In the Canadian Prairies, many soils on organic farms are low in available phosphorus (P). Previous research has shown that wheat species/cultivars vary in their sensitivity to P deficiency, yield response to applied ...In the Canadian Prairies, many soils on organic farms are low in available phosphorus (P). Previous research has shown that wheat species/cultivars vary in their sensitivity to P deficiency, yield response to applied P fertilizer, P uptake and P use efficiency on P-deficient soils. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 on a P-deficient soil at Kelvington, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the potential of five wheat species/cultivars (Spelt and Kamut representing “ancient”, Red Fife representing “old”, and Unity and Goodeve representing “modern” wheat species/cultivars) for seed yield, protein concentration (PC) in seed, partial factor of productivity (PFP, kg seed kg-1 of N applied), total N and P uptake, P use efficiency (PUE, kg seed kg-1 of P applied) and % recovery of applied P in seed under zero-P and with P fertilizer (triple superphosphate) applied at 20 kg P ha-1. Seed yield, PFP and PUE were determined in all 3 years, but PC, total N and P uptake, and % recovery of applied P in seed were determined only in 2012. There was a marked and significant response of seed yield and PFP of all wheat species/cultivars to P fertilizer in all 3 years, but the actual seed yield and PFP, without and with applied P fertilizer, as well as PUE, varied with species/cultivar in different years. On the average of 3 years, seed yield and PFP were greatest for Unity in both without and with applied P fertilizer treatments. Seed yield increases from applied P were 1111, 773, 890, 1810 and 2028 kg·ha-1, respectively, for Spelt, Kamut, Red Fife, Unity and Goodeve. Total N and P uptake were lowest for Kamut and greatest for Unity or Goodeve, in both without and with applied P fertilizer treatments. Percent recovery of applied P in seed was greatest for Goodeve or Unity and lowest for Spelt or Kamut. Protein concentration in seed usually decreased with P fertilizer, and wheat species/cultivars with higher PC in seed usually showed greater reduction in PC with P application. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the “modern” wheat species/cultivars Unity or Goodeve might be more suitable for high sustainable seed yield and total P or N uptake than the “ancient” wheat species Spelt and Kamut or the “old” wheat cultivar Red Fife, especially when adequate amount of P fertilizer is applied to optimize crop production on a P-deficient soil.展开更多
间套作是我国传统农业的精髓,是发展生态农业的重要措施之一,在我国乃至世界的现代农业中仍然占有一定的地位。然而,长期间套作条件下的土壤肥力变化研究较为缺乏。在甘肃武威连续6年(2009—2014年)进行定位试验,采用两因素试验设计,主...间套作是我国传统农业的精髓,是发展生态农业的重要措施之一,在我国乃至世界的现代农业中仍然占有一定的地位。然而,长期间套作条件下的土壤肥力变化研究较为缺乏。在甘肃武威连续6年(2009—2014年)进行定位试验,采用两因素试验设计,主因素为三个施磷水平(0、40和80 kg hm-2),副因素为9种种植模式(蚕豆/玉米、大豆/玉米、鹰嘴豆/玉米和油菜/玉米间作,蚕豆、大豆、鹰嘴豆、油菜和玉米单作),分别在第5年(2013年)和第6年(2014年)测定体系生产力和土壤肥力的主要化学指标,旨在明确连续间作条件下土壤肥力的变化。结果表明:1)三个施磷水平平均下,间作显著提高体系籽粒产量,鹰嘴豆、蚕豆、大豆和油菜与玉米间作体系平均产量比对应单作分别高出38.2%、32.6%、34.0%和38.4%;2)与单作相比,间作种植显著提高了土壤有机质含量;3)施磷及种植方式对土壤全氮含量均无显著影响;4)间作种植与单作相比在2013年分别显著降低土壤Olsen P含量5.2%、6.9%、15.9%和11.3%,2014年间作相对于单作土壤Olsen P无显著变化;5)间作显著降低土壤速效钾含量,2年平均下降10.3%、14.1%、8.5%和13.2%;6)施磷和作物组合以及间作均未显著改变土壤p H。总之,连续种植5—6年,间作相对于单作仍能提高体系作物籽粒产量,施磷也能提高体系籽粒产量,80 kg hm-2施磷量时产量达到最高;间作有增加土壤有机质,降低土壤Olsen P和速效钾含量趋势,土壤全氮和p H未受到施磷和间作的影响。表明在合理的施肥条件下,间套作不仅相对于单作提高了作物产量,还能够增强农田生态系统的可持续性。展开更多
