Effects of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization on Yield and Economic Benefit of Major Crops in Burundi

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi,thereby increasing local farmers'income and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in Burundi.[Methods]In the IMBO and MOSO test stations of the Burundi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Burundi Fruit and Vegetable Extension and Service Center,soil testing and formulated fertilization test and demonstration was carried out in rice,maize and cabbage.The test set up three treatments,soil testing and formulated fertilization(STFF),local routine fertilization(RF)and non-fertilization(CK)to investigate the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on the yield and economic benefit of the crops.[Results]In the plot test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were both highest in the STFF treatment.Compared with those in the RF treatment,the yield of rice,maize and cabbage increased by 19.0%,25.7%and 33.0%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4292,2837 and 8232 yuan/ha,respectively.In the field test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were also both highest in the STFF treatment.The yield increased by 18.1%,24.3%and 25.9%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4142,2881 and 8665 yuan/ha,respectively compared with those in the RF treatment.[Conclusions]Soil testing and formulated fertilization not only increased rice,maize and cabbage yield per unit area,but also increased farmers'income in Burundi.It is one of the important technical measures to promote the increase of agricultural production and income in Burundi.

Analysis on Soil Nutrients and Formulated Fertilization Recommend of Rapeseed in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province

[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income.[Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory,with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were combined to calculate the formulated fertilization.[Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County.However,more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic,and the soil p H maintained below 5.5.The shortage soil boron was more serious,the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as follows.To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm^2240,150 and 75 kg/ha,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h,the total fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied were separately 300,195 and 195 kg/hm^2.The chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied should be respectively 240,150 and 75 kg/hm^2,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm^2.The nitrogen species of urea（containing N 46%）,causing weakest effect on soil acidification,was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm^2.The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate（P2O520%）,alternating superphosphate,was applied with about 750 kg/hm^2.Sulfuric acid potassium（K2O 50%） was applied with about 150 kg/hm^2.About 7.5kg/hm^2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer,while spraying 7.5 kg/hm^2 fluid boron at the Bolting stag.

Balanced Fertilizer Use through Soil Testing Leads to Higher Yields and Nutrient Contents of Maize Grains

Fertilizers use can be optimized through soil testing and leaf analysis. This paper deals with using soil analysis as a base for fertilizer use in maize. A field experiment was carried out in two summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 with maize (triple hybrid) in Oraby Village, Mariut sector, Alexandria, Egypt. Soil testing shows that soil was clay loam, with high Na and CaCO3 contents with high pH, low organic matter, medium P and K and low micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu), seven treatments were designed. The most promising treatment was when P and K were increased and micronutrients were added based on soil testing. This treatment resulted in the highest yield with better grain contents of protein and nutrients which indicated that soil-test based on fertilizer use was superior. Soil analysis at the end of the experiment showed higher P and K contents. This approach could be adopted for regions with similar soil conditions in other parts of the world.

Evaluation of Soil Potassium Test to Improve Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn

The soil potassium (K) test methodology is under increased evaluation due to the soil sample drying effect, temporal variations of test results and inconsistent crop response to applied K fertilizers. Ten on-farm trials were conducted in 2014 in eastern North Dakota to determine the corn response to different K-fertilizer rates and to assess the variation of soil K test levels between air-dried (KDry) and field moist (KMoist) soil samples during the corn growing season. Significant differences were observed between KDry and KMoist soil K test results. The ratio of KDry/KMoist showed high correlation with cation exchange capacity (r = 0.63, p < 0.10), Organic matter (r = 0.61, p < 0.10) and (Ca + Mg)/K ratio (r = 0.64, p < 0.10) from the 1 M ammonium acetate extractant, while pH, electrical conductivity, clay (%), and soil moisture showed non-significant correlation. On average, KDry resulted in higher soil K test levels than KMoist and pattern of deviation was different for surface and sub-surface soil samples. Soil K analysis of samples collected during the fall and spring showed large enough variations to affect the soil test interpretation category which was used to make fertilizer recommendations. Corn yield increased significantly with applied K fertilizer at only three out of 8 sites with beginning K levels below the current critical level of 150 ppm, and one response was at a site with K level above the critical level. Therefore, use of either the KDry or KMoist method alone may not be adequate to predict K response in some North Dakota soils.

