Demonstration of Pilot Scale Large Aperture Parabolic Trough Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Thermal Power Plant in Louisiana

During the calendar year of 2012 the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in conjunction with CLECO Power LLC (CLECO) has constructed and commissioned a pilot scale parabolic trough solar thermal power plant for the first time in Louisiana. The large aperture trough (LAT) solar collectors were provided by Gossamer Space Frames and are coupled with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power block provided by ElectraTherm, Inc. for study of the feasibility of cost-effective commercial scale solar thermal power production in Louisiana. Supported by CLECO and providing power to the existing CLECO grid, the implementation of state-of-the-industry collector frames, mirrors, trackers, and ORC power block is studied under various local weather conditions which present varied operating regimes from existing solar thermal installations. The solar collectors provide a design output of 650 kWth and preliminary actual performance data from the system level is presented. The optimal size, configuration and location for such a plant in the given solar resource region are being studied in conjunction with CLECO’s search for optimal renewable energy solutions for the region. The pilot scale size of the facility and implementation of the simpler ORC allow remote operation of the facility and flexibility in operating parameters for optimization studies. The construction of the facility was supported by the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Department of Energy, and CLECO. The continued operation of the plant is supported by CLECO Power LLC and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

Proposal of a Solar Thermal Power Plant at Low Temperature Using Solar Thermal Collectors

To this day, only two types of solar power plants have been proposed and built: high temperature thermal solar one and photovoltaic one. It is here proposed a new type of solar thermal plant using glass-top flat surface solar collectors, so working at low temperature (i.e., below 100°C). This power plant is aimed at warm countries, i.e., the ones mainly located between -40° and 40° latitude, having available space along their coast. This land based plant, to install on the seashore, is technologically similar to the one used for OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). This plant, apart from supplying electricity with a much better thermodynamic efficiency than OTEC plants, has the main advantage of providing desalinated water for drinking and irrigation. This plant is designed to generate electricity (and desalinated water) night and day and all year round, by means of hot water storage, with just a variation of the power delivered depending on the season.

Potential Map for the Installation of Concentrated Solar Power in Northeast of Brazil Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Brazil has a predominantly renewable energy matrix, with large participation of water resource in domestic supply of energy. Data from 2019 National Energy Balance show that renewable sources (water, biomass, wind and solar photovoltaic) together represented 83% of domestic electric supply in 2018, where the remaining percentage (16.7%) represented non-renewable sources. The generation of electricity through thermal solar technology was not representative. However, it is known that Brazil presents high potential for the installation of solar thermal plants, especially in the Northeastern Region, where direct normal solar irradiation values are high. It is observed that the (high) costs of the projects associated to the absence of a specific incentive program make Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants installation more and more time consuming. As a way to contribute to the insertion of solar thermal energy in Brazil, this article presents a methodology for the location of parabolic trough solar thermal plants of 80 MW for the State of Bahia, located in the Northeastern Region of Brazil. Such methodology was based on the application the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Geoprocessing Technologies to define potentially available sites for the implementation of the projects. For the analysis, parameters related to energy production in the solar power plant, electric, roadways and water infrastructure of the plant were taken into account, as well as the occupation, slopes and land use. Considering the analyses performed, it was confirmed that Bahia disposes of many sites with great generation potential, especially in the western region of the State (at Barreiras), where favorable conditions were found for the development of the technology. Localities situated in other region of the State were also confirmed as suitable, however with less site availability for the insertion of plants. Methodology validations were also carried out and indicated that the model reached the proposed objective, faithfully representing the real-world simplifications that were made.