文摘In the Canadian Prairies, many soils on organic farms are low in available phosphorus (P). Previous research has shown that wheat species/cultivars vary in their sensitivity to P deficiency, yield response to applied P fertilizer, P uptake and P use efficiency on P-deficient soils. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 on a P-deficient soil at Kelvington, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the potential of five wheat species/cultivars (Spelt and Kamut representing “ancient”, Red Fife representing “old”, and Unity and Goodeve representing “modern” wheat species/cultivars) for seed yield, protein concentration (PC) in seed, partial factor of productivity (PFP, kg seed kg-1 of N applied), total N and P uptake, P use efficiency (PUE, kg seed kg-1 of P applied) and % recovery of applied P in seed under zero-P and with P fertilizer (triple superphosphate) applied at 20 kg P ha-1. Seed yield, PFP and PUE were determined in all 3 years, but PC, total N and P uptake, and % recovery of applied P in seed were determined only in 2012. There was a marked and significant response of seed yield and PFP of all wheat species/cultivars to P fertilizer in all 3 years, but the actual seed yield and PFP, without and with applied P fertilizer, as well as PUE, varied with species/cultivar in different years. On the average of 3 years, seed yield and PFP were greatest for Unity in both without and with applied P fertilizer treatments. Seed yield increases from applied P were 1111, 773, 890, 1810 and 2028 kg·ha-1, respectively, for Spelt, Kamut, Red Fife, Unity and Goodeve. Total N and P uptake were lowest for Kamut and greatest for Unity or Goodeve, in both without and with applied P fertilizer treatments. Percent recovery of applied P in seed was greatest for Goodeve or Unity and lowest for Spelt or Kamut. Protein concentration in seed usually decreased with P fertilizer, and wheat species/cultivars with higher PC in seed usually showed greater reduction in PC with P application. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the “modern” wheat species/cultivars Unity or Goodeve might be more suitable for high sustainable seed yield and total P or N uptake than the “ancient” wheat species Spelt and Kamut or the “old” wheat cultivar Red Fife, especially when adequate amount of P fertilizer is applied to optimize crop production on a P-deficient soil.
文摘间套作是我国传统农业的精髓,是发展生态农业的重要措施之一,在我国乃至世界的现代农业中仍然占有一定的地位。然而,长期间套作条件下的土壤肥力变化研究较为缺乏。在甘肃武威连续6年(2009—2014年)进行定位试验,采用两因素试验设计,主因素为三个施磷水平(0、40和80 kg hm-2),副因素为9种种植模式(蚕豆/玉米、大豆/玉米、鹰嘴豆/玉米和油菜/玉米间作,蚕豆、大豆、鹰嘴豆、油菜和玉米单作),分别在第5年(2013年)和第6年(2014年)测定体系生产力和土壤肥力的主要化学指标,旨在明确连续间作条件下土壤肥力的变化。结果表明:1)三个施磷水平平均下,间作显著提高体系籽粒产量,鹰嘴豆、蚕豆、大豆和油菜与玉米间作体系平均产量比对应单作分别高出38.2%、32.6%、34.0%和38.4%;2)与单作相比,间作种植显著提高了土壤有机质含量;3)施磷及种植方式对土壤全氮含量均无显著影响;4)间作种植与单作相比在2013年分别显著降低土壤Olsen P含量5.2%、6.9%、15.9%和11.3%,2014年间作相对于单作土壤Olsen P无显著变化;5)间作显著降低土壤速效钾含量,2年平均下降10.3%、14.1%、8.5%和13.2%;6)施磷和作物组合以及间作均未显著改变土壤p H。总之,连续种植5—6年,间作相对于单作仍能提高体系作物籽粒产量,施磷也能提高体系籽粒产量,80 kg hm-2施磷量时产量达到最高;间作有增加土壤有机质,降低土壤Olsen P和速效钾含量趋势,土壤全氮和p H未受到施磷和间作的影响。表明在合理的施肥条件下,间套作不仅相对于单作提高了作物产量,还能够增强农田生态系统的可持续性。