Soil Test Based Fertilizer Prescriptions through Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model for Sesamum on Alfisol

Studies on Soil Test Crop Response Based Integrated Plant Nutrition System(STCR-IPNS)were conducted for three years adopting the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model,on alfisols of Unified Andhra Pradesh,Southern India during summer 2016-2018 in order to develop fertilizer prescriptions through IPNS for the desired yield targets of Sesamum under field conditions.The bases for making the fertilizer prescriptions viz.nutrient requirement(NR),contribution of nutrients from soil(Cs),fertilizer(Cf)and vermicompost(CVC)were computed using the field experimental data.Making use of these basic parameters,the fertilizer prescription equations were developed under NPK alone and under IPNS for the desired yield targets of Sesamum for a range of soil test values.The quantity of fertilizers contributed by the application of vermicompost was assessed.Nutrient requirement to produce 100 kg of sesame seed was worked out to be 10.20 kg N,3.90 kg P2O5 and 5.22 kg K2O.In the present investigation,the requirement of N was higher which is followed by K2O and P2O5.The requirement of N was 2.62 times higher than P and 1.95 times higher than K.The percent contribution of N,P and K was 12.25,15.75 and 6.00 from soils,41.68,22.85 and 59.97 from fertilizer and 9.87,6.74 and 18.65 from organic manures,respectively.Thus the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model used to develop fertilizer prescription equations provides a strong basis for soil fertility maintenance consistent with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in farming for sustainable and enduring agriculture.

三亚市水稻氮磷钾肥利用率田间试验探析

海南省三亚市是中国南繁育种基地之一,水稻为全市的主要粮食作物,在生产过程中合理施用肥料以提高产量极其重要。本试验通过田间水稻种植试验和实验室检测及数据分析,探讨氮肥、磷肥、钾肥不同配施水平对水稻产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,测土配方施肥的水稻产量最高,处理1的理论产量为558.04 kg/667m^(2),氮肥利用率为41.37%、磷肥利用率为22.73%、钾肥利用率为45.84%。本试验旨在为三亚市水稻种植中推广测土配方施肥技术提供数据支撑和参考。

我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量

为了给我国大麦测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究.结果表明,我国大麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥40.7、24.2~40.7、14.4~24.2、8.6~14.4、5.1~8.6、3.0~5.1、1.8~3.0和<1.8 mg/kg.当磷肥利用率15%~35%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm~2籽实大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量6~15 t/hm~2干草大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量15~45 t/hm~2青贮大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、7~51、15~102、22~153、29~204、36~255、44~306和51~357 kg/hm~2.本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国大麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础.

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施磷提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥45、24~45、12~24、6.2~12、3.2~6.2、1.7~3.2、0.9~1.7和<0.9mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率为15%~35%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、4~40、9~80、13~120、17~160、21~200、26~240和30~280kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、6~50、13~100、19~150、26~200、32~250、39~300和45~350kg/hm^(2)。本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施氮提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡―地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究.结果表明,我国燕麦土壤碱解氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥389、219~389、123~219、70~123、39~70、22~39、13~22和<13 mg/kg;土壤全氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥5.0、2.8~5.0、1.5~2.8、0.9~1.5、0.5~0.9、0.3~0.5、0.2~0.3和<0.2 g/kg;土壤有机质第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥64、39~64、23~39、14~23、9~14、5~9、3~5和<3 g/kg.当氮肥利用率30%~50%时,目标产量1.5~6.0 t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、9~60、18~120、27~180、36~240、45~300、54~360和63~420 kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15 t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0、14~80、29~160、43~240、58~320、72~400、86~480和101~560 kg/hm^(2).本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施氮奠定了科学基础.

