Non-symmetric distributions of solids deposition for solid-water stratified flow in deviated tubing strings

Dynamic performance on solids flow with water in deviated tubing is essential for the reliability of pump and normal operation of horizontal and directional wells.Compared with coal-water flow in vertical tubing and sand-oil flow with high production in deviated tubing,solids deposition with water shows obvious non-symmetric distributions in deviated tubing from simulations and experiments.The mathematical model of two phase flow was developed under coupling conditions of deviated tubing,low flow rate and viscosity based on the kinetic theory of granular flow and first-order discrete scheme.The results show that solid-water stratified flow in deviated tubing can be divided into two zones of suspension bed and the moving bed throughout the flow field.The solid flowing velocity with water is negative and particles slide down at the bottom of moving bed zone.The process of solids flow with water in deviated tubing will produce pressure loss and consume the kinetic energy.The thickness of deposited layer and the flowing velocity of solids flow downward with water at the moving bed zone enhance with the decreased inlet flow rate and the increased particle size,tubing inside diameter(ID)and inclination angle.Solids are easier into suspension from the upper part of moving bed zone to suspension bed zone and more solid particles flow with water towards the tubing outlet with the increase of inlet flowing velocity.The decision is made to reduce the screen width,tubing ID and inclination angle to maintain to be greater than critical deposition velocity in order to prevent solids settling.And it provides the theoretical basis and technical reserves for solid control and offers an effective approach to enhance tubing cleaning in deviated strings.

The Solid-liquid Transformation of Low-grade Solid Potash Deposit in Dalangtan Basin and the Simplification of the Liquid Phase System

We studied the solid-liquid transformation of low-grade solid potash deposit in Dalangtan Basin and simplified the liquid phase system.We did experiments to optimize conditions of the solid-liquid transformation.The Suitable

Artificial solid electrolyte interphase based on polyacrylonitrile for homogenous and dendrite-free deposition of lithium metal

High chemical reactivity, large volume changes, and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth have always been the key problems of lithium metal anodes.Coating has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to protect the lithium metal.In this work, the effects of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based coatings on electrodeposited lithium have been studied.Our results show that a PAN coating layer provides uniform and dendrite-free lithium deposition as well as better cycling performance with carbonate electrolyte.Notably, heat treatment of the PAN coating layer promotes the formation of larger deposit particle size and higher coulombic efficiency(85%).The compact coating layer of heat-treated PAN with a large Young modulus(82.7 GPa) may provide stable protection for the active lithium.Improved homogeneity of morphology and mechanical properties of heat-treated PAN contribute to the larger deposit particles.This work provides new feasibility to optimize the polymer coating through rational modification of polymers.

Investigation of Movement and Deposition Behaviors of Solid Particles in Hydraulic Water Reservoir via the CFD‑DEM Coupling Method

Solid contamination existing as solid particles in power fluid transmission systems may lead to transmission performance reduction,system failures,and component damage.The hydraulic reservoir will deposit the contamination and store hydraulic fluid.To investigate its purification ability for solid contamination,experiments and simulations for the motion and deposition status of the typical hydraulic system particles are carried out to reveal the interaction of particles and fluid in hydraulic water reservoirs.The results show that the CFD-DEM coupling method could predict the accurate deposition position of iron particles and sand particles when ignoring the small-scale turbulence effect in the flow field.Besides,the particle motion traces and deposition patterns in the reservoir illustrate that the flow development on the bottom surface results in the particles turning,and particles tend to settle in the low flow energy position.The motion of particles is also linked to particles Stokes number,and the same-size sand particles are easily driven by the fluid.The contribution of this paper could provide a guide for predicting the particle motion and deposition pattern in the hydraulic reservoir.

Thixoforming of spray deposited AlZn_ 12Cu_2Mg_2 wrought aluminum alloy in semi-solid state

The processing parameters were achieved about the thixoforming of spray deposition AlZn 12Cu2Mg2 wrought aluminum alloy in semi-solid ingots and the structures and mechanical properties of the analogue work pieces were tested. The optimum heat treatment parameters of the alloy by the optimization experiment were obtained （460℃ being the optimum solution temperature and 12-14h being the optimum artificial aging time）. The results show that AlZn 12Cu2Mg2 alloy can achieve ideal mechanical properties and elongation after solution treatment and aging treatment by semi-solid process. Under 120MPa and at 595-600℃, the yield strength and elongation of the heat-treated parts can reach 664MPa and 7.5% respectively.

