Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality and Environmental Driving Factors in Different Soil Types of Artificial Forests

The aim was to clarify the environmental driving factors of soil fertility indicators in artificial forests of Guangxi and comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility level.By collecting data on the current status of soil in artificial forests,the spatial distribution of major soil fertility indicators was analyzed,and the distribution map of the fertility index of artificial forests in the entire region and the comprehensive fertility index of artificial forests of different soil types were obtained.Canonical correspondence analysis method was used to analyze soil fertility indicators and environmental factors,and the environmental driving factors of soil fertility indicators for artificial forests of the main soil types in Guangxi were obtained.The results showed that over 90%of the soil fertility index of artificial forests in the entire region was between 0.20 and 0.50.The order of soil fertility index of different soil types of artificial forests from high to low was yellow brown soil>yellow red soil>yellow soil>red soil>limestone soil>latosolic red soil>laterite.In artificial forests of latosolic red soil,the correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and organic matter,annual average temperature was high,while the correlation between soil available phosphorus and organic matter,pH was high,and the correlation between soil available potassium and environmental factors such as slope,altitude,rainfall,accumulated temperature,and slope aspect was high.In artificial forests of red soil,the correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and slope,altitude was high,while the correlation between soil available phosphorus and accumulated temperature,rainfall was high,and the correlation between soil available potassium and pH was high.In artificial forests of limestone soil,there was a high correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and slope,organic matter,a high correlation between soil available phosphorus and accumulated temperature,rainfall,and a high correlation between soil available potassium and pH.

Effects of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization on Yield and Economic Benefit of Major Crops in Burundi

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi,thereby increasing local farmers'income and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in Burundi.[Methods]In the IMBO and MOSO test stations of the Burundi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Burundi Fruit and Vegetable Extension and Service Center,soil testing and formulated fertilization test and demonstration was carried out in rice,maize and cabbage.The test set up three treatments,soil testing and formulated fertilization(STFF),local routine fertilization(RF)and non-fertilization(CK)to investigate the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on the yield and economic benefit of the crops.[Results]In the plot test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were both highest in the STFF treatment.Compared with those in the RF treatment,the yield of rice,maize and cabbage increased by 19.0%,25.7%and 33.0%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4292,2837 and 8232 yuan/ha,respectively.In the field test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were also both highest in the STFF treatment.The yield increased by 18.1%,24.3%and 25.9%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4142,2881 and 8665 yuan/ha,respectively compared with those in the RF treatment.[Conclusions]Soil testing and formulated fertilization not only increased rice,maize and cabbage yield per unit area,but also increased farmers'income in Burundi.It is one of the important technical measures to promote the increase of agricultural production and income in Burundi.

Novel Hybrid X GBoost Model to Forecast Soil Shear Strength Based on Some Soil Index Tests

When building geotechnical constructions like retaining walls and dams is of interest,one of the most important factors to consider is the soil’s shear strength parameters.This study makes an effort to propose a novel predictive model of shear strength.The study implements an extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)technique coupled with a powerful optimization algorithm,the salp swarm algorithm(SSA),to predict the shear strength of various soils.To do this,a database consisting of 152 sets of data is prepared where the shear strength(τ)of the soil is considered as the model output and some soil index tests(e.g.,dry unit weight,water content,and plasticity index)are set as model inputs.Themodel is designed and tuned using both effective parameters of XGBoost and SSA,and themost accuratemodel is introduced in this study.Thepredictionperformanceof theSSA-XGBoostmodel is assessedbased on the coefficient of determination(R2)and variance account for(VAF).Overall,the obtained values of R^(2) and VAF(0.977 and 0.849)and(97.714%and 84.936%)for training and testing sets,respectively,confirm the workability of the developed model in forecasting the soil shear strength.To investigate the model generalization,the prediction performance of the model is tested for another 30 sets of data(validation data).The validation results(e.g.,R^(2) of 0.805)suggest the workability of the proposed model.Overall,findings suggest that when the shear strength of the soil cannot be determined directly,the proposed hybrid XGBoost-SSA model can be utilized to assess this parameter.