中国三大棉花种植区域土壤速效钾丰缺指标及推荐施钾量研究

为给西北内陆棉区、长江流域棉区和黄河流域棉区棉花的钾肥施用提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”“反正弦-对数矫正模型”以及“养分平衡-地力差减法”,开展了上述三大棉区棉花土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,中国三大棉区土壤速效钾丰缺指标均可划分出5级,西北内陆棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥418、166~418、111~166、80~111和<80 mg/kg;长江流域棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥357、128~357、81~128、56~81和<56 mg/kg;黄河流域棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥213、129~213、102~129、85~102和<85 mg/kg。三大棉区土壤速效钾临界值分别为166.0、127.2和128.4 mg/kg。当钾肥当季利用率为50%,籽棉(皮棉)目标产量为2.5~9.0(1.0~3.6)t/hm^(2)时,第1~5级土壤的推荐施钾量依次为0、30~108、60~216、90~324和120~432 kg/hm^(2)。

我国葡萄土壤有效磷丰缺指标和适宜施磷量研究

为建立我国葡萄测土推荐施磷系统,本研究采用作物土壤养分丰缺指标推荐施肥系统研究新方法,探讨了我国葡萄土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量。结果表明,我国葡萄土壤有效磷第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥95、35~95、13~35、4.5~13、1.7~4.5、0.6~1.7 mg/kg和<0.6 mg/kg。在葡萄目标产量15~60 t/hm^(2)、磷肥利用率15%~35%、土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级情形下,目标产量15、22.5、30、37.5、45、52.5、60 t/hm^(2)的适宜施磷量范围分别为0~120、0~180、0~240、0~300、0~360、0~420、0~480 kg/hm^(2);磷肥利用率35%、30%、25%、20%、15%的适宜施磷量范围依次为0~206、0~240、0~288、0~360、0~480 kg/hm^(2);有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级土壤适宜施磷量分别为0、9~80、17~160、26~240、34~320、43~400、51~480 kg/hm^(2)。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标与推荐施钾量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施钾提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标与推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤速效钾第1~3级丰缺指标依次为≥258、117~258和<117mg/kg,全钾第1~4级丰缺指标依次为≥31、21~31、11~21和<11 g/kg。当钾肥当季利用率40%~60%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~4级土壤推荐施钾量分别为0、10~60、20~120和30~180kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~4级土壤推荐施钾量依次为0、18~90、36~180和54~270kg/hm^(2)。本研究初步建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施钾奠定了科学基础。

我国甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究

【目的】甜菜是重要的糖料作物,土壤磷素供应和磷肥施用影响甜菜的产量和品质。为此,我们开展甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。【方法】采用“零散实验数据整合法”建立我国甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程。以“甜菜”“施肥”“磷”为主题词,在中国知网检索到相关论文44篇,剔除低质量试验数据后,共获得104组包含不施磷和施磷处理甜菜产量数据,及对应的土壤有效磷含量数据,建立不施磷甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程。参考“土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案”将土壤有效磷含量分为7级,将各节点不施磷甜菜相对产量带入建立的回归方程,计算出每个节点的土壤有效磷含量,作为甜菜土壤有效磷分级指标。采用“养分平衡—地力差减法新公式”,依据目标产量和磷肥利用率,计算了不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量。【结果】我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程为:y=14.169 Ln(x)+46.679(R~2=0.3242,n=104,P<0.01)。我国甜菜土壤有效磷由高到低分为7个等级,对应的有效磷含量依次为≥44、22~44、11~22、6~11、3~6、1.5~3和<1.5 mg/kg。当甜菜目标产量为30~90 t/hm^(2)、磷肥利用率为15%~35%时,有效磷第1~7级土壤的适宜施磷量分别为0、13~90、26~180、39~270、51~360、64~450、77~540 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】鉴于收集采用的数据样本量大且来源于高质量试验,本研究建立的我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程具有很好的可信度,依据该方程确定了土壤有效磷丰缺指标,进而若干目标产量和磷肥利用率下不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量得以推荐。