Analysis of the Law of Organic Solid Phase Precipitation and Deposition during Carbon Dioxide Displacement Process

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has been regarded as an indispensable, strategic and pressing technology to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, and mitigate the severe consequences of climate change. Its utilization and storage play important roles in this system and they can be applied for oceanic and underground geological sequestration especially for the oil gas reservoir that needs to improve recovery. For the carbon dioxide flooding process, the crude oil displacement generally shows a better performance with the increase of the pressure. However, carbon disposal is always complex. It could encounter organic solid phase precipitation and deposition in near miscibility environment. The law of multiphase and multicomponent diversification in the whole processes is still poorly understood. We thus used the method of slim tube to get dynamic data during the process. Indeed, the interval of near minimum miscibility pressure was determined. Analysis results of injectivity index and productivity index show that the reservoir blockage primarily appears as the displacement pressure is higher than the near minimum miscibility lower limit pressure and plays an important role in the production capacity. Extortionate or low pressure is not conducive to carbon dioxide displacement.

固–液相变含水率区间松散土石体中细粒组分抗剪特性试验

松散土石体在泥水作用下易引发地质灾害,其中细粒组分在高含水率下的抗剪性能骤然劣化是触发相变失稳的重要因素之一。基于环剪试验,对三峡库区某滑坡松散土石体试样设计试验方案,研究细组构由软塑~流塑发展的固-液相变全过程抗剪特性演化规律。结果表明:松散土石体试样为粗细组分二元特征较强的级配不良土体介质,其中,细粒组分在原状干密度条件下的饱和含水率为23.6%,液塑限分别为27.2和18.1,据此选定含水率23.6%~29.0%范围中的5个取值制定试验方案,可完整覆盖细粒组分的软塑~流塑相变;含水率为25.0%、26.0%和27.0%时,试样处软塑状态,在低法向压力下均可顺利开展环剪试验;其中,含水率25.0%试样恰进入软塑态,较含水率23.6%试样的峰值和残余内摩擦角分别降低23.5%和18.6%,峰值和残余黏聚力均降低超过80%。含水率为28.0%和29.0%时,试样已处于流塑状态,仅在无法向压力时可顺利开展环剪试验,且抗剪强度极低,其物理意义贴近于高黏稠泥浆的黏滞性;根据试样的黏聚力c在进入软塑状态时基本丧失,而内摩擦角φ表现为在软塑区间随含水率增加而逐步降低,进而触及液限骤然丧失的特性分析,c和φ劣化过程异步;经单元体受力模式和概化分析认为,相变前软塑状态试样静止侧压力系数K0的激增缓解了φ值的大幅骤降。

纳米MoS_(2)固体薄膜制备及在钢领上的应用研究

为了减小纺织机械及器材专件的摩擦磨损,对比分析普通MoS_(2)油和脂与纳米MoS_(2)固体薄膜的润滑机理和特性,提出一种在钢领上采用真空化学气相沉积法合成纳米MoS_(2)固体薄膜的制备工艺;通过X射线衍射谱图和原子力显微镜,分析纳米MoS_(2)固体薄膜的组织结构及表面形貌,并对纳米MoS_(2)钢领进行镀铬镀氟渗杂复合膜处理。通过对比纳米MoS_(2)固体薄膜钢领与普通钢领纺纱质量,指出:纳米MoS_(2)固体薄膜具有优异的润滑性能,可以代替普通润滑油,达到纺织设备及器材专件少用油、不用油及无油自润滑的目的;纳米MoS_(2)的制备方法是制约其应用和发展的瓶颈;镀铬镀氟渗杂复合膜纳米MoS_(2)钢领在潮湿环境中不易生锈,较普通钢领的成纱质量好,值车工劳动强度小,钢领使用寿命延长。

