Nutrient Analysis of Soil and Soilless Strawberries and Raspberries Grown in a Greenhouse

Soilless (hydroponic) vegetables and fruits grown in greenhouses are gaining popularity and potentially represent a compliment toward sustainable food sources. Only a few studies have looked at the nutrient quality of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) and raspberries (Rubus idaeus) grown in soilless systems. Dry weights, content of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, total polyphenolic compounds, glucose, fructose, and soluble solids (BRIX) of strawberries and raspberries grown in soilless systems were compared to their counterpart grown in soil. There was no change in dry weights but BRIX values (28% - 31%), glucose (158% - 175%), and fructose (75% - 102%) content for strawberries and raspberries respectively were significantly higher for the soil grown berries compared to soilless grown berries. Contents of ascorbic acid, tocopherol and total polyphenolic compounds were significantly higher in soilless grown strawberries compared to soil grown strawberries by 74%, 53%, and 22% respectively, and contents of ascorbic acid and total polyphenolic compounds were significantly higher in soil grown raspberries by 83% and 67% respectively compared to soilless grown raspberries. Soilless grown produce warrants future research to strive toward the potential to provide nutrient dense crops and opportunities toward optimized sustainable production.

Effects of Planting Mode on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mini-watermelon under Soilless Cultivation

[Objective]The paper was to screen out planting mode suitable for mini-watermelon in spring greenhouses under soilless cultivation.[Method]The effects of single row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein,double row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein,and double row planting with two lateral veins on the growth period,growth,fruit quality and yield of mini-watermelon were studied.[Result]The planting mode of single row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein was adopted.The earliest date of harvest was May 28;the fruit-setting rate was 106.3%;and the single fruit weight was 1.33 kg.The lowest abnormal fruit rate was 0.73%;the highest yield was 54465.45 kg/hm^2,and the central sugar content was the highest of 12.95%.[Conclusion]Single row planting mode under soilless cultivation has certain demonstration and popularization prospect.

Comparative Test on New Small Watermelon Varieties with Red Flesh under Soilless Culture Conditions

In order to screen out the small watermelon varieties with red flesh suitable for soilless cultivation and to meet people's requirements of high-quality watermelons,comparative tests were conducted on 6 small watermelon varieties with red flesh under soilless culture conditions in 2018.Based on the data of field traits,yield traits,quality traits and commercial traits,the integrated results showed that ‘Chuanqi 2’ had good quality and high yield,and the overall performance was the best.

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mini-watermelon under Soilless Cultivation

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of different plant densities on growth,yield and quality of mini-watermelon under soilless cultivation.[Method]Five planting densities were designed under double row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein in soilless cultivation,including 5.25×10^4,3.90×10^4,3.15×10^4,2.70×10^4 and 2.25×10^4 plants/hm^2.[Conclusion]Under the planting density of 3.15×10^4 plants/hm^2,the yield of mini-watermelon was the highest of 58.719 t/hm^2;the yield of plot was the highest of 260.97 kg;the central sugar content was the highest of 13.20%;the earliest date of harvest was June 1,ranking second;the fruit setting rate was 108.9%;the single fruit weight was 1.72 kg;and the malformed fruit rate was 0.48%.[Conclusion]Under soilless cultivation,3.15×10^4 plants/hm^2 is the best planting density.

Techniques of the Smart Textile Utilization as Soilless Board in Vertical Cultivation

Vertical cultivation is the most important method in the future spatially in smart agriculture systems. The fourth different thickness soilless textile was used as the board to cultivate water-cress (Eruca Sativa). The vacuum pump model VRI V3 Dual Stage Vacuum Pump was constructed and used in the preliminary experimental test. It’s run to measure the water content and water absorption percentage for soilless board under lab conditions. Different tests were evaluated for the absorption sample after elapsed time 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 5, 24 and 120 hours. Soilless board textile with thickness 32 mm, 26 mm, 21 mm and 16 mm made from the following material: woven fabric of Cotton. The four mattresses of smart textile as soilless vertical cultivation, measuring 40 cm width 60 cm length were created;it has filler from soft sawdust, a mixture of red (beech) and white (Swedish) wood. The result of preliminary test illustrated that the soilless board may be able to keep the amount of water for more than 72.3% after 5 days from edit water to soilless board. The soilless smart with 32 mm thickness gave highly growths of water-cress compared with the other smart mattress.

