In order to improve the mechanical properties of PVC, by solid-phase grafting reaction, grafting on and nano-modifying the PVC process synchronously, acrylic monomers not only graft on PVC, but also are intercalated i...In order to improve the mechanical properties of PVC, by solid-phase grafting reaction, grafting on and nano-modifying the PVC process synchronously, acrylic monomers not only graft on PVC, but also are intercalated into the layers of MMT in the heating process. Blending PVC and the MMT-PVC grafting copolymers , we can get nanocomposites of PVC/ grafters/ MMT, and the mechanical performance of the material is improved.展开更多
By combining the strong and light carbon fibers （CFs） with polymers, composite materials with extraordinary mechanical properties are achieved. However, the mechanical properties of the as-prepared CF-reinforced pol...By combining the strong and light carbon fibers （CFs） with polymers, composite materials with extraordinary mechanical properties are achieved. However, the mechanical properties of the as-prepared CF-reinforced polymer composites can not satisfy the applications in certain fields, especially for the poor interactions between CFs and the polymers. To enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials, a solid phase grafting method has been developed to improve the adhesion forces between CFs and the polymer, by modifying the surfaces of CFs. The effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, as well as the dosage of the initiator and maleic anhydride （MAH） on the grafting efficiency have been investigated systematically. The structure and the surface chemistry of functionalized CFs have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, Thermogravimetric （TG）, and contact angle test. All of these results demonstrate that MAH is grafