Mining subsidence control by solid backfilling under buildings

Solid backfilling mining can reduce the buildings' damage caused by mining greatly. The reduction of subsidence value, the slow advancing speed and the subsidence caused by backfilling body compaction are the main reasons that solid backfilling mining velocity decreases significantly. Based on the research of mechanism, some principles on subsidence control of solid backfilling mining under buildings were proposed. The equivalent mining height was designed according to the fortification criteria of buildings and their attachment structures, which enables the ground movement and deformation caused by mining to be less than the corresponding fortification criteria.

THE SOLID STATE CONTROLLED PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF NITROBENZALDEHYDE WITH INDOLE

The solid state photochemical reaction of nitrobenzaldehyde with indole was investigated. Seven hey products were identified by IR, MS,;H HMR and elemental analysis.

Dynamic Circulation Control for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine using Virtual Solidity Matching

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) with fixed pitch blades have a limited power capture performance envelope as the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) changes. Circulation Control (CC) has been proposed and simulated to possibly increase power capture of a VAWT using constant CC jet momentum, but a practical method of minimizing CC usage has yet to be explored. In addition, VAWTs are typically limited in power capture performance either by a maximum peak at a small set of TSR or wide operating TSR at fractions of the peak performance based on the design solidity. Both the reduced jet usage and solidity limitation were addressed by developing a method of dynamically using CC to perform a virtual solidity change. The developed method described within this work used CC to change blade aerodynamics to specifically match a maximum performing static solidity or wake shape at a given TSR. Simulation results using an existing aerodynamics model indicated a significant reduction in the re-quired CC jet momentum compared to a constant CC system along with control over power capture for a CC-VAWT.

Method of Precision Control of 3-D Solid Discretization Based on the Second-Order Osculating Surface

A discretization precision control method based on the second order osculating surface is proposed. The discretization precision of 3 D solid is controlled according to the error between the discrete solid surface and its second order osculating surface. The global maximal error has been gotten after analyzing all the extremums of the error function. It can be used in controlling and optimizing the discretization precision of 3 D solid in computer 3 D modeling and NC milling path generation.

Stereochemistry Control in Direct 1α-Hydroxylation of 5,6-trans-Vitamin D_(3) by Solid Support

A solid-phase synthesis of 1α-hydroxylation of 5,6-trans-vitamin D3 8 is described.The solid phase resin acts as a special protecting group, which gives a higher stereoselectivity in oxidation step than classical protecting groups. The stereochemistry control is favored by using high crosslinkage polymer support in a poor solvent. This work may be of benefit to the synthesis of vitamin D system.

Numerical simulation of mold-temperature-control solidification

A finite element method(FEM) for the numerical simulation of the columnar part of the mould-temperature-control solidification(MTCS) process was presented. The latent heat was taken into account and 3D transient heat transfer analysis was carried out by using the developed FEM software. The relative errors between the numerical and experimental data are less than 6%. Three MTCS cases were computed with this method. The first case only opens the cooling channels in the bottom of the mold. The second case individually controls the separate 7 groups of cooling channels by giving 7 control points. When the temperature of a control point reaches the preset value of 400℃, the corresponding channel will be opened. The third case opens all the cooling channels at the same time. The results indicate that in the second case, the solid-liquid interface keeps near-planar. The growth velocity of the solid-liquid interface is 0.3-0.4 mm/s, which is greater than 0.1-0.3 mm/s of the first case, performing better than the others. Thus the forming quality and efficiency part interior can be improved by mold-temperature-control and the numerical model is validated. The numerical simulation of MTCS can provide an available tool for the advanced investigation on the defect improvement and the crystal’s quality.