温州市鲜食玉米测土配方施肥田间肥效试验研究

为指导温州市鲜食玉米科学合理施肥,提升生产效益,研究开展“3414”田间肥效试验,发现不同土壤条件下,影响产量的关键肥料因素不同,开展鲜食玉米测土配方施肥意义重大。土壤有机质含量在保障基础产量和提升产量方面发挥重要作用,在生产中尤其要注重有机肥和普通化肥的配合施用。本地区肥料施用效益较高,但在实际生产中要避免唯产量论,需追求收益最大化,在确保最佳收益水平下,减少肥料用量。根据模型,本研究2个试验点每667 m^(2)最大效益值分别可达到3285.59、3129.29元,鹿城区相应氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量为22.40、15.56、26.68 kg,文成县相应氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量为26.25、15.98、19.50 kg。结合土壤肥力情况,整体来看温州地区每667 m^(2)施用N 25 kg、P 15 kg、K 25 kg,即N∶P∶K为1.67∶1∶1.67,作为基础施肥量具有一定的指导意义,在此基础上根据鲜食玉米产区土壤成分进行施肥量调整,可以为科学施肥提供理论指导。

优化施肥对水稻养分吸收及土壤肥力变化的影响

为探究不同施肥处理对水稻产量及养分含量的影响,以及肥料三要素的利用现状,物化测土配方施肥技术。本文于2021年在广宁县宾亨镇妙村开展化肥减量增效田间肥效试验。研究结果表明,在水稻肥料利用率试验中,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理较N0P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P0K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K0处理产量增加,养分含量及累积量有所提高。本试验水稻氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为40.29%、36.79%、58.65%。本试验开展前后土壤碱解氮肥力等级变化由高到低,土壤有效磷肥力等级变化由高到极高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P0K_(2)处理土壤速效钾肥力等级保持为高,N0P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K0处理土壤速效钾肥力等级变化由高到中。通过测土配方施肥技术,可以实现土壤释放、肥料供应与作物吸收养分相平衡,促进化肥减量增效,提高肥料利用率,实现节支增收。

近30年四川省土壤pH时空变化特征研究

【目的】酸碱性(pH)是重要的土壤化学指标,影响着土壤质量和土壤健康状况。研究土壤pH的时空变化特征为农业生产和耕地质量管理提供借鉴。【方法】研究数据包括1979—1985年(1980s)全国第二次土壤普查和2005—2014年(2010s)测土配方施肥项目期间四川省土壤pH的调查数据。利用ArcGIS 10.2软件中“Spatial Analyst”模块和反距离权重(inverse distance weighted,IDW)插值方法对土壤pH进行空间插值,获得土壤pH空间分布图;利用ArcGIS 10.2软件中栅格计算器获得两个时期的土壤pH变化状况,并统计分析不同土壤pH分级空间和面积变化。【结果】四川省土壤pH平均值由1980s的7.0降低至2010s的6.54。1980s时期四川省土壤pH在强酸性(pH≤4.5)、酸性(4.5<pH≤5.5)、弱酸性(5.5<pH≤6.5)、中性(6.5<pH≤7.5)、弱碱性(7.5<pH≤8.5)和碱性(8.5<pH≤9.0)的面积占比分别为0.09%、14.58%、53.17%、12.57%、19.58%和0.01%。2010s时期,以上7个土壤pH分级的面积占比分别为0.06%、4.45%、30.41%、48.65%、16.40%和0.04%。从1980s到2010s期间,四川省土壤pH值升高的面积比例为49.63%,主要分布在四川西部地区,土壤pH值降低的面积比例为20.13%,主要分布在川中丘陵区。成都平原区各分级pH土壤面积变化较少,弱酸性土壤面积略增加,碱性土壤面积略减少。川中丘陵区酸性土壤面积占比增加,碱性土壤面积减少。盆周山区酸性和碱性土壤面积减少,中性土壤面积增加;川西南山地区各土壤pH分级面积变化比例较小,其酸性面积比例略减少,中性土壤面积增加;川西北高原山地区酸性、弱酸性土壤面积分别降低了9.00%、23.67%,中性土壤面积增加29.96%,碱性土壤面积略增加。【结论】从1980s到2010s的近30年间,四川省酸性土壤面积减少,中性土壤面积增大,然而在川中丘陵区有一定比例的土壤酸化,需引起重视。

