Experimental investigation on atomization and collecting efficiency of wind-spray dust controller and its parameters optimization

In order to enhance the atomization efficiency of atomizer, a new type of wind-spray dust controller combining the rotary-atomization and colliding broken of droplets was designed by the method of opening the water circulation within the blades. The experiment test for dust controller was conducted by adjusting the following parameters: rotating speed, diversion hole-exit diameter, and colliding tooth angle. Results show that the atomization efficiency increases firstly then decreases with them. And the optimal parameters are obtained with rotating speed 1500-2200 r/min, diversion hole-exit diameter 2-2.5 mm and colliding tooth angle 30°-40°, and under these conditions the corresponding atomization efficiency tops to 95%. Then, the atomization situation under the optimal parameters is held from the aspect of simulation internal flow field and the results of droplet size(30-80 μm) are got, which indicates that the conclusion on the optimized parameters of dust controller is reasonable. The collecting efficiencies of different dust concentrations are determined, ranging from 85% to 98.4%, which shows that the designed dust controller can obtain a good atomizing effect and achieve well dustfall efficiency for the wetting dust control of coal mine.

Heat Transfer Optimization in Air Flat Plate Solar Collectors Integrated with Baffles

This paper presents an experimental analysis for comparisons of conventional flat plate solar collectors and collectors integrated with different numbers of baffles. Heat transfer between absorber plate and drying fluid (air) has been one of the major challenges in the design and operations of the indirect solar dryer systems. In this experiment, efficiency of air flat plate solar collector integrated with 2, 3, 4 and 8 baffles was studied and compared with the ordinary collector. The results showed that integrating solar collector with baffles significantly increased the efficiency of the system. It was noted that collector with 2, 3, 4 and 8 baffles had a mean efficiency of 29.2%, 31.3%, 33.1% and 33.7% respectively while with no baffles was 28.9%. The analysis showed that when there were less than four baffles in the collector, heat transfer was dominant over pressure drop and hence high efficiency. However, when the number of baffles exceeded four, the effect associated with an increase in pressure drop highly observed compared to heat transfer coefficient, thus resulted to insignificant increase in efficiency. Therefore, the optimum number of four baffles was commended for the designed model for optimum efficiency.

Thermal performance of integration of solar collectors and building envelopes

The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studied in winter and summer,and compared to envelopes without solar collectors. The results show that the solar collection efficiency is raised in the integration of building envelopes and solar collectors with the air layer doors closed. This is true whether in winter or summer. The increment is higher as the inlet water temperature increases or the ambient temperature is low. In winter,the heat loss is significantly reduced through integration of the building envelopes and solar collectors with the closed air layer doors. The integration with the open air layer door is worse than that without collectors. In summer,the heat gains of the integration of envelopes and solar collectors are more obviously reduced than envelopes without collectors,the integration with the open air layer door is a little better than the closed one,but the difference is very small.

Numerical Investigation and Optimization of a Flat Plate Solar Collector Operating with Cu/CuO/Al_(2)O_(3)–Water Nanofluids

Nanofluids are a potential alternative to significantly improving the performance of heat transfer applications. In this work, a numerical analysis to examine the eff ect of dispersing copper(Cu), copper oxide(CuO), and aluminum(Al2O3) nanoparticles in pure water on the performance of a flat plate solar collector(FPSC) and a numerical model was proposed. The influence of the nanofluid type on the thermal efficiency was critically investigated and discussed. The eff ect of the mass flow rate on the performance was also analyzed and discussed. Based on correlations of the thermophysical properties of nanofluids, a sensitivity analysis was used to analyze the impact of the nanoparticles on the base fluid. The results indicate that the performance of the FPSC with Cu/water nanofluid was better than that of FPSCs using CuO/water or Al2O3/water nanofluids. When the mass flow rate of the nanofluids was 8.0 L/min, the efficiency of the FPSC was much greater than those at the flow rates of 5.0 L/min and 2.0 L/min. Mean enhancements in thermal efficiency of 4.44%, 4.27%, and 4.21% were observed when 2.0 L/min was applied using Cu/water, Cu O/water, and Al2O3/water nanofluids, respectively. Improvements in thermal efficiency of 2.76%, 2.53%, and 2.47% occurred when 8.0 L/min was applied.