Dynamic simulation and parametric influence analysis on thermal performance of a quartz tube solid particle receiver in solar tower power plants

Due to a higher operating temperature(≥800 ℃),Solar Particle Receiver(SPR)which uses particles as the working medium is considered as one of best candidates to improve the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of concentrating solar power plants.In this paper,a quartz tube solid particle receiver model is fully developed by using the discretized lumped parameter method,in which the calculation process of particle temperature and thermal loss is clearly given.In order to improve the manipulation level of particle receiver during the operation,the dynamic characteristics of the quartz tube particle receiver are comprehensively studied by the disturbance test of selected input parameters.Besides,in order to grasp the influence rule of key parameters on the thermal performance of particle receiver,the key parameters'sensitivity analysis is also deeply studied.The results show that the particle outlet temperature can reach as high as 810 ℃ under a relatively small value of solar flux 600 kW/m^(2),but the receiver efficiency is only about 75%;Besides,the receiver efficiency shows a variation tendency that it rises first falls afterwards with the increase of incident solar flux.The validity of proposed model is verified by a heating experi-mental system with a single quartz tube,and the relative error is not more than 7.9%.The research results are beneficial for understanding the dynamic characteristics and designing the particle receiver.

槽式光热装置承压特种设备损伤模式及检验检测难点分析

本文通过对槽式光热装置的工艺流程及生产特点进行分析,识别出装置存在的典型损伤模式有机械疲劳、热疲劳、熔盐腐蚀、低分子有机酸腐蚀和碱应力腐蚀开裂等。结合槽式光热装置的运行情况和承压设备特点,发现检验检测过程中存在导热油管道长期高温运行无法停机检验检测,核心设备存在多种疲劳损伤模式检验检测要求高及安全评价难等行业难点问题,为保障光热发电领域特种设备安全,亟须加强科技攻关予以解决。

考虑REGS和可调热电比的综合能源系统优化调度

在“双碳”目标背景下,针对热电联产机组“以热定电”模式导致的弃风问题,文章提出了一种考虑可再生增强型地热系统(Regenerative Enhanced Geothermal System,REGS)和可调热电比的综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System,IES)优化调度模型。首先,构建干热岩提取循环等模型,分析了能量分配系数对于REGS作为源端的热电可调节机理;其次,研究了REGS配合光热电站和热电联产机组耦合运行机制,分析了耦合运行改善热电比的机理,并引入广义机组热电比控制模型;再次,以购能成本、运行成本、运维成本、弃风成本及碳税成本之和最小构建目标函数进行优化求解;最后,利用西北某地区实际数据进行算例分析,验证了所提模型能够提高系统经济性和风电消纳率,减少碳排放。

光热电站熔盐储罐热应力分析

基于光热电站熔盐储罐结构建立了储罐的三维计算模型,通过载荷施加及边界条件设置进行热应力耦合分析,得到不同斜温层位置储罐的热应力及位移分布情况。根据不同斜温层厚度、位置获得储罐罐壁热应力变化趋势。斜温层厚度越大,储罐罐壁热应力越小。斜温层位置由罐底上升到罐顶,罐壁热应力先增大后减小。这些结果不仅有助于深入了解储罐的工作性能和安全性,还为储罐的优化设计和改进提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导。

光-风电协同的低碳综合能源生产单元优化模型

为提升可再生能源发电并网消纳水平,协助传统燃煤电厂低碳化改造,推动电力系统低碳能源转型,以周孝信院士提出的综合能源生产单元架构为基础,建立光-风电协同的低碳综合能源生产单元优化模型,利用光热电站和风力发电为碳捕集系统稳定供能,减少碳捕集过程中消耗的燃煤资源。结果表明,与传统模型相比,光-风电协同的低碳综合能源生产单元优化模型将系统运行成本降低了9.6%,碳排放量降低了11.7%,产品收益提高了80.4%,具有良好的经济性与低碳性。

基于设备互补特性的冷热电系统优化

为提高能源系统综合性能,将地源热泵、光伏和光热等可再生能源集成于以原动机为核心的冷热电系统,并着重对系统设备的效率进行研究。基于设备能量互补特性,提出优化多个设备运行参数,分别是地源热泵供冷启动因子和供热启动因子以及原动机的启动因子来实现整个系统设备效率的提高。将控制多个设备的启动因子结合以电定热运行模式与传统以电定热运行模式进行对比分析,并以单独的地源热泵系统为参考系统,采用黑洞算法对系统进行优化。研究结果表明,与传统模式相比,控制多个启动因子模式系统具有更好的性能。与参考系统相比,耦合可再生能源的冷热电系统性能指标有了较大改善,特别是以启动因子模式运行(年能源节约率达到36.03%;年CO_(2)减排率达到53.24%;年总成本降低率达到36.85%;年综合性能达到42.04%)。