A novel strategy of smart manipulation by micro-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones for enhanced extreme thrust control of the next-generation solid propulsion systems

The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development and further improvement of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust. Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the solid propellants reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon. In accordance with our concept,the micro-and nano-scale structures form both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns in the solid propellants reactionary zones. Control by the shape, the sizes and spacial orientation of the wave patterns allows manipulate by the energy exchange and release in the reactionary zones. A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control in solid propulsion systems are based on manipulation by selforganization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields, generated by special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges along with resonance laser radiation. Application of special kind of the ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertia-free control by combustion processes. Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale. Suggested novel strategy opens the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the solid propulsion systems.

控制杆-强制旋转对圆柱涡激振动的抑制作用研究

为实现圆柱涡激振动的高效抑制,本文基于控制杆-强制旋转组合结构讨论圆柱涡激振动的抑制问题。对低雷诺数下的圆柱涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,对比分析不同控制杆数量和圆柱转速比下的流场特性、振动响应和流体力响应等。结果表明:与裸圆柱相比,控制杆具有一定的涡激振动抑制效果;对于三、五控制杆,通过调节转速比,可以实现最高98%的圆柱振幅抑制(对三控制杆,转速比为0.4~0.6;对五控制杆,转速比为0~0.2);圆柱振幅抑制与圆柱减阻区间相同;对于四、六控制杆,旋转对振幅抑制的影响较小;主圆柱表面的漩涡脱落和漩涡的合并会引起流体力系数的高幅波动,导致圆柱高振幅响应;没有漩涡合并和圆柱表面脱涡不明显时,流体力系数则无明显波动,圆柱振幅也显著降低。

Sliding mode control of solid state transformer using a three-level hysteresis function

The solid state transformer(SST) can be viewed as an energy router in energy internet. This work presents sliding mode control(SMC) to improve dynamic state and steady state performance of a three-stage(rectifier stage, isolated stage and inverter stage) SST for energy internet. SMC with three-level hysteresis sliding functions is presented to control the input current of rectifier stage and output voltage of inverter stage to improve the robustness under external disturbance and parametric uncertainties and reduce the switching frequency. A modified feedback linearization technique using isolated stage simplified model is presented to achieve satisfactory regulation of output voltage of the isolated stage. The system is tested for steady state operation, reactive power control, dynamic load change and voltage sag simulations, respectively. The switching model of SST is implemented in Matlab/ Simulink to verify the SST control algorithms.

船用三通调节阀流-固耦合噪声数值模拟

针对船用PN10DN32三通调节阀噪声声压频谱、声指向性等声学特性规律不明确,噪声声压级是否满足使用要求的问题,基于流-固耦合理论,同时考虑流-固耦合面及流体域内的脉动声学激励源,开展阀门噪声数值模拟研究。分别对三通调节阀在80%及60%开度阀外1 m处的噪声进行数值模拟,分析研究噪声声压频谱特性及声指向性规律。结果表明:80%及60%开度下的噪声声压级分别为49.14 dB(A)、50.79 dB(A),均小于60 dB(A)的噪声限制,满足使用要求。该文为船用三通调节阀噪声数值模拟提供了理论及方法参考。

某多金属硫化矿酸浸试验研究

对某难选多金属硫化矿浮选预处理所得精矿进行了酸浸试验研究。在浸出温度95℃、硝酸浓度9 mol/L、液固比4∶1及浸出时间2 h条件下进行酸浸试验,铜和锌浸出率分别达到了90.46%、85.34%,铅几乎没有浸出。浸出过程主要受固膜控制和化学反应混合控制。

比例式变推力固体姿控发动机非稳态特性研究

为了研究比例式变推力固体姿控发动机的内流场非稳态特性,建立了比例针栓推力器的二维轴对称计算模型,基于动网格技术模拟入口压强随喉部面积变化而变化的推力器工作模式,得到了内流场各性能参数的变化规律。结果表明:在非稳态工作过程中,内流场会出现典型的亚音速回流区、斜激波和流动分离等特征,入口压强、针栓壁面及喷管壁面压强均随针栓靠近喉部而增大,推力器推力逐渐上升,实现了推力连续调节。开关频率会加剧针栓前进过程中头部压强波动。针栓头部收敛角越大,其头部回流区越小。当喉部面积一定时,燃速压强指数越高,发动机压强与推力变化范围越大,为实现预设的推力调节范围,需要选择合适的燃速压强指数。