Efficiency enhancement of building multi-layer solar collector with SiO2–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids

Due to the depletion of conventional energy sources and its limitless resources,solar energy is currently being considered as a viable alternative,especially for water heating systems.The thermal performance of multilayer solar collectors for water heating systems can be improved further by introducing hybrid nanofluids as advanced fluids.This study demonstrates the utilisation of hybrid nanofluids in heating systems by employing a multilayer absorber solar collector.The SiO2–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids at volume concentrations up to 2.0%were tested at various flow rates(1.7 to 3.7 LPM)and solar radiation intensities(250 to 1000 W/m2).The thermal performance of the solar collector was assessed by measuring the temperature variation,heat loss,and overall efficiency of the collector.At the optimal volume concentration,the temperature difference for solar collectors employing SiO2–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids increased significantly.The optimal volume concentration of 1.5%yields a maximum temperature difference of 9.5°C.In addition,the efficiency and fluid temperature of the solar collector containing hybrid nanofluids have been enhanced by 22%and 37%,respectively.The SiO2–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids with the optimal volume concentration of 1.5%were therefore recommended for maximum efficiency in the solar collector.

Design and Analysis of Parabolic Trough Solar Water Heating System

Renewable energy technology is one of the prospective sources which can meet the energy demand and can contribute to achieve sustainable development goals.Concentrated collectors are widely used in solar thermal power generation and water heating system also.It is very popular due to its high thermal efficiency,simple construction requirements and low manufacturing cost.This paper is concerned with an experimental study of parabolic trough collector for water heating technology.It focuses on the performance of concentrating solar collector by changing the reflector materials(aluminum sheet,aluminum foil and mirror film).In Bangladesh,it is possible to use low cost solar concentrating technologies for domestic as well as industrial process heat applications.The line focusing parabolic trough collectors have been designed,developed and evaluated its performance by collecting solar radiation,inlet and outlet water temperature,flow rate,efficiency etc.

Status of Selective Emitters for p-Type c-Si Solar Cells

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have the lion share in world PV market. Solar cells made from crystalline silicon have lower conversion efficiency, hence optimization of each process steps are very important. Achieving low-cost photovoltaic energy in the coming years will depend on the development of third-generation solar cells. Given the trend towards these Si materials, the most promising selective emitter methods are identified to date. Current industrial monocrystalline Cz Si solar cells based on screen-printing technology for contact formation and homogeneous emitter have an efficiency potential of around 18.4%. Limitations at the rear side by the fully covering Al-BSF can be changed by selective emitter designs allowing a decoupling and separate optimization of the metallised and non-metallised areas. Several selective emitter concepts that are already in industrial mass production or close to it are presented, and their specialties and status concerning cell performance are demonstrated. Key issues that are considered here are the cost-effectiveness, added complexity, additional benefits, reliability and efficiency potential of each selective emitter tech- niques.

Using the Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis to Optimize the Performance of a Solar Air Heater

Solar energy is regarded as one of the promising renewable energy sources in the world.The main aim of this study is to use the Taguchi-Grey relational grade analysis to optimize the performance of two Solar Air Heaters(SAHs).A typical Grey–Taguchi method was applied.The Orthogonal Array,Signal-to-Noise ratio,Grey Relational Grade,and Analysis of Variance were employed to investigate the performance characteristics of SAH.Experimental observations were made in agreement with Jordanian climate 32°00′N latitude and 36°00′E longitude with a solar intensity of 500 W\m^(2).The operating factors selected for optimization are the tilt angle(T)with three levels(0°,22°,45°),inlet velocity(V)with two levels(1.2,1.8 m/s),and absorber plate material(M)with two levels(Aluminum,wood).In this study,the Grey–Taguchi approach is validated by performing 12 individual experiments.The results show that the process factors sequence required for a maximum SAH efficiency(SAHµ)is V>T>M.Using this approach,we combined the Orthogonal Array design with Grey Relational Analysis.As a result of that,the level of each operating conditions which optimizes both process responses(Temperature difference,ΔT and Solar air heater efficiency,SAHµ)can be specified with a minimum number of tests compared with classic Grey Relational Analysis.The optimal operating conditions of a SAH for multiple performance characteristics are determined as T2,M2,and V2,respectively,which are in congruence with the experimental results.

Assessment of High Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector in Hot Climate

