Research on Solar Water Heating System and Architectural Integration Design—A Case Study of Anqing Children Welfare Home

Taking the planning and major architectural design projects of Anqing Children Welfare Home for example,through the research on categories and each component of solar water heating system,the paper discussed strategies and methods to realize solar energy and architectural integration design in the climate condition and location environment of Anhui Province.

Thermal performance of integration of solar collectors and building envelopes

The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studied in winter and summer,and compared to envelopes without solar collectors. The results show that the solar collection efficiency is raised in the integration of building envelopes and solar collectors with the air layer doors closed. This is true whether in winter or summer. The increment is higher as the inlet water temperature increases or the ambient temperature is low. In winter,the heat loss is significantly reduced through integration of the building envelopes and solar collectors with the closed air layer doors. The integration with the open air layer door is worse than that without collectors. In summer,the heat gains of the integration of envelopes and solar collectors are more obviously reduced than envelopes without collectors,the integration with the open air layer door is a little better than the closed one,but the difference is very small.

Effect of Periodic Variation of Sol-air Temperature on the Performance of Integrated Solar Collector Storage System

Parametric study is carried out in the present article to investigate the unsteady performance of solar energy gain and heat retention of two different integrated-collector-storage systems. The systems are the conventional rectangular-shaped storage tank and the modified tank shaped as rectangular cuboid with one semi -circular top. The two systems have the same absorber surface area and volume for water. The heat and fluid flow is assumed to be unsteady, two-dimensional, laminar and incompressible. The performances of the two systems are evaluated based on the maximum temperature in the system during daytime heating period and nighttime cooling period. For comprehensive study, 24 hours simulations for 3 cases with different wall boundary condition impose on the absorber plate are investigated. The simulation results show that the modified system has better heat retain than the conventional system. Periodic variations of both systems are investigated, and it is found that both systems show consistent results on different days. The modified system is able to store most of the thermal energy in the semi-circular top region with higher temperature than that of the conventional system.

A numerical and experimental study of a dual-function solar collector integrated with building in passive space heating mode

A newly designed solar collector named dual-function solar collector is proposed.The dual-function solar collector integrated with building can perform in two different modes:working as a passive space heating collector in cold sunny days such as in winter,or working as a facade water heating collector in hot days such as in summer.An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the performance of the novel system in space heating mode,whilst,the dynamic numerical model has been established and validated.The experimental and numerical results show that during the period of the measurement from 9:00 to 17:00,the mean indoor temperature was up to 24.7°C while the mean ambient temperature was only 4.8°C,and a temperature stratification was present in the room.Moreover,a numerical study on the effect of optical property of coatings has been carried out.

考虑含HRD的光热电站和综合需求响应的综合能源系统低碳经济调度

在“双碳”的背景下,为进一步提升综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System, IES)的经济性和环境效益,文中提出一种在奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制下考虑含热回收装置(Heat Recycling Device, HRD)的光热电站和综合需求响应的IES系统低碳经济调度方法。首先,在源侧构建含热回收装置的光热电站与加装碳捕集的热电联产机组联合运行的IES架构,并分析电转气两阶段的运行原理,建立计及余热回收的电转气设备模型。其次,考虑到负荷侧电、热、气三种负荷的柔性特性,在负荷侧建立电热气综合需求响应模型。最后,引入奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制,进一步减小系统碳排放量,构建调度周期内以含购能成本、运维成本、碳交易成本等系统总运行成本最小为目标的综合能源系统低碳优化调度模型。通过算例分析结果表明,所提方法不仅能提高机组的运行潜力,而且有效降低了系统总运行成本与碳排放量。

考虑光热电站和柔性负荷的电氢热综合能源系统联合优化运行

为解决现有综合能源系统运行灵活性差及风、光消纳难的问题,同时充分利用氢能实现碳减排目标,本文提出一种考虑光热电站和柔性负荷的电氢热综合能源系统联合优化运行方法。首先,基于光热电站和含电转氢余热利用的氢能系统模型构建电氢热综合能源系统。其次,考虑需求侧电氢热柔性负荷的特征和调节价值,构建含可平移、可转移、可削减负荷的电氢热柔性负荷模型。然后,进一步构建考虑电氢热柔性负荷调节特性的电氢热综合能源系统联合优化运行模型。最后,通过算例仿真验证所提方法能够兼顾经济运行与低碳效果,不仅可以提高光热电站与氢能系统的联合运行能力,而且能够有效提升系统运行的经济性和低碳性,电、氢、热负荷峰谷差分别降低6.68%、11.95%、8.35%,系统运行总成本降低24.4%。