浅谈太阳能热发电厂厂区管线综合布置

通过对一些太阳能热发电厂管线综合布置工程实践和国内外有关资料的研究,分析厂区管线综合布置中重点考虑的因素,分别针对塔式和槽式太阳能热发电厂的发电区和集热场,提出主要管廊分布和规划原则,进一步阐述太阳能热发电厂厂区特有的主要管线布置和敷设的具体要求,以达到满足工艺流程、节约用地、减少项目投资、方便施工维护的目的。

塔式太阳能光热电站发电区总平面布置及优化

文章选取国外13个、国内8个已建成的塔式太阳能光热电站和近两年正在前期阶段或正在实施的6个国内项目,利用跨平台地图浏览软件进行塔式光热电站发电区总平面布置及优化研究。针对发电区呈圆形布置造成的局部空地较多的问题,采用“切一刀”的方式进行初步优化,采用“切几刀”的方式进行深度优化,使得塔式太阳能光热电站发电区平面布置更为合理、紧凑,功能分区明确,工艺流程更加顺畅,土石方量和工艺管线短截,从而达到节约用地、节省项目投资的效果。

太阳能光热电站熔盐管道及其防凝设计研究

为降低系统后续跟踪运维难度系数,确保太阳能光热发电系统安全,开展太阳能光热电站熔盐管道及其防凝设计分析研究,为后续安装、施工及运维做好铺垫,保证工程的顺利进行。介绍太阳能光热电站熔盐管道的塔式太阳能光热电站熔盐管道系统与槽式太阳能光热电站熔盐管道系统,明确高温熔融盐的介质优势,重点进行太阳能光热电站二元熔盐管道及其防凝设计的分析研究,得出太阳能光热电站二元熔盐管道保温伴热系统设计与电伴热电缆安装设计、加热功率设计、结构设计结果。

周向非均匀热流边界条件下混合熔融盐在太阳能高温吸热管内的强化换热研究

周向非均匀高密度热流引发的过热问题一直影响着太阳能热发电站中高温吸热器的运行安全,混合熔融盐作为高温传热工质的引入使得这一问题更加严峻。该文建立了混合熔融盐在太阳能高温吸热管内对流换热与强化换热数值计算模型,研究了周向非均匀热流边界条件下混合熔融盐在光滑管与强化换热管内的换热性能。结果显示:内插螺旋纽带强化换热方式对周向非均匀热流边界条件下吸热管的管壁温度和管内流体温度分布均匀性有明显改善。间隙率C与扭曲率y的减小都有助于强化换热效果的增加,特别是C=0,即内插纽带完全接触管壁时,强化传热效果最为显著,但与此同时小的间隙率与扭曲率也造成阻力系数的增大。

太阳能热发电聚光系统的研究进展

概述了太阳能热发电技术的发展状况,介绍了用于太阳能热发电的5种聚光系统,包括槽式、碟式、塔式、线性菲涅耳式以及地面接收式。详细阐述了这些聚光系统的光学结构、聚光原理以及聚光器件的设计方法和制作工艺,指出了不同聚光系统在聚光过程中的优缺点。文中的讨论可为太阳能热发电聚光系统的设计提供参考。

周向非均匀热流边界条件下太阳能高温吸热管内湍流传热特性研究

周向非均匀高密度热流引发的过热问题一直影响着太阳能热发电站中高温吸热器的运行安全。该文建立了太阳能高温吸热管对流换热电加热实验台和数值计算模型,通过实验研究和模拟计算,研究了周向非均匀热流边界条件下吸热管壁温度分布规律。研究结果显示:周向非均匀热流边界条件下吸热管壁温度分布与截面圆心角余弦呈函数关系,实验测量结果与数值计算结果吻合较好;经典Dittus-Boelter公式仍可用于计算周向非均匀热流边界条件下吸热管内的换热计算,但不适用于管壁温度分布计算。文中给出了周向非均匀热流边界条件下吸热器管壁温度计算关联式。