Systems of Soilless Culture in China

Soilless culture in China has developed rapidly in recent years. The area of soilless culture in China was about 0.1 ha in 1985, 117 ha in 1995, but in 2002 the area reached to 865 ha. This paper introduced the brief history of soilless culture in China, and the main soilless culture systems. The present situation and problems are also discussed in this paper.

Plasma nitrogen fixation system with dual-loop enhancement for improved energy efficiency and its efficacy for lettuce cultivation

Plasma nitrogen fixation(PNF)has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gasfree and renewable energy-based agriculture.Yet,most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues.In this work,we present the development of a compact and automatic PNF system for on-site agricultural applications.The system utilized a gliding-arc discharge as the plasma source and employed a dual-loop design to generate NO_(x)from air and water under atmospheric conditions.Experimental results showed that the system with a dualloop design performs well in terms of energy costs and production rates.Optimal operational parameters for the system were determined through experimentation,resulting in an energy cost of 13.9 MJ mol^(-1)and an energy efficiency of 16 g kWh^(-1)for NO_(3)^(-)production,respectively.Moreover,the concentration of exhausted NO_(x)was below the emission standards.Soilless lettuce cultivation experiments demonstrated that NO_(x)^(-)produced by the PNF system could serve as liquid nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.Overall,our work demonstrates the potential of the developed PNF system for on-site application in the production of green-leaf vegetables.

北方草莓温室后墙韭菜管道无土栽培技术

为了提高北方草莓日光温室空间利用率和经济效益,开展了后墙立体栽培韭菜的关键技术研究应用。通过栽培管道安装布设、无土栽培基质填充、韭菜品种优选、科学水肥调控等措施,在京郊草莓采摘季同期可收6茬韭菜,不仅美化了温室环境,丰富了采摘内容,而且提高了温室空间利用率,相当于增加土地面积60m^(2),每年可增加收入6000多元。

高湿竹屑替代商品草炭生产无土草坪的研究

【目的】开发替代商品草炭的无土草坪栽培基质,减少草坪生产中耕地的破坏以及资源消耗,降低生产成本,并实现竹材废弃物资源化利用。【方法】将新鲜竹屑(含水量60%)分别进行堆贮处理和堆肥处理,分析其理化性质,再进行草坪栽培试验,设置6个处理:CK1(草炭)、CK2(草炭+无纺布)、A1(堆贮竹屑)、A2(堆贮竹屑+无纺布)、B1(堆肥竹屑)、B2(堆肥竹屑+无纺布);进一步设置草炭与堆贮竹屑的不同混合体积比:100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、0∶100,进行黑麦草栽培试验,观测草坪草生长情况及草坪综合质量。【结果】堆贮竹屑比堆肥处理的更适合用作草坪栽培基料,配合使用无纺布可提升草皮成卷率。商品草炭与堆贮竹屑体积比50∶50的草坪质量评分更高。【结论】堆贮竹屑可替代50%的商品草炭进行草坪无土栽培,有利于草坪草生长,并可节约资源,有效降低生产成本。

不同栽培基质对无芒隐子草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)是一种抗旱能力较强的草种,但因其种子有休眠现象,成苗周期长,导致无芒隐子草在田间种植的出苗率和存活率不高,本研究旨在解决这一问题。【方法】采用基质栽培技术,选择来源广泛易获得的7种基质(泥炭、锯末、细砂、菇渣、蛭石、珍珠岩、陶粒)对无芒隐子草进行培育,并测定了各基质的理化性质以及无芒隐子草的萌发指标和生长指标。【结果】细砂、泥炭、锯末以及蛭石培育的无芒隐子草在发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数以及苗长等指标上均优于其他3种基质,其中锯末、细砂、泥炭和蛭石培育的无芒隐子草发芽率分别比菇渣提高了6.4倍、6.3倍、5.9倍和5.8倍。【结论】通过隶属函数法对各基质进行综合评价,排序为锯末>蛭石>细砂>珍珠岩>泥炭>菇渣>陶粒,推荐使用细砂、泥炭、锯末和蛭石作为无土栽培基质培育无芒隐子草。