建筑领域太阳能利用系统的性能、挑战及优化策略综述

建筑领域的太阳能利用技术包括太阳能热水系统、太阳能制冷与空调系统、太阳能热泵系统以及建筑一体化光伏/热系统(BIPV/T)。系统效率和储热是制约太阳能热水系统发展的关键因素,目前的研究主要侧重于优化系统效率,未来应进一步关注储热技术的进步,以解决太阳能热水系统热水供应稳定性的问题。太阳能制冷与空调系统重点关注降低太阳能集热系统成本、提高集热器性能并研发小型太阳能制冷设备。太阳能热泵技术具有高能源利用率和低环境污染的特点,目前在实际应用中面临的技术障碍包括系统集成与优化、高效太阳能收集器、热泵性能提升、季节性储能、可靠性与稳定性以及经济性与可扩展性等,其中系统集成与优化尤为关键。太阳能光伏光热综合应用是建筑节能领域的一个重要研究方向,太阳能聚光光伏/光热系统(CPV/T)是解决BIPV/T系统中太阳能利用率低下问题的有效策略。BIPV/T和CPV/T系统还需要深入探讨集热器优化设计、材料选择、气候适应性及可持续性等问题。总之,未来建筑领域太阳能系统利用的主要研究方向为提高系统性能、开发新型材料以及集成优化。此外,应用物联网、大数据和人工智能技术可以促进太阳能系统的智能化监测、控制和维护。

太阳能供暖用蓄热-散热复合型睡床热特性研究

为了研究太阳能在蓄热和建筑供暖方面的应用,设计了一种新型的集蓄热与散热于一体的复合型睡床,其特征是在床下设置蓄热水箱并在水箱上表面与床板之间设置可启闭的水平空气层。对复合型睡床进行动态热特性和影响因素研究。结果显示:(1)基本条件下(水箱尺寸长为2 m、宽为1.2 m、高为0.3 m,水箱表面温度35℃,床板与水箱之间的水平空气层厚度为20 mm),睡床总散热量为289.8 W,其中水箱上表面散热占比47.6%,侧面散热占比52.4%。床板上表面温度为21.1℃;(2)睡床总散热量随着水平空气层厚度的增加而增加,床板上表面温度随着水平空气层厚度的增加而降低,水平空气层厚度由20 mm升至50 mm时,总散热量增加了36.0%,床板上表面温度降低了2.1℃;(3)睡床总散热量与床板上表面温度均随着水箱表面发射率的增加而增加,水箱表面发射率由0.3升至0.9时,总散热量增加了30.5%,床板上表面温度提高了0.8℃。

源荷置信度水平下光伏光热耦合热电联产系统的调度优化

为提升近用户侧太阳能安装容量,促进太阳能光伏与光热的消纳,提出一种光伏光热耦合的热电联产系统,构建基于能源销售商—用户—系统的主从博弈理论,优化不同置信度水平下用户侧和系统侧的热电平衡关系。案例分析结果显示,使用主从博弈策略达到博弈均衡后,在置信度为0.9的工况下,需求响应后用户侧在高电价时段的用电需求平均减少763 kWh,而在低电价时段用电需求平均增加564 kWh。其中,燃气轮机在09:00时输出最大电能为2.2 MWh,光伏组件在14:00时输出最大电能为2.4 MWh,用户侧的用热需求实现31.6%的削减。通过引导系统侧的设备出力及用户侧的用能需求,系统侧产能更合理,用户侧用能更经济,各参与方均能实现自身利润的最大化。

Recent Developments in Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Power Plants