基于SolidWorks二次开发的三维实时运动仿真方法

针对机器人三维实时运动仿真常用方法中不能与控制系统开发平台相融合、缺乏算法支持的问题,以用于检测压力容器的检测机器人为研究对象,设计出针对该机器人的三维实时控制系统软件。此软件将控制系统与三维实时仿真平台相融合,不仅能够远程对检测机器人生成并下达控制指令,而且利用Visual C#软件对Solid Works软件二次开发后形成的三维实时仿真平台,对机器人的运动状态进行实时仿真。现场使用结果表明,使用此软件能够安全可靠地对压力容器进行检测,三维实时仿真平台能有效提高仿真的精确度,实现对检测机器人运动状态进行全方位观测。

滚动负压筛在国内油气钻井中的试验与应用

传统钻井振动筛在常压下依靠振动产生5~6g的抛掷力将钻屑从钻井液中筛分出来,钻屑含液率高,固废量大。滚动负压筛是一种基于带式真空过滤原理与微振动复合作用的钻井液固液分离装置,其钻井液的透筛主要依靠真空作用,钻屑含液率低,钻井液回收率高,固废产生量少。2014年以来,国内陆续引进部分滚动负压筛,在海洋钻井固废减量和陆地钻井钻屑减量中进行了试验和小范围的应用,但相关的试验和应用报道较少。对滚动负压筛在国内陆地钻井中进行了应用和对比试验,试验结果表明,滚动负压筛排出钻屑的体积含液率可降低到35%以下,油基泥浆时,每米进尺泥浆消耗量和固废实际产生量比传统振动筛可分别降低32.25%和51.63%,分离出的钻井液含砂量和有害固相降低,提升了钻井液的性能。滚动负压筛的应用具有较好的经济效益和环保效益,但一次性设备投入成本较高,可能影响其大面积的推广应用。

智能弹药用新型电控固体推进剂的研究进展

针对当前固体火箭发动机无法重复启停、难以实现推力可控等需求,结合固体火箭和液体火箭的优点,国内外研究机构探究了一种具有重复点火与熄火、燃烧速度可调、输出能量可控的电控固体推进剂。系统介绍了新型电控固体推进剂领域的国内外研究现状,首先,总结了国内外各类电控固体推进剂(硝酸铵基、硝酸羟胺基、高氯酸锂基)的发展,以及在微推、炮弹点火器和固体发动机方面的应用情况;其次,概述了配方组分、电压、电流、外界环境温度和压强等因素对电控固体推进剂的燃速、点火延迟时间以及力学性能的影响;然后,分析了电控固体推进剂的启停机理,介绍了硝酸铵羟胺和高氯酸锂基电控固体推进剂的反应机理;最后,对电控固体推进剂的未来发展进行了展望,指出未来仍需重点研究的方向:加强电控固体推进剂制备工艺放大研究;设计新型电敏氧化剂,解决高压下无法可控燃烧的问题;开展大尺寸电控固体发动机试验研究;通过数值模拟进一步揭示电能与推进剂燃烧耦合效应。附参考文献62篇。

可光致固液转变偶氮苯染料的合成及其光控可逆黏合性能

光控可逆胶黏剂在特定波长的光照射下可以改变其黏接性质,实现高效的黏合与分离,并可多次重复利用。试验设计合成了一种含单个偶氮苯单元的小分子化合物D-Azo,探究了其光致固液转化及光控可逆黏合性能。紫外光照射前后的紫外-可见吸收光谱、氢核磁共振谱(1H NMR)及示差热量扫描(DSC)表明,在紫外光的作用下,D-Azo分子发生了异构转变,在光诱导下染料由固态快速转化为液态,且具有良好的循环稳定性,能够在多个光照周期中保持稳定的光响应性能。将D-Azo用于光控可逆黏合,D-Azo黏接的PMMA板承重达30~35 kg,黏附强度为0.80~0.93 MPa。D-Azo分子具有明显的光致固液转化特性,紫外光照射可以使其脱黏合,表明作为胶黏剂的可逆性和重复使用性能。该材料可望在纺织复合材料黏合领域以及可穿戴黏合材料等领域获得应用。