Changes in Organic Carbon Index of Grey Desert Soil in Northwest China After Long-Term Fertilization

Soil organic carbon （SOC）, soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and SMBC quotient （SMBC/SOC, qSMBC） are key indexes of soil biological fertility because of the relationship to soil nutrition supply capacity. Yet it remains unknown how these three indexes change, which limits our understanding about how soil respond to different fertilization practices. Based on a 22-yr （1990-2011） long-term fertilization experiment in northwest China, we investigated the dynamics of SMBC and qSMBC during the growing period of winter wheat, the relationships between the SMBC, qSMBC, soil organic carbon （SOC） concentrations, the carbon input and grain yield of wheat as well. Fertilization treatments were 1） nonfertilization （control）; 2） chemical nitrogen plus phosphate plus potassium （NPK）; 3） NPK plus animal manure （NPKM）; 4） double NPKM （hNPKM） and 5） NPK plus straw （NPKS）. Results showed that the SMBC and qSMBC were significantly different among returning, jointing, flowering and harvest stages of wheat under long-term fertilization. And the largest values were observed in the flowering stage. Values for SMBC and qSMBC ranged from 37.5 to 106.0 mg kg1 and 0.41 to 0.61%, respectively. The mean value rank of SMBC during the whole growing period of wheat was hNPKM〉NPK_M〉NPKS〉CK〉NPK. But there were no statistically significant differences between hNPKM and NPKM, or between CK and NPK. The order for qSMBC was NPKS〉NPKM〉CK〉hNPKM〉NPK. These results indicated that NPKS significantly increased the ratio of SMBC to SOC, i.e., qSMBC, compared with NPK fertilizer or other two NPKM fertilizations. Significant linear relationships were observed between the annual carbon input and SOC （P〈0.01） or SMBC （P〈0.05）, and between the relative grain yield of wheat and the SOC content as well （P〈0.05）. But the qSMBC was not correlated with the annual carbon input. It is thus obvious that the combination of manure, straw with mineral fertilizer may be benefit to increase SOC and improve soil quality than using only mineral fertilizer.

Drivers of the Chemical Quality of Market Gardening Soils in the Urban and Peri-Urban Environment of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): Impact of Fertilizers Sources and Sites Location

Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).

GIS-Based Assessment of Soil Chemical and Physical Properties as a Basis for Land Reclamation in Toshka Area, Aswan, EGYPT

The accurate assessment of soil properties is a crucial factor for composing and implementing reclamation plans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties and calculate the chemical and fertility index for assisting land reclamation in Toshka area. The Toshka area is located between latitudes 31°32'N and 31°36'N and longitudes 32°40'E and 32°60'E. GIS was used to select 16 sites. The results revealed the soil has undesirable characteristics. The soil pH ranged from slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. Furthermore, it was characterized as saline (with a ECe of 4.65 - 11.45 dS⋅m−1) and moderately calcareous soil (with CaCO3 at 11.85% - 17.20%). The soil had a low soil organic matter content which did not exceed 0.18%. The soil was dominated by a sandy loam texture (62.50%) followed by a sandy clay loam texture (18.75%). The bulk density, total soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity values varied with 1.38 - 1.55 Mg⋅cm−3, 41.85% - 48.45% and 1.20 - 3.34 cm⋅h−1, respectively. The chemical index ranged from low to moderate quality. The correlations between the parameters osculated between negative and positive. Therefore, the soil may be reclaimed if the soil properties are improved and crop selection is optimized for this soil.

Balanced Fertilizer Use through Soil Testing Leads to Higher Yields and Nutrient Contents of Maize Grains

Fertilizers use can be optimized through soil testing and leaf analysis. This paper deals with using soil analysis as a base for fertilizer use in maize. A field experiment was carried out in two summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 with maize (triple hybrid) in Oraby Village, Mariut sector, Alexandria, Egypt. Soil testing shows that soil was clay loam, with high Na and CaCO3 contents with high pH, low organic matter, medium P and K and low micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu), seven treatments were designed. The most promising treatment was when P and K were increased and micronutrients were added based on soil testing. This treatment resulted in the highest yield with better grain contents of protein and nutrients which indicated that soil-test based on fertilizer use was superior. Soil analysis at the end of the experiment showed higher P and K contents. This approach could be adopted for regions with similar soil conditions in other parts of the world.