简易无土栽培适宜樱桃番茄品种筛选

【目的】在北方日光温室内实现无土条件下栽培樱桃番茄,并筛选出高品质樱桃番茄品种。【方法】以‘红星2号’、‘绿精灵’、‘蓝精灵’、‘黄星7号’、‘黄星1号’、‘粉星’、‘彩星’7个品种为试验材料,采用铝箔椰糠栽培槽无土栽培模式。对供试品种的生长指标、果实形状、果实营养品质进行综合比较。【结果】‘黄星7号’植株的株高突出,‘红星2号’的生长势较高且稳定;‘红星2号’、‘绿精灵’、‘黄星7号’、‘黄星1号’果实外形为椭圆形,‘蓝精灵’、‘粉星’、‘彩星’果实外形为近圆形;‘黄星1号’、‘蓝精灵’、‘彩星’果实的糖酸比较高,分别为6.67、5.98、5.86,可溶性固形物分别为11.00%、9.80%、9.75%;‘红星2号’、‘黄星7号’、‘蓝精灵’的维生素C含量较高,分别为19.50 mg/100 g、17.38 mg/100 g、17.04 mg/100 g。【结论】经过试验筛选出樱桃番茄品种‘蓝精灵’和‘黄星1号’品质佳、外形好、颜色鲜艳,适于北方日光温室下无土栽培模式。

草莓番茄新品种京采8号特征特性及长季节无土栽培技术

为了满足蔬菜种植户和市民对高品质番茄的需求,针对北京市的气候特点和消费者的需求,引进和推广了番茄新品种京采8号,其具有生长势强、口感好、营养价值高、抗性强等优点。同时,采用水肥一体化技术、长季节无土栽培、单蔓整枝等高产优质栽培技术,667 m^(2)产量可达5693.04 kg,产值6万~8万元,经济效益显著。

生物炭和蚯蚓粪配施对草莓种苗生长和繁殖的影响

探究蚯蚓粪作为栽培基质以减少草炭使用的可行性,为高效利用蚯蚓粪和生物炭提供参考。本试验以草莓苗为主体材料,与设施立体无土栽培技术相结合,设置了5种不同基质配方,包括草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加(CK);蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加(Q_(1));草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加,在此基础上按体积比添加10%的生物炭(Q_(2));蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比2∶1∶1添加,在此基础上按体积比添加10%的生物炭(Q_(3));草炭∶蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按体积比1∶1∶1∶1添加,在此基础上按体积比添加10%的生物炭(Q_(4)),分别测定各配方基质对草莓植株生长繁殖情况产生的影响。结果表明,在生物炭基质中添加适量的蚯蚓粪不影响草莓缓苗成活,可促进植株株高、茎粗、冠幅、叶长、叶宽和叶面积等的生长;蚯蚓粪可提高草莓叶片叶绿素含量,进而促进植株光合作用,有利于草莓苗繁殖。综合来看,草炭、蚯蚓类、蛭石和珍珠岩等体积配比,添加一定量的生物炭可作为草莓栽培基质推广应用。试验结果为蚯蚓粪替代草炭作为无土栽培复合基质的新原料提供参考。

5 种毯式基质草皮的坪用和经济性状评价

无土草皮的开发及应用是保障草坪产业可持续发展的重要方向。以杂交狗牙根为材料,结合草坪草生长速度、坪用和经济指标,综合评价了5种毯式基质草皮。结果表明:在草坪草生长速度方面,秸秆草皮的匍匐茎水平扩展速率最快,为0.71 cm/d。人工天然混合草坪成坪时间最短,为25 d。在草坪坪用和运动指标方面,5种衬质处理均显著降低了杂草数量,显著提升了草坪茎密度、草皮紧实度和抗拉强度。秸秆草皮地上生物量最高,为4.3 g/dm2。在经济指标方面,秸秆草皮成本低,生产周期短,且做到了农林剩余物的回收利用,性价比高。椰丝草皮抗拉强度高,但咬合程度低,成本较高。人工天然混合草皮综合评价最优,成坪时间最短,坪用质量佳。

不同生态型基质配比对草莓生长的影响

明确不同生态型基质配比对草莓生长的影响,为草莓提质增效及有机产品开发提供科学依据。以‘甜查理’草莓为试验材料,羊粪、菇渣、秸秆和草炭等按不同体积比混配成栽培基质,对比分析不同基质配比处理对草莓生长的影响。结果表明,不同生态型基质配比的理化性状均适合草莓生长,处理Ⅲ(羊粪:菇渣:椰糠=1:2:1)下草莓植株生长势最强,其次为处理Ⅰ(羊粪:菇渣:草炭:秸秆=1:1:1:1)和处理Ⅳ(羊粪:菇渣:草炭=2:2:1),处理Ⅴ(羊粪:菇渣=1:2)条件下草莓长势最弱。

