low to moderate quality. The correlations between the parameters osculated between negative and positive. Therefore, the soil may be reclaimed if the soil properties are improved and crop selection is optimized for this soil.

基于突变理论的土地质量地球化学评价方法研究

为实现土壤肥力和土壤环境质量相结合的土地质量地球化学综合评价结果的高精度量化,依据赣南南康地区采集的6266组表层土壤样品测试结果,构建了以As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr含量等为基础的内梅罗指数和以有机质(SOM)、P、N、K、Mo、Mn、B、Cu、Zn含量等为基础的土壤综合肥力指数为控制因素的突变理论法土地质量地球化学综合评价方法,将内梅罗指数3.0修订为3.1,通过突变理论对数据进行标准化和归一化分析,比较原始内梅罗指数和修订内梅罗指数评价结果以及本文方法与DZ/T 0295—2016《土地质量地球化学评价规范》方法的土地质量地球化学综合等级划分结果。结果表明:研究区土壤综合肥力指数均值为0.75,总体综合肥力为Ⅲ等,土壤肥力较低;土壤综合内梅罗指数均值为0.59,总体尚清洁。采用修订后的内梅罗指数3.1计算的土壤肥力指数分界值基本呈等级等间距划分。与DZ/T 0295—2016《土地质量地球化学评价规范》评价结果比较,83.57%的结果等级未发生变化,近16%等级结果增加1个等级,主要为1级和2级升为3级和4级,未出现2个及以上等级的变化,评价结果显示3级、4级面积占比为94.11%、5.30%。本文方法可用于土地质量地球化学综合等级评价,评价结果更加数值化、精细化,评价过程更简便,是对已有土地质量地球化学综合评价方法的补充,可为土地利用、农业生产和管理提供借鉴和参考。

凤垟乡稻田土壤重金属污染评价及其来源

以泰顺县凤垟乡稻田土壤为研究对象,采集了6个种植区域站位点的土壤,通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪法测定了土壤中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr和Ni含量,并采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和地累积指数法对研究区域稻田土壤的污染程度进行了分析。结果表明:稻田土壤中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr和Ni的平均含量分别为11.35、26.75、0.29、57.92、23.92、14.35 mg·kg^(-1)。通过单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和地累积指数法评价后,表明6个站位点均为无污染状态。通过与农用地土壤风险筛选值比对,所调查的稻田土壤重金属含量均值均小于对应的农用地土壤风险筛选值。

典型水蚀区坡耕地黑土质量的空间分异特征及影响因素

[目的]为明确侵蚀—沉积在黑土坡耕地土壤质量空间分异格局中的塑造作用。[方法]以东北典型水蚀区坡耕地为研究对象,利用110个样点的土壤属性,采用基于最小数据集的土壤质量指数(SQI)指标,评价坡面尺度土壤质量的空间分异特征,并利用广义线性模型(GLM)明确坡度、坡位、土层深度等因子对土壤质量的贡献。[结果](1)坡耕地土壤养分含量和空间特征在耕作层和亚表层间呈相反规律。对于大部分养分指标,耕作层的含量显著高于亚表层,但是,其空间异质性及土壤养分含量间的相关性低于亚表层(p<0.05);(2)侵蚀沉积作用影响坡耕地土壤质量的空间分布特征。SQI在强烈侵蚀的坡中显著低于轻度侵蚀的坡上和沉积区的坡下(p<0.05),与坡上相比,坡中SQI在耕作层和亚表层分别降低26.2%和31.6%,沉积作用并不一定提高强烈侵蚀坡耕地沉积区的土壤质量,坡下和坡上耕作层的土壤质量无显著差异(p>0.05);(3)土层深度、坡位和坡度是坡耕地SQI变异的主要影响因素。GLM结果显示,对于同一个土壤层次,坡度、坡位及其交互作用对SQI变异的解释度达95%,其中,坡位和坡度的解释度分别为68%和22%;考虑土壤深度因素,在0—40 cm土层,土层深度、坡位和坡度对SQI变异的解释度分别为39%,31%和10%。[结论]采用SQI和GLM相结合的方法,明确侵蚀—沉积过程在坡耕地黑土质量空间分异中的塑造作用,研究成果可为典型水蚀区侵蚀退化黑土地质量评价和管理提供技术支撑。

湘南典型烟区土壤有机碳库指数、养分库容对烟叶质量的影响

于2020─2021年采集了耒阳烟区土壤及烟叶样品,分析了土壤有机碳库指数、养分及其库容对烟叶质量的影响和作用途径。结果表明:土壤有机碳库指数、养分总库容量、有效磷库容量及碱解氮库容量是影响烤后烟叶化学成分、外观质量及感官质量的4个主要指标;土壤有机碳库指数通过影响烟叶总钾、总糖、总植物碱含量间接地影响烤烟的感官质量,还通过影响烟叶总钾、总植物碱、总氮(土壤碱解氮)含量间接地影响烤烟的外观质量;土壤有机碳库指数、烤烟总钾含量、总植物碱含量与烤烟的外观质量、感官质量均呈显著正相关;烤烟的总糖含量与其感官质量呈显著正相关;土壤碱解氮含量与烤烟的外观质量呈显著正相关;烤烟总氮含量与其外观质量呈显著负相关。因此,提高耒阳烟区烤烟质量的重点在于提高土壤有机碳库指数。

有机物料对农田土壤肥力及镉有效性的影响

以我国南方两种不同程度Cd污染农田土壤为研究对象,通过不同有机物料(猪粪、商品有机肥、水稻秸秆及其生物质炭)施肥处理探究了土壤肥力水平及Cd有效性的变化,并对施用有机物料情况下土壤Cd有效性与土壤养分进行了关联分析。结果表明:施用有机物料显著提高了土壤氮磷钾含量及其有效性,商品有机肥提高了土壤全氮含量,施用猪粪处理土壤的全磷和有效磷含量显著升高,商品有机肥和生物质炭明显提高了土壤全钾和速效钾含量。水稻秸秆及其生物质炭处理的轻污染土壤有机质含量均达土壤肥力1级(>40 g/kg)。与不施肥相比,施加有机物料对轻污染土壤有效态Cd含量的影响不大,但中污染土壤有效态Cd含量显著下降,最高降幅达20.00%。土壤有效态Cd含量与全氮、全磷、全钾和有效磷含量均呈显著负相关关系。轻污染土壤上施加猪粪和生物质炭处理的上海青地上部Cd含量均低于0.20mg/kg。施加商品有机肥处理两种土壤肥力综合指数最高,是其他处理的1.50倍~3.18倍,但其上海青地上部Cd含量存在较高风险。因此,针对南方Cd污染农田土壤的培肥及安全利用可考虑施用猪粪有机肥。