Sufficiency and Deficiency Indices of Soil Available Zinc for Rice in the Alluvial Soil of the Coastal Yellow Sea

To determine the sufficiency and deficiency indices of soil available Zn by the Agro Services International （ASI） method （ASI-Zn） for Zn fertilizer recommendation in rice production in the alluvial soil of the coastal Yellow Sea, the relationship between relative rice yield and soil available ASI-Zn concentration was analyzed from a ten-field experiment with various soil test classes ranging from low to high fertility in 2005 and 2006, and nine Zn fertilizer application rates （0, 7.5 15, 22.5, 30, 37.5, 45, 52.5 and 60 kg Zn/ha） arranged at random with three replications in each field. There was a significant quadratic relationship between soil available ASI-Zn and rice yield, and a significant linear relationship between soil available ASI-Zn concentration and Zn fertilization rate. For rice variety Wuyujing 3, soil available ASI-Zn was deficient when the value was at lower than 1 mg Zn/L, low at 1 to 2 mg Zn/L, sufficient at 1 to 2 mg Zn/L, excessive at higher than 7.5 mg Zn/L. Thus, Zn fertilizer recommendation could be done according to the sufficiency and deficiency indices of soil ASI-Zn. For most of alluvial soils of the coastal Yellow Sea in the study, the available ASI-Zn was lower than 1 mg Zn/L, and then the optimum application rate of Zn fertilizer was about 20 kg Zn/ha.

Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Paddy Soil Quality as Affected by Different Nutrient and Water Regimes

A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 to compare and evaluate the effects of nutrient and water regimes on paddy soil quality by investigating soil chemical and microbiological parameters. Four nutrient regimes, a control, chemical fertilizers only (CF), chemical fertilizers with swine manure (SM), and chemical fertilizers with wheat straw (WS), and two soil moisture regimes, continuous waterlogging (CWL) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), were investigated. With SM and WS total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those with CF. A similar effect for organic amendments was observed in the soil light fraction organic C (LFOC), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). CWL, in particular when swine manure was incorporated into the paddy soil, markedly decreased soil redox potential (Eh) and increased total active reducing substances (ARS). Meanwhile, as compared to CF, SM and WS significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and mineralizable carbon, with differences in AWD being higher than CWL. In addition, SM and WS treatments significantly (P < 0.05) improved rice above-ground biomass and grain yield, with AWD being greater than CWL. Thus, for ecologically sustainable agricultural management of paddy soils, long-term waterlogging should be avoided when organic manure was incorporated into paddy soil.

Utilization of Wood Biomass for Organic Soil Based on the Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX)

Possibility of wood biomass for preparing organic soil was examined to construct reproducible and stable organic standard soil. Seven organic soils were constructed from base soils and additive materials based on the recommended values of the soil fertility index (SOFIX) (total carbon ≥ 25,000 mg/kg, total nitrogen ≥ 1500 mg/kg, total phosphorus ≥ 1100, and total potassium of 2500 to 10,000 mg/kg). Base soils were prepared from two types of wood biomass (big- and small-sized wood chips) at 50%, 60%, and 70% (v/v) and other organic materials such as peat moss, black soil, and mountain soil. Additive materials (soybean meal, oil cake, cow manure, and bone meal) were amended into all organic soils at the same amount. Incubation experiment showed that bacterial biomass in all organic soil was greater than 6 × 108 cells/g-soil after addition of 30% of water content for 1 week. In addition, polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis resulted in a stable bacterial diversity of the organic soil prepared from the small size wood chip at 70%. Chemical properties of all organic soils were within the recommended values of SOFIX. The plant cultivation experiment showed that fresh Brassica rapa var. peruviridis weights in the organic soils with 50%, 60%, and 70% of small-sized wood chip were 5%, 16%, and 27% higher than that of the chemical fertilizer-amended soil. The organic soil with 70% of small wood chip was the best in the seven organic soils in this study.

Soil Fertility Comparison between Rotations of Tobacco-Rice (TR) and Rape-Rice (RR)

Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (IFI) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and IFI were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.01), the contents of Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05), but Mn content was significantly lower in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05). Meanwhile the contents of TP, TK and AP were insignificantly higher in TR than those in RR, and the contents of B, Mo and Zn were insignificantly lower in TR than those in RR. The above significant differences in soil fertility indicators were mainly due to relatively higher fertilizer inputs and less nutrient removal during tobacco-growing season than during rape-growing season, the net increase of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m2 respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m2 respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and IFI were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertilizers should be applied for 42.86%, 23.81%, 14.29%, 47.62%, 80.95% and 47.62% RR fields, respectively.