Global concern for depleting fossil fuel reserves have been compelling for evolving power generation options using renewable energy sources. The solar energy happens to be a potential source for running the power plants among renewable energy sources. Integrated Solar Combined Cycle(ISCC) power plants have gained popularity among the thermal power plants. Traditional ISCC power plants use Direct Steam Generation(DSG) approach. However, with the DSG method, the ISCC plant’s overall thermal efficiency does not increase significantly due to variations in the availability of solar energy. Thermal Energy Storage(TES) systems when integrated into the solar cycle can address such issues related to energy efficiency, process flexibility, reducing intermittency during non-solar hours. This review work focuses and discusses the developments in various components of the ISCC system including its major cycles and related parameters. The main focus is on CSP technologies, Heat Transfer Fluid(HTF), and Phase Change Material(PCM) used for thermal energy storage. Further, study includes heat enhancement methods with HTF and latent heat storage system. This study will be beneficial to the power plant professionals intending to modify the solar-based Combined Cycle Power Plant(CCPP) and to retrofit the existing Natural Gas Combined Cycle(NGCC) plant with the advanced solar cycle.

Effect of a dual-function solar collector integrated with building on the cooling load of building in summer

As a building integrated solar thermal system,the dual-function solar collector integrated with building works for passive space heating in cold winter season,and for water heating in warm seasons.In this paper,the study is made on the dual-function solar collector integrated with building when it works in water heating mode with natural circulation.The coupled model of the collector and building's environment is established and validated.A numerical simulation is achieved to show the thermal effect of the novel system on the building in summer.By comparing with the cooling loads of the rooms with or without the novel collector in summer,the results show that when in summer,the novel solar system is available for serving hot water,and it does not have the summer overheating problem,and can even improve the thermal environment of its building slightly.

太阳能+空气能一体化热泵室外侧换热器气流组织及换热性能研究

常规空气源热泵在制热运行中,由于室外侧换热器冷风回流和迎面风速不均匀性过大,会导致换热性能恶化。为了解决这些问题,文章调整室外侧换热器结构并利用太阳辐射能量,提出了一种适用于公共建筑的新型太阳能+空气能一体化热泵室外机方案;建立了室外侧换热器数学模型,对常规空气源热泵室外侧换热器的气流组织及换热性能进行仿真分析,并通过实验验证模型的正确性;构建了涂敷太阳能吸收膜的单倒型和双倒型两种新型室外侧换热器结构,并对其气流组织及换热性能进行模拟研究。结果表明:单倒型和双倒型结构均能改善换热器迎面风速不均匀现象,其中双倒型结构改善效果更为明显,其外侧换热器和内侧换热器迎面风速不均匀度与常规空气源热泵室外侧换热器相比分别降低了46%和83%;在换热器面积、风机型号和数量相同的情况下,双倒型结构换热器空气侧换热量比单倒型结构提高了5.4%。该研究可提高热泵换热器换热效率,降低系统能耗,为太阳能耦合空气能一体化热泵相关研究提供理论支撑。

集热器构件化——太阳能与建筑一体化设计的必由之路

针对目前市场上太阳能系统在建筑上的不和谐安装造成建筑“毁容”,以致城市面貌的损坏,提出太阳能要与建筑融合必须走太阳能装置构件化的理念。希望通过太阳能企业与建筑界携手创造,使太阳能系统的利用在建筑上有和谐的崭新的面貌出现。文章突出建筑与太阳能的融合理念,分析太阳能装置建筑构件化、装配式安装设计的优秀实例并以为借鉴,做相应的集热器建筑构件化设计方案进行初步尝试,对太阳能与建筑一体化设计所涉及的问题以及解决的办法做初步探讨。

黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板集热系统的应用研究

研发了一种与建筑一体化的新型高效平板太阳能集热体黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板。该集热体以普通瓷土为原料配制泥浆注浆成型,表面喷涂以工业废弃物提钒尾渣为原料调配的钒钛黑瓷泥浆层,干燥后经连续辊道窑1 200℃烧制而成,阳光吸收比为0.95。介绍了陶瓷太阳板房顶集热系统的构建方法,该系统与建筑共用结构层、保温层、防水层,与建筑一体化、同寿命,隔热、保温效果优于普通房顶。通过建筑实例对该集热系统的集热效率与真空玻璃管热水器进行测试对比,得出集热系统日得热量为8.6 MJ/m2,远高于真空玻璃管热水器和国家标准的7.0 MJ/m2,可实现太阳能使用成本低于常规能源。