20钢输气管道穿孔原因

某油田现场输气管道发生穿孔现象。采用宏观观察、壁厚测量、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能测试、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法研究了管道穿孔的原因。结果表明:焊缝穿孔泄漏的原因是天然气夹带的固体颗粒沉积后与未焊透焊缝内表面构成缝隙,在含水酸性介质的作用下,管道发生缝隙腐蚀,焊缝阳极溶解,最终导致管道发生腐蚀穿孔。

甲烷固体氧化物燃料电池的多物理场耦合积碳模型

烃类燃料的直接使用造成固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阳极积碳并导致性能下降的严峻问题,开展积碳原因分析并采取减少积碳形成的措施是加快固体氧化物燃料电池商业化的重要课题。提出三维瞬态多物理场耦合积碳模型,通过仿真模型计算,研究不同条件、不同参数对固体氧化物燃料电池性能的影响,以评估电池的长期性能。在电池工作电压和积碳速率方面,计算结果与已有试验结果吻合较好。结果表明,随着积碳含量增加,阳极电极材料的孔隙率将减小,催化剂活性降低。当预重整程度降低、入口速度增加、操作温度增加、工作电压下降和燃料中氢气比例增大,积碳量均呈上升趋势。通常来说,积碳的增加会造成电池性能下降,如预重整程度的降低及入口速度的增加符合这一趋势。操作温度增加、工作电压下降和燃料中氢气比例增加虽然也会造成积碳量增加、电性能衰减严重,但电池性能呈上升趋势。研究表明,这一现象与甲烷裂解反应关系密切。

矿热炉烟道中颗粒沉积特性的数值研究

为了精确揭示烟道中颗粒沉积特性,基于计算流体力学(CFD)和JKR理论,结合多物理场耦合多相流条件下,建立了烟道中炉气-颗粒气固两相的多尺度的颗粒沉积模型,用于精确预测烟道中颗粒的沉积位置和沉积质量,并探究烟道内的颗粒沉积率与烟气温度和烟气流速的关系。

采动裂隙缩径后端抽采气流中煤岩颗粒沉积规律研究

井孔瓦斯抽采过程中抽采气流所携带的煤岩颗粒易在采动裂隙内沉积,严重降低了井孔瓦斯抽采流量,掌握裂隙内颗粒沉积特性是提高井孔瓦斯抽采流量的重要基础。开展了含缩径的裂隙内颗粒运移沉积实验,研究了抽采气流影响下颗粒在越过缩径后的颗粒沉积床演化规律,分析了抽采气速和缩径特征参数对采动裂隙缩径后端颗粒沉积规律和抽采局部阻力的影响。结果表明:裂隙缩径后端颗粒沉积床呈现2种演化规律;当颗粒沉积床沿气流方向呈“V”形分布时,颗粒沉积床沉积高度呈现先快速增大后缓慢减小的演化规律;当颗粒沉积床沿气流方向呈“?”形的颗粒沉积床时,沉积高度呈现先缓慢增大后缓慢减小的演化规律;此外,随着裂隙内颗粒床的发展,裂隙缩径后端的局部阻力变化可分为初期稳定阶段、快速发展阶段和最终稳定阶段;初期稳定阶段演化时间随抽采气速的增大或缩径比减小而缩短;快速发展阶段演化时间随抽采气速的增大或缩径比增大而缩短。

基于氧化物-金属多层膜固态化合方法制备MCNO薄膜

红外热成像技术具有高度实用性、灵敏性和可靠性等优点,在航空、医疗等多个领域发挥着重要作用。相较于其他类型的非制冷红外探测器,测微辐射热计(Microbolometer)具有工作范围宽、响应速率快且器件结构简单等优点。相较于非晶硅和氧化钒等常见热敏层材料,立方尖晶石结构的过渡金属氧化物锰钴镍氧化物(Mn-Co-Ni-O,MCNO)具有更高的TCR系数。使用磁控溅射法-电子束蒸发复合法在蓝宝石(Al_(2)O_(3))衬底上制备MCNO薄膜,结合XRD、SEM和电学性能测试,分析和探讨了工艺条件对其性能的影响。研究结果表明,在450℃沉积5 h得到厚度为450 nm的MCNO薄膜样品,随后在真空腔内原位退火1 h,再使用管式退火炉在空气氛围中进行60 min 850℃后退火,MCNO薄膜呈现出良好性能,(111)晶相的XRD半峰宽为0.48,晶格常数为8.71A(1A=10^(-10) m),晶粒平均大小为81.7±24 nm。使用四探针法测试MCNO薄膜室温下电阻率为642.19Ω·cm,室温下(295 K)电阻温度系数(Temperature Coefficient of Resistance,TCR)系数为-4.20%/K。在6~8.5μm波长范围内,最高吸光度为1.50。研究结果验证了所提出的多层复合方法用于制备MCNO薄膜的可行性,为进一步优化MCNO薄膜组份与掺杂配比以及结构-性能关系提供了新思路。