一种水基钻井液用抗温增黏剂的研制与评价

近年来,随着石油勘探向大位移井、深井、超深水井等方向发展,高温储层段对钻井液处理剂的要求也越来越高。增黏剂作为控制无土相水基钻井液黏度和提高钻井液携岩能力的关键材料,其抗温能力也面临着更高的挑战。以2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸AMPS、烯基己内酰胺NVCL、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮NVP、二乙烯苯DVB这4种合成单体为原料,以油溶性偶氮类为引发剂,通过胶束聚合反应,研制了一种水基抗温增黏剂,并评价了其各项性能,结果表明:该抗温增黏剂于160℃老化后,0.9%样品溶液的表观黏度为34 m Pa·s,动塑比达0.55,具有良好的增黏提切效果。该剂抗温达180℃,在高温下的增黏效果优于常规增黏剂,抗盐达饱和,抗钙达1.5%,很好地满足了钻井过程中对高温高盐地层钻井液增黏提切的要求。

HYDRUS-2D simulations of water movement in a drip irrigation system under soilless substrate

A comprehensive understanding of the distribution and water movement of the substrate in root areas is crucial to the design and management of drip irrigation systems,which is a significant step to maximizing crop water use efficiency by understanding the hydrodynamics in soilless substrates.In this study,an improved HYDRUS-2D model by the dynamic root growth model was used to simulate water movement under the condition of drip irrigation and the water uptake process of the root,and then,compared with the observed data.Substrate water content under drip irrigation was also measured with the calibrated ECH20-EC5 sensors.The situation of substrate water movement was analyzed under the conditions of different depths,different initial water content,and different irrigation amount.The substrate water movement under different drip irrigation conditions was explored.The results showed that incorporating the defined initial and boundary conditions and the hydraulic characteristics of the substrate into the model enabled HYDRUS model to predict the movement and position of water in unsaturated porous media by solving Richards equation.Under drip irrigation,the substrate wetting body was approximately a quarter ellipse,and the water would continue to move to the area where the wetting front did not reach within 1 h after irrigation.The simulation results of the improved HYDRUS-2D model agreed well with those observed by the ECH2O-EC5 sensors,and the model could provide a basis for precision irrigation of soilless substrate culture under drip irrigation.

适合采摘的日光温室生姜无土栽培技术

生姜无土栽培以采收形式新颖、参与度高的优势受到广大消费者的喜爱,且生姜无土栽培效益显著,可为种植者带来较高的收益。为满足京郊生姜观光采摘业对无土栽培技术的需求,在基质选择,姜种处理,温度、光照、水肥调控及病虫害防治等方面进行了3年试验示范,集成了日光温室生姜无土栽培技术,可实现每667 m^(2)采收生姜约3 000 kg,采摘价格20元/kg,每667 m^(2)产值约6万元。

基于TRIZ理论解决立柱栽培蔬菜长势不均的问题

由于立柱基质栽培设施存在上下层水肥供应不均和阴阳面光照不均的问题,导致了蔬菜长势不均进而影响高产,为了解决这些问题,引入TRIZ理论,根据TRIZ一般解题流程,首先陈述具体技术问题,然后抽象为TRIZ通用问题模型,再运用TRIZ工具得到通用的解决方案模型,共获得16种解决方案,最后结合实际,通过方案评价进行选择和技术集成,最终优选出“立体水培(或气雾培)+动态旋转+周期性供水肥”的集成方案,解决了立柱基质栽培水肥供应不均和光照不均的问题,有望进一步实现蔬菜无土栽培提质增产。

樱桃番茄无土栽培技术研究

樱桃番茄色泽鲜亮,口感好,富含维生素、番茄红素和谷胱甘肽,具备较大的市场潜力,设施栽培面积不断扩大。本文从樱桃番茄设施栽培中品种和基质选择、灌溉方式和授粉方式选择等对樱桃番茄生长发育、产量和品质的影响进行综述,旨在为樱桃番茄的设施栽培生产提供借鉴。实践表明,选取适宜的樱桃番茄优良品种,推广和应用无土栽培技术对提高樱桃番茄的生产效益具有重要作用。生产中,可利用农林废弃物资源的生物炭无土栽培基质等新型基质材料,实现樱桃番茄无土栽培技术的可持续发展。灌溉中,采用樱桃番茄精确监测和控制土壤体积含水量的方法,或者采用滴管综合增氧、滴管与潮汐灌溉相结合的方式均可显著提高温室樱桃番茄的产量和品质。同时,在设施栽培中引入熊蜂等昆虫进行授粉,对于提升樱桃番茄的坐果率和产量、品质具有积极作用。