Influence of expanded polystyrene size on deformation characteristics of light weight soil

Deformation characteristics of light weight soil with different EPS (expanded polystyrene) sizes were investigated by consolidation tests.The results show that the confined stress-strain relation curve is in S shape,which has a good homologous relation with e-p curve and e-lgp curve,and three types of curves reflect obvious structural characteristics of light weight soil.When cement mixed ratio and EPS volume ratio are the same for different specimens,structural strength decreases with the increase of EPS size,but compressibility indexes basically keep unchanged within the structural strength.The settlement of light weight soil can be divided into instantaneous settlement and primary consolidation settlement.It has no obvious rheology property,and 90% of total consolidation deformation can be finished in 1 min.Settlement-time relation of light weight soil can be predicted by the hyperbolic model.S-lgt curve of light weight soil is not in anti-S shape.It is proved that there is no secondary consolidation section,so consolidation coefficient cannot be obtained by time logarithm method.Structural strength and unit price decrease with the increase of EPS size,but the reducing rate of the structural strength is lower than that of the unit price,so the cost of mixed soil can be reduced by increasing the EPS size.The EPS beads with 3-5 mm in diameter are suggested to be used in the construction process,and the prescription of mixed soil can be optimized.

Characterization of Orchard Fields Based on Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX)

Soil samples from 139 agricultural orchard fields (apple, grape, tea, and others) were analyzed using the soil fertility index. From these samples, an orchard field database was constructed and the soil properties between orchard, upland, and paddy fields were compared. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was 7.4 × 108 cells/g-soil, ranging from not detected (lower than 6.6 × 106 cells/g-soil) to 7.7 × 109 cells/g-soil. The average values of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), were 24,000 mg/kg (2670 to 128,100 mg/kg), 1460 mg/kg (133 to 6400 mg/kg), 1030 mg/kg (142 to 5362 mg/kg), and 5370 mg/kg (1214 to 18,155 mg/kg), respectively. The C/N and C/P ratios were 19 (3 to 85) and 27 (2 to 101), respectively. Soil properties of the orchard fields were compared with those of the upland and the paddy fields. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was almost the same as that in the upland fields (8.0 × 108 cells/g-soil), but the number was lower than that in the paddy fields (12.9 × 108 cells/g-soil). The average values of TC and TN in the orchard fields fell between those in the upland fields (TC: 33,120 mg/kg, TN: 2010 mg/kg) and the paddy fields (TC: 15,420 mg/kg, TN: 1080 mg/kg). The relationship between the bacterial biomass and TC in the orchard fields resembled that in the upland fields. A suitable soil condition for the orchard fields was determined as TC: ≥25,000 mg/kg, TN: ≥1500 mg/kg, TP: ≥900 mg/kg and TK: 2500 - 10,000 mg/kg. These recommended values will be effective for the improvement of the soil quality in the orchard fields by enhancing the number and activities of microorganisms.

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施氮提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡―地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究.结果表明,我国燕麦土壤碱解氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥389、219~389、123~219、70~123、39~70、22~39、13~22和<13 mg/kg;土壤全氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥5.0、2.8~5.0、1.5~2.8、0.9~1.5、0.5~0.9、0.3~0.5、0.2~0.3和<0.2 g/kg;土壤有机质第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥64、39~64、23~39、14~23、9~14、5~9、3~5和<3 g/kg.当氮肥利用率30%~50%时,目标产量1.5~6.0 t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、9~60、18~120、27~180、36~240、45~300、54~360和63~420 kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15 t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0、14~80、29~160、43~240、58~320、72~400、86~480和101~560 kg/hm^(2).本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施氮奠定了科学基础.

我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量

为了给我国大麦测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究.结果表明,我国大麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥40.7、24.2~40.7、14.4~24.2、8.6~14.4、5.1~8.6、3.0~5.1、1.8~3.0和<1.8 mg/kg.当磷肥利用率15%~35%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm~2籽实大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量6~15 t/hm~2干草大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量15~45 t/hm~2青贮大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、7~51、15~102、22~153、29~204、36~255、44~306和51~357 kg/hm~2.本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国大麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础.

三亚市水稻氮磷钾肥利用率田间试验探析

海南省三亚市是中国南繁育种基地之一,水稻为全市的主要粮食作物,在生产过程中合理施用肥料以提高产量极其重要。本试验通过田间水稻种植试验和实验室检测及数据分析,探讨氮肥、磷肥、钾肥不同配施水平对水稻产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,测土配方施肥的水稻产量最高,处理1的理论产量为558.04 kg/667m^(2),氮肥利用率为41.37%、磷肥利用率为22.73%、钾肥利用率为45.84%。本试验旨在为三亚市水稻种植中推广测土配方施肥技术提供数据支撑和参考。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施磷提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥45、24~45、12~24、6.2~12、3.2~6.2、1.7~3.2、0.9~1.7和<0.9mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率为15%~35%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、4~40、9~80、13~120、17~160、21~200、26~240和30~280kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、6~50、13~100、19~150、26~200、32~250、39~300和45~350kg/hm^(2)。本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