This work investigates the performance of combined hybrid high concentrated photovoltaic/thermal collector (HCPV/T) in Kuwait harsh climate. The proposed system consists of triple junction solar cells (InGaP/InGaAs/Ge) attached to heat source to discharge thermal energy to cooling media. Published HCPV/T models do not consider the effect of shunt resistance which greatly affects the system performance. So, a single diode model employing five parameters including the effect of shunt resistance is adapted to analyze the proposed system. To analyze the thermal performance of the proposed system, a two-dimensional thermal model based on the technique of finite difference is introduced to determine the efficiency of the hybrid HCPV/T system. The present developed subroutines are integrated with other involved codes in TRNSYS software to calculate HCPV/T system efficiency. Electrical and thermal as well as the whole system efficiency at different weather circumstances are evaluated and assessed. The effect of different weather conditions, cell temperature, concentration ratio and the temperatures of the coolant fluid on system performance are studied. Current results indicate that the model of single diode is a reliable one rather than using the two-diode complex model. Compared to measurements provided by high concentrated PV manufacturer, the current results revealed a total root mean square error of approximately 1.94%. Present predictions show that PV cell temperature has logarithmic increase with the rise in concentration ratio but with low values till concentration ratio of 400 suns after that the rise is faster at higher concentration values up to 1500 suns. Results also revealed that hybrid HCPV/T system works effectively specially in severe hot climate where thermal efficiency increases with high surrounding temperature for higher values of concentration ratio. In addition, an increase of approximately 15% in thermal efficiency and 10% in total efficiency can be achieved by utilizing active cooling device in HCPV/T system.

TiO_(2)/CuFeMnO_(4)涂覆织构平板集热器光热转换效率研究

以TiO_(2)/CuFeMnO_(4)吸收材料为研究重点,对涂覆吸收材料的铝板表面进行织构处理,从而进一步提高光的吸收率。用涂有TiO_(2)/CuFeMnO_(4)吸收材料的织构与非织构表面铝板制作平板太阳能集热器。选择TiO_(2)作为光谱选择性吸收涂料CuFeMnO_(4)的黏结剂。通过一种简单、廉价的浸涂方法,将TiO_(2)/CuFeMnO_(4)吸收材料涂在集热器铝板上。对铝板进行表面电化学织构处理,通过测量太阳辐射照度及流体进口、流体出口和环境温度,对该集热器的热效率进行测量。用数学方法计算集热器的稳态瞬时效率,发现与未进行表面织构处理的集热器相比,表面织构处理的集热器稳态瞬时效率更高。

结构形状对太阳能烟囱系统热特性的影响研究

不同太阳能烟囱(SC)形状对系统集热特性影响不同。建立10°圆形SC数值模拟模型和试验台架,将系统数值模拟与试验测试结果对比验证,二者相对误差值小于4%,数值模拟方法正确;采用相同的数值模拟方法对0°圆形、0°方形和10°方形SC模型进行计算,将不同系统计算结果进行对比。结果表明:不同系统结构蓄热层表面温度场均匀性和受烟囱阴影影响不同,10°方形蓄热层表面温度场受烟囱阴影影响最小;对比烟囱内流体速度,10°方形具有更高速度梯度,更有利于确定涡轮机的位置;不同系统烟囱内部流体总焓差不同,10°方形SC系统总焓差较大;相比于0°圆形SC系统,其他3个SC系统的集热效率分别提高了11.328%、43.705%和66.061%,质量流量提升了59.36%、8.39%和39.04%。

基于三角形腔体的菲涅尔线聚焦集热系统研究

该文设计一种基于三角形腔体的菲涅尔线聚焦集热系统,通过搭建测试平台,在实际天气条件下测试腔体有无盖板、腔体内铜管表面有无覆盖黑漆和太阳直射辐照度等因素对腔体出口温度及系统集热效率的影响。研究结果表明:光洁铜管腔体增加盖板后,集热效率由22.10%增加至25.82%;而黑漆铜管腔体增加盖板后,系统集热效率由30.40%下降至29.50%。光洁铜管表面覆盖黑漆后,腔体无盖板情况下的系统集热效率由21.94%增加至34.57%;腔体有盖板情况下的系统集热效率由25.26%增加至29.91%。太阳直射辐照度对腔体出口温度波动影响显著,但对系统集热效率的影响不明显。

Theoretical and experimental research on effect of fins attachment on operating parameters and thermal efficiency of solar air collector

Flat plate air collector is a type of heat exchanger which absorbs radiated solar energy and exchanges it to heat.According to low efficiency of this type of collectors,a suitable approach is investigated in this paper so as to increase thermal performance of the system.Thermal efficiency of solar collector for two models C1(without fins)and C2(with fins)both of 1 m^2 surface area with forced convection flow is studied theoretically and experimentally.Rectangular fins are attached over back board in air channel to create turbulence in air flow.In order to measure air temperature,17 thermal sensors(LM35)are exploited,among which 11 were mounted on absorber plate and the remaining 6 on the back board.Physical design of experimental model are performed in Solidwork and programming of theoretical work in Matlab software.In this research,a fan with constant mass flow rate of 0.033 kg/s is utilized for producing air flow.Results indicate that applying fins in air channel not only reduces Nusselt number from 19.67 to 16.23,but also due to decreasing hydraulic diameter and creating air flow turbulence,causes increase of heat transfer coefficient from absorber plate to air flow and consequently reduction of total heat loss and higher outlet air temperatures.Average difference of outlet air temperature between experimental and theoretical results for both collectors(C1 and C2)was recorded respectively as 7.6% and 9.4%.Thermal efficiency was respectively calculated 30% and 51% for experimental types with and without fins and 33% and 55% for those of theoretical work which generally seem reasonable.