考虑老化影响的SSPC功率管热模型自适应在线修正方法

固态功率控制器SSPC(solid-state power controller)中功率管的结温监测对SSPC的可靠性有至关重要的作用,热模型法因其无需直接接触测量且方法简单而被广泛使用。然而,功率芯片的老化会导致热路径的退化,器件的结壳热阻抗增加,使实际结温远远超过热网络模型的估计值,导致对器件健康状态的乐观估计。焊料层疲劳失效被认为是SSPC功率管老化失效的主要原因之一。因此,在SSPC的寿命周期中实时监测器件的老化状态,并对功率管的热模型进行自适应在线修正,通过测量不受焊料层退化影响的热敏参数来计算热阻作为更新依据,将热阻信息关联焊料层老化状态来更新热模型。所提方法可在不影响SSPC正常工作的前提下,实时修正热模型,实验结果验证了方法的有效性。

固态断路器多IGBT串联混合均压电路设计

固态断路器需多IGBT串联切断短路故障电流,针对多IGBT存在电压分配不均、局部电压过高、损耗大等问题,提出一种混合式均压控制电路拓扑结构。分析固态断路器多IGBT均压影响因素,研究均压拓扑性能。优化缓冲电路结构,改进充放电型缓冲电路,减小损耗;引入双阈值钳位控制电路,改善IGBT过电压;提出被动均压与辅助反馈主动均压结合的混合均压控制策略,加快响应速度,实现均压动态自适应调节。制作样机,进行固态断路器设计拓扑和控制的仿真及实验验证,结果表明:混合式均压控制电路可减小IGBT电路超调量,具备更强的抑制过电压能力,提升响应速度。

液体火箭发动机地面试验控制电路的设计与分析

针对液体火箭发动机地面试验控制系统须抑制控制电路输入端的脉冲噪声、输出端的反峰电压及控制电流测量精度低等问题,运用放大电路原理,采用电路仿真方法,设计了基于电路印制板型固态继电器的控制驱动和控制电流测量电路。控制驱动电路应用“二极管+稳压二极管”模块以实现降低反峰电压和缩短复位时间的效果,控制驱动电路中固态继电器输出端集成了光耦隔离模块用于反馈控制信号,控制电流测量电路主要由霍尔效应电流感应模块和运算放大器构成以达到较高精度测量控制电流的目的。通过电路仿真,分析了控制驱动电路的反峰电压抑制模块、控制电流测量电路的动静态特性。仿真和实测结果表明:控制电流测量电路的基本误差为6.66%±1.80%,电路上升时间小于0.3 ms,下降时间小于0.5 ms;控制驱动电路的接通时间小于2μs,关断时间小于0.5 ms,“标准恢复二极管+齐纳二极管”方法能有效抑制反峰电压;控制驱动电路可应用于液体火箭发动机高精度的地面试验控制系统研制。

基于PLC的豆粕固态发酵温度控制系统设计与试验

为了在豆粕固态发酵过程中给微生物提供适宜的生长繁殖条件,达到良好的发酵效果,对温度变化复杂的发酵环境进行实时的温度监测和控制。采用PLC对发酵罐的温度进行PID闭环控制,设计以37℃为目标值的试验。结果表明,发酵的豆粕中多肽含量、ACE抑制活性在终点时分别达到4.45 g/kg,53.2%,分别比自然发酵状态下提高5.7%和9.92%,温度控制系统有效提高了豆粕发酵产物的质量。研究为面向生产的豆粕固态发酵提供理论基础。