基于电磁感应法的固废填埋区探测研究

以疑似存在固废填埋区的农业用地为例,采用电磁感应法快速实现填埋区定位,结合高密度电阻率法对数据进行校准,并利用钻探结果进行验证。本研究以小于3.76Ω·m的电阻率值作为填埋区的判定准则,对于疑似塌陷填埋位置,电磁感应法的探测结果与其实际情况吻合较好,且发现了一处地表尚在种植作物的填埋区,疑似填埋区在整个地块的空间覆盖率为30.55%。根据探测结果选择12处钻孔点位验证了地块填埋有生活垃圾、污泥等。本次探测耗时12 h,获取数据量105 600个,数据有效率99.78%。通过电磁感应方法,实现了对填埋区的污染探测及定位,对于指导后期地块填埋物的污染修复具有现实意义。

搅拌摩擦增材制造方法研究进展

通过文献研究,将目前现有的搅拌摩擦增材技术分为两个大类:基于搅拌摩擦搭接焊的以板材为原材料的“搅拌摩擦搭接增材(FSAM)”与以棒材或丝材为原材料的“搅拌摩擦沉积增材(AFSD)”。重点综述了迄今已公开报道的三种方法:采用“实心轴肩+板材”的搅拌摩擦增材技术、“空心轴肩+棒材”的搅拌摩擦沉积增材技术、“空心轴肩+丝材”的搅拌摩擦沉积增材技术。其中后两种搅拌摩擦增材方法具有可连续增材的优越性,应用前景广阔。

深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩成储成藏机理与油气藏开发方法研究进展

基于钻井、地震、测井、测试以及实验分析等新资料,针对中西部叠合盆地深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩层系成储、成藏和油气藏高效开发面临的关键科学问题开展持续攻关。研究表明:(1)断裂主导形成的储集体和古老层系白云岩储层是深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩两类重要的储层;以断裂为主导形成的规模储集体,根据成因可进一步分为3种类型:断裂活动过程中构造破裂形成的缝洞储集体、致密碳酸盐岩受断裂和流体双重改造形成的储集体与早期丘滩等高能相带受断裂和流体改造形成的储层;优势丘滩相、早期白云石化和溶蚀、酸性流体环境、膏盐岩封盖和超压是优质白云岩储层形成和保持的关键。(2)中国中西部叠合盆地海相碳酸盐岩层系富有机质页岩主要发育于被动陆缘深水陆棚、碳酸盐缓坡等环境中,构造-热体制是控制深层—超深层油气藏赋存相态的重要因素,改造型动力场控制中西部叠合盆地深层—超深层海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏与分布。(3)普光等高含硫酸性气田开发过程中硫析出堵塞井筒,采用井筒溶硫剂配合连续油管解硫堵效果明显;基于沉积模拟的双重介质建模数模一体化技术可以精细刻画水侵前缘空间展布及变化,并据此提出气井全生命周期调、排、堵控水对策。(4)超深断控缝洞油气藏开发过程中,储层应力敏感,渗透率随压力下降而显著降低,产量递减较快;凝析气藏相态变化快,压降显著影响凝析油采出程度;据此提出“注水+注天然气”重力驱油藏开发方法和“高注低采”天然气驱凝析气藏开发方法;采用分层次约束、逐级地质建模和流-固-热耦合的复合介质数值模拟有效提高了油气藏开发生产动态模拟的预测精度。