温州市鲜食玉米测土配方施肥田间肥效试验研究

为指导温州市鲜食玉米科学合理施肥,提升生产效益,研究开展“3414”田间肥效试验,发现不同土壤条件下,影响产量的关键肥料因素不同,开展鲜食玉米测土配方施肥意义重大。土壤有机质含量在保障基础产量和提升产量方面发挥重要作用,在生产中尤其要注重有机肥和普通化肥的配合施用。本地区肥料施用效益较高,但在实际生产中要避免唯产量论,需追求收益最大化,在确保最佳收益水平下,减少肥料用量。根据模型,本研究2个试验点每667 m^(2)最大效益值分别可达到3285.59、3129.29元,鹿城区相应氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量为22.40、15.56、26.68 kg,文成县相应氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量为26.25、15.98、19.50 kg。结合土壤肥力情况,整体来看温州地区每667 m^(2)施用N 25 kg、P 15 kg、K 25 kg,即N∶P∶K为1.67∶1∶1.67,作为基础施肥量具有一定的指导意义,在此基础上根据鲜食玉米产区土壤成分进行施肥量调整,可以为科学施肥提供理论指导。

不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥对植烟土壤有机碳固存的影响

为探究不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥影响植烟土壤有机碳固存的长期效应,基于连续9年的田间定位试验,设置不施肥(CK)、100%化肥(CF-1,当地常规推荐施肥)、80%化肥(CF-2)、80%化肥配施有机肥(OF-1)、60%化肥配施有机肥(OF-2)、70%化肥配施有机肥+生物有机肥(BOF)处理,对植烟土壤有机碳储量盈亏、固碳速率、有机碳组分含量、有机碳敏感指数、土壤碳库活度和土壤碳库管理指数进行对比,探讨不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥对植烟土壤有机碳固存的长期效应。与CF-1处理相比,连续不施肥(CK)处理植烟土壤有机碳组分、储量和土壤碳固存速率显著下降。不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥的OF-1、OF-2和BOF处理,植烟土壤有机碳含量分别增加9.6%、20.9%和13.9%,土壤活性有机碳含量分别增加43.4%、68.0%和41.7%,土壤可溶性有机碳含量分别增加14.8%、19.1%和25.4%,土壤微生物量碳含量分别增加22.8%、37.2%和36.4%,土壤有机碳储量分别增加15.3%、30.2%和31.2%,年平均固碳速率分别提高191.3%、382.6%和391.3%,碳库管理指数分别提高100.8%、159.8%和79.6%。不同比例化肥减量配施有机肥显著提升土壤活性有机碳敏感指数。与CF-1相比,OF-1、OF-2和BOF处理的烟叶产量分别提高10.3%、33.5%和35.3%,中上等烟叶比例分别提高14.6%、22.0%和18.0%。连续9年化肥减量配施有机肥显著提高植烟土壤有机碳组分含量和土壤有机碳固存速率,促进烟叶产质量提升,是烟叶绿色优质生产、农田土壤固碳增效的有效途径,以OF-2和BOF效应更好。

遵义市植烟土壤肥力综合评价及空间分布

了解遵义市植烟土壤综合肥力状况,为烟草种植规划提供理论支持。在遵义市13个区(县)168个乡镇采集3772份植烟土壤样品进行化学性状测定,运用模糊数学法评估植烟土壤肥力状况,采用Kriging插值法绘制植烟土壤化学性状和综合肥力评价空间分布图。结果表明:①遵义市植烟土壤酸碱度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量相互间呈极显著相关关系;有机质、碱解氮含量达到高或较高水平,土壤有效磷、速效钾含量较高,保障了烤烟生长所需的主要营养;②植烟土壤各肥力指标具有明显的空间变异特征,有机质与碱解氮分布基本一致,呈现极大的关联性,有机质、碱解氮和有效磷为斑块状分布态势,土壤pH值和速效钾呈块状分布。其中钾含量较高的区域与土壤pH值较低区域基本一致;③遵义市植烟土壤肥力综合评价得分为0.73,变异系数为16.8%,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级合计占比超过93%,遵义市植烟土壤肥力状况较好,空间变异较小。综合来看,遵义市植烟土壤肥力能供给优质烟叶生产的需求,但部分地区仍需加强有机肥、氮肥的使用,针对不同区域的肥力差异进行改良。