新型塔式太阳能热发电系统集成研究

基于我国发展塔式太阳能的实际情况和能的综合梯级利用思路,提出一种新颖的太阳能塔式热发电系统。新系统采用双级蓄热技术,分级存储不同品位的太阳能;同时具有多种运行模式,可以灵活地切换。模拟计算表明,1MW塔式太阳能热电站的峰值太阳能发电效率为10.6%,年平均发电效率为5.1%。研究表明,合理的运行模式和系统的规模化是提高太阳能热发电系统性能的关键所在。该文研究结果为我国塔式太阳能热发电提供了新的思路和方案。

基于成本最优的含储热光热电站与火电机组联合出力日前调度

含储热光热发电的优势体现为良好的出力可控性和可调度性,合理调度光热发电能够有效降低系统运行成本。以成本最优为目标,从光热电站的光电转换特性分析角度出发,在计及各项运行约束的基础上,提出含储热光热电站与火电机组联合出力调度策略。该策略综合考虑火电机组发电成本、光热发电并网消纳的环境效益和运行维护成本、系统旋转备用成本以及电网安全运行约束等因素,从而确定光热电站在既定储热容量下的最优出力调度策略。基于遗传算法,通过IEEE 30节点算例验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性。

DSG型抛物面槽式太阳能热电站热力系统实时动态仿真模型研究

采用模块化建模方法研究了无蓄热装置再循环方式直接产生蒸汽型抛物面槽式太阳能热动力发电站(solar thermal power plant using direct steam generation in parabolic trough collectors filed,DSG-PTCs-STTP)热力系统动态仿真模型。依照守恒定律和热力学、传热学、流体力学等基本关系式,在一定简化条件下,研究了抛物面槽式聚光集热系统的聚光器、预热段、蒸发段、过热段及汽水缓冲分离器的数学模型,结合其他已有的仿真模型(如流体网络、汽轮机、凝汽器、除氧器、水泵、发电励磁等过程及设备模型等),建立了完整的DSG-PTCs-STTP热力系统实时动态仿真模型。仿真试验表明所开发的仿真模型能够正确反映研究对象热力系统动态特性和全工况运行过程,模型运算稳定可靠。可用于DSG-PTCs-STTP机组实时仿真系统的开发,还可为机组运行特性研究和控制系统验证提供良好的非线性对象模型。

基于金属氢化物的太阳能热电站高温蓄热系统经济性分析

高温蓄热系统是太阳能热电站的关键子系统。基于金属氢化物的高温蓄热系统具有能量储存密度大、腐蚀性低和反应易于控制等优点,是很有发展潜力的蓄热技术。建立了金属氢化物高温蓄热系统的经济性分析模型,分析了不同类型的太阳能高温蓄热系统的成本,并计算得到了能量平均成本。初步估计,"蓄热反应器+储氢罐"金属氢化物蓄热系统的单位蓄热成本只有两熔盐罐蓄热系统的四分之一左右。大汉电站采用此种蓄热装置后,其能量平均成本降低了0.25元/kW.h。

降低火电机组调峰成本的光热电站储热容量配置方法

光热发电是大规模利用太阳能的新兴方式,其储热系统能够调节光热电站的出力特性,进而缓解光热电站并网带来的火电机组调峰问题。合理配置光热电站储热容量,能够有效降低火电机组调峰成本。该文提出一种光热电站储热容量配置方法,在对光热电站运行特性及其对电网调峰影响分析的基础上,综合考虑了火电机组向下调峰成本与储热成本对储热系统容量配置的影响。最后分别基于IEEE 30节点系统以及西北某省电网系统的仿真算例,验证了该文方法的可行性和有效性。