电共沉积法制备铜铁合金及其表征

铜铁合金具有优异的导电、导热性能以及独特的电磁屏蔽性能,且成本低廉,应用广泛,但易发生成分偏析。为解决这一问题,以五水合硫酸铜和七水合硫酸亚铁为原料,采用电共沉积法制备Cu-Fe合金镀层,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和透射电镜对镀层进行表征,研究电流密度、主盐离子浓度、络合剂浓度对镀层成分和显微组织的影响,探究镀层的生长过程。结果表明:Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)和柠檬酸(络合剂)浓度分别为0.016、0.04和0.2 mol/L,电流密度为2.0 A/dm^(2)时,Cu-Fe合金镀层光亮平整无裂纹,具有较高的Fe含量(w(Fe)=14.87%)。镀层中Cu和Fe分布均匀,不存在单独的Fe相,证明电沉积过程中形成了亚稳合金。镀层中广泛分布着纳米晶,晶粒尺寸在20~100 nm之间。Cu-Fe镀层由细小枝晶密集生长,而后分化为小颗粒紧密生长,随时间延长颗粒逐渐长大,出现显著优先生长,颗粒之间可见明显间隙。不均匀的电场和成核位置分布是导致枝晶无序生长的主要原因。

磷酸铁锂系列产品工艺研究进展

正极材料磷酸铁锂基锂电池相对于其它锂电池具有高安全性、循环性、高能量密度等优点,在未来的正极材料市场有一定的价值、潜力及广阔的应用前景,是目前锂电池行业吸引力最强的研究对象之一。就磷酸铁锂锂电池的制备原理、电性能工作原理进行了简单介绍;详细阐述了近年来磷酸铁锂的制备、表面涂覆、金属掺杂、纳米化改性对磷酸铁锂的形貌及电化学性能等性质的影响;最后,对磷酸铁锂锂电池的发展进行展望,旨在为磷酸铁锂的发展提供借鉴。

碳基固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展

随着人们对绿色能源和环境友好型社会需求的日益增长,先进能量转换装置或系统的研发亟待加速,而燃料电池系统被认为是最有希望的未来发电装置。在不同种类的燃料电池中,固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)是一种清洁环保的发电装置,因其独特的多燃料运行能力及能量转化效率高等优点而前景广阔。然而,传统使用镍-金属陶瓷阳极的SOFCs,在碳氢化合物燃料下运行时,由于燃料的不完全氧化会使阳极产生积碳,从而导致电池性能下降。讨论了碳基SOFC中碳沉积机理和解决阳极积碳的策略,重点介绍了目前广泛研究的具有混合离子-电子导体的双金属-金属陶瓷材料的种类以及研究进展,并总结了双金属-金属陶瓷材料的抗积碳机理,主要表现为降低阳极表面的碳沉积速率以及加速积碳的去除。还介绍了在还原性气氛中,钙钛矿材料中纳米粒子原位偏析的原理,并讨论了原位偏析所形成的纳米颗粒以及其与钙钛矿主体所形成的金属氧化物异质结构在抗积碳阳极中的应用。此外,还探究了多层阳极和单原子催化剂阳极在中温SOFCs中的应用。在燃料电池技术巨大进步的推动下,人们对可用于固定式发电的集成煤气化的燃料电池发电系统(IGFCs)产生了新的兴趣,该系统对于实现煤炭的清洁高效利用具有重要意义,该技术的关键依托于SOFCs的成熟度。最后,总结并指出了碳基SOFCs未来的一些研究方向。

Numerical investigation of particle deposition on converging slot-hole film-cooled wall

Numerical research on the dilute particles movement and deposition characteristics in the vicinity of converging slot-hole(console) was carried out, and the effect of hole shape on the particle deposition characteristics was investigated. The EI-Batsh deposition model was used to predict the particle deposition characteristics. The results show that the console hole has an obvious advantage in reducing particle deposition in comparison with cylindrical hole, especially under higher blowing ratio. The coolant jet from console holes can cover the wall well. Furthermore, the rotation direction of vortices near console hole is contrary to that near cylindrical hole. For console holes, particle deposition mainly takes place in the upstream area of the holes.