一种新型的与建筑一体化太阳能双效集热器系统的实验研究

提出了一种新型的与建筑一体化太阳能双效集热器系统,该系统有两种工作模式:被动采暖工作模式和集热水工作模式。由系统工作在被动采暖工作模式下的实验结果可以得到:系统房间内空气存在温度分层现象,测试期间上下位置最大温差为4.2℃,平均温差约为2.7℃;系统在被动采暖工作模式下工作时对房间温度的提高作用明显,实验测试结果显示,实验期间系统房间平均温度达到24.7℃,相对环境温度升高平均达到19.9℃。通过系统以自然循环方式工作在集热水工作模式下的实验测试结果,可以得到实验期间在集热水工作模式下系统的热效率为52.8%,集热器单位面积太阳得热为4.16MJ/m^2。

太阳能空气集热建筑模块冬季热性能优化实验研究

以建筑集成的太阳能空气集热建筑模块为研究对象,利用与实际住宅等大的实验平台,针对不同的集热板形式和空气流动方式对集热建筑模块热性能的影响进行了实验研究。重点讨论了开孔平板型、开孔孔径大小以及设置空气间层分隔板等对改善集热建筑模块热性能的影响。实验结果表明,开孔平板型较实心平板型的热性能得到明显的改善,孔径优化后(孔径为5mm、孔间距为15mm)的热效率可提高30%以上;另外,设置空气间层分隔板相对于小孔径(d=5mm)而言,采用大孔径(d=10mm)时出风口升温效果更明显。

太阳能热泵系统综合实验台的研制

针对热能动力工程专业和建筑环境与设备工程专业的实验教学和科研的需要,设计开发了一套太阳能热泵系统综合实验平台。平台主要由变频压缩机、太阳能集热器、风冷换热器、蓄热水箱、电子膨胀阀、热工检测及控制系统等组成。实验系统综合利用太阳能和空气中的热量作为低温热源,通过控制四通换向阀和电磁阀,它可以实现供热模式和制冷模式的转换。平台采用了温度、压力、流量、太阳辐射强度等热物理参数实时监控的PLC监控系统方案,能够实现系统工况参数的自动检测、监控与存储,从而实现对被控量的智能控制。平台合理地将太阳能热泵系统所涉及的工质流量测试、集热器热力性能测定和系统热力系数测定等实验内容融合,同时还可以开出一系列综合性、研究性实验内容,形成实验教学与科研项目的互动平台,满足专业教学的需要。

光电—光热区域综合能源系统太阳能消纳能力评估模型

合理评估太阳能消纳能力是支撑构建绿色、低碳、清洁的能源体系的重要环节。针对光电-光热区域综合能源系统太阳能消纳问题,提出了一种可充分考虑光照强度不确定性和系统安全运行约束的太阳能消纳能力鲁棒评估模型。首先,基于热力学第一定律构建了消纳能力评估指标;进而利用配电网二阶锥模型及线性热网能量流模型构建了两阶段鲁棒评估模型,提升了模型的可解性。最后,通过典型算例验证了太阳能综合利用可提高其消纳能力,并对光照强度波动、电网损耗、热电联产(CHP)机组类型、不确定度等因素对消纳能力的影响进行了分析。

一体化太阳能热泵热水器实验研究

提出一种新型的集热/蓄能/蒸发一体化太阳能热泵热水器系统,并分析该系统的工作原理,搭建此系统的实验测试装置。在实验测试的基础上,定义一体化太阳能热泵热水器系统的得热效率并与直膨式太阳能热泵系统进行比较;分析系统不同工况下的性能系数。实验研究表明:集热/蓄能/蒸发一体化太阳能热泵热水器系统集热/蓄能/蒸发器的得热效率高于直膨式太阳能热泵热水器的得热效率;集热/蓄能/蒸发一体化太阳能热泵热水器系统的性能系数COP平均值为7.56。

太阳能空气集热建筑模块的运行控制策略

该研究利用可调控的风机和风门,对两种类型集热模块的热输送过程进行了优化实验研究,系统探讨了在供热模式下空气循环方式、模块类型以及质量流率等因素对模块内部空气升温速度、供热量及集热效率等的影响,并提出集热模块运行控制的基本策略。同时通过对模块的简化计算模型进行理论分析,提出了集热模块的运行控制参数方程,为实现模块运行的优化控制提供理论依据。