新型CPC热管式真空管集热器设计与性能分析

基于复合抛物面集热器(CPC)型集热器的发展现状,设计出新型CPC热管式真空管集热器。介绍了该集热器的聚光面和接收器的结构设计及计算过程,在对新型CPC热管式真空管集热器进行集热分析后,得出其瞬时效率方程。与传统肋片型CPC热管式真空管集热器相比,新型CPC热管式真空管集热器效率高,加工工艺简单,成本较低。

跟踪式CPC热管真空管集热器聚光及集热特性

将曲柄连杆单轴跟踪技术与CPC（复合抛物面聚光器）热管真空管太阳集热器集成，研制一套聚光比为2．3的跟踪式CPC集热器。基于TracePro光学软件模拟其跟踪模式下的聚光行为，并对不同跟踪模式下的集热特性进行实验研究。模拟得到横向投影角θ。是影响CPC集热器光学性能的主要因素，0．为-23．5°-23．5°时，入射角修正因子（IAM）达到0．95～1．14；跟踪可有效缩小θ，将光学效率提高30％以上；采用三点式间歇跟踪即可获得高于60％的光学效率。实测集热效率分布和光学效率模拟值趋势一致，系统跟踪时高效集热时间为固定式的2．7倍，平均集热效率达到固定式的2．1倍。集热效率归一化线性良好，效率截距为52％，和光学效率模拟值偏差小于12％，佐证了模拟分析结果。

Cu-H_2O纳米流体平板太阳集热器集热性能研究

采用两步法配制Cu-H2O纳米流体,对不同质量分数、粒径的Cu-H2O纳米流体和水作为平板太阳热水器的集热工质,测试其导热系数,并在相同太阳辐照下进行集热性能实验,研究平板集热器的集热效率、水箱中的水温与得热量。实验结果表明:纳米流体可明显提高水的导热性能。粒径为25 nm,质量分数为0.10%的Cu-H2O纳米流体集热效率比水的提高了23.83%,质量分数为0.20%的Cu-H2O纳米流体的集热效率反而低于0.10%的。粒径为50 nm的Cu-H2O纳米流体集热效率低于粒径为25 nm的。粒径为25 nm、质量分数为0.10%的纳米流体循环系统中最高水温与最高得热量相对于水作为工质分别提高了12.24%和24.52%。

新型槽式太阳能真空吸热管设计方法及其光学性能研究

针对传统槽式太阳能集热系统工质运行温度受限,以及真空吸热管表面能流密度分布不均而引起的热应力过大等问题,文章在不改变聚光器结构的条件下,提出了一种新型的槽式太阳能真空吸热管的设计方法,通过减小金属内管直径、下移金属内管位置以及在金属内管上方加装双曲线型二次聚光器来提高太阳能聚光比,改善了金属吸热管表面能流密度分布。利用仿真计算方法研究了新型槽式太阳能真空吸热管的光学性能,结果表明:和传统槽式太阳能真空吸热管相比,该新型结构在仅损失1.88%光学效率的情况下将聚光比从62 kW/m^(2)提升至71 kW/m^(2);能流密度分布均匀度改善了55.05%,提升了聚光-吸热系统的整体性能。

交叉V型吸热板-底板太阳能空气集热器热性能的数值模拟

应用太阳载荷模型,利用FLUENT软件对九个交叉V型吸热板-底板太阳能空气集热器进行了数值模拟,得到集热器的热效率、出口温度、热损和吸热板温度,并对其进行了对比分析,发现集热器的热效率随着空气流道高度的增大而减小,热损失、吸热板温度和出口温度随着空气流道高度的增大而增大,最大效率为34.60%,最高出口温度为355.13 K.

基于TRNSYS的太阳能-电能互补采暖系统研究

针对我国北方农村地区冬季采暖污染严重、碳排放量大等问题,文章以沈阳市某地区典型农村单体式住宅为研究对象,综合考虑太阳能、电能,提出2套清洁供暖方案。首先对太阳能集热器的集热倾角和面积的选择进行优化,然后选取沈阳市供暖季温度较低的2天,根据天气情况分别作为晴天与阴天典型日,最后利用TRNSYS软件对供暖方案在典型日天气条件下模拟运行。结果表明在典型日天气条件下本研究提出的2种供暖方案均满足环保、室内温度适宜等采暖需求,且太阳能集热器+变频电磁采暖炉供暖方案更为节能。