测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分利用率的影响

为指导阿克苏市玉米科学合理施肥,提高肥料利用率,实现化肥减量目标,以金谷玉6号为试验材料,研究测土配方施肥对玉米产量及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:测土配方施肥处理(施尿素446.7 kg/hm^(2)、重过磷酸钙375 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸钾156 kg/hm^(2))对玉米生长、产量及经济效益均有促进作用,净收入可达19 140.45元/hm^(2);养分利用率分别为氮肥36.26%,磷肥17.39%,钾肥41.99%。

慈利县中稻测土配方施肥肥效校正试验

为校正张家界慈利县测土配方施肥参数且优化肥料配方,客观评价其施肥效益,于2021年在慈利县开展了中稻玉珍香测土配方施肥肥效校正试验。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,配方施肥有效穗数、穗总粒数和千粒重分别增加3.77%、7.69%、10.36%,产量增加349.5 kg/hm^(2),产值增加964.62元/hm^(2);与不施肥对照相比,配方施肥有效穗数、穗总粒数和千粒重分别增加6.45%、9.36%、10.86%,产量增加690.0 kg/hm^(2),产值增加1904.40元/hm^(2)。因此,测土配方施肥可满足水稻的生长发育需求,有明显的增产增收作用,值得在慈利县中稻生产中大力推广。

我国西瓜土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究

为了给我国西瓜测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡—地力差减法新应用公式”,对我国西瓜土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量开展研究。在中国知网数据库检索相关文献,通过建立我国西瓜土壤有效磷含量与缺磷处理相对产量回归方程,划分出土壤有效磷丰缺级别,计算推荐施磷量。结果表明:我国西瓜土壤有效磷第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥105、35~105、12~35、4~12、2~4m g/k g和<2m g/k g。当季磷肥利用率为15%~35%,目标产量为30~90 t/hm^(2)时,西瓜第1~6级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、8~54、15~108、23~162、31^(2)16 kg/hm^(2)和39^(2)70kg/hm^(2)。研究初步建立了我国西瓜土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施磷系统,为我国西瓜测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

烟草垄体分层施肥土壤镇压试验与肥料颗粒偏移分析

【目的】研究烟草起垄分层施肥镇压复合作业时,镇压压强P与土壤下陷量B的关系、土壤下陷量B与据表层150 mm处的土壤坚实度M的关系及土壤内部肥料颗粒的偏移情况,为镇压装置与分层施肥装置关键结构的设计提供理论基础。【方法】通过改变施加载荷的大小进行镇压试验,测量垄体表层土壤下陷量B和距离表层150 mm处的土壤坚实度M,获得P-B曲线和B-M曲线,根据烟草移栽农艺要求确定土壤下陷量B和压强P的范围。通过EDEM仿真,得到土壤镇压作业时内部颗粒的偏移情况。【结果】得到了在符合作物生长需求的条件下,镇压产生的土壤下陷量B的范围为5~33 mm,相应施加在土壤表面的压强P为5~23 kPa;在土壤下陷量B为25 mm时,分层施肥肥料颗粒向下偏移量分别为20.2、15.1、7.7、4.8 mm,与镇压试验结果误差为10.0%~14.6%。最后通过田间试验进行验证。【结论】根据土壤压缩及内部颗粒偏移规律设计分层施肥镇压装置,垄内分层施肥深度稳定,整形效果良好,可为镇压装置及垄内分层施肥装置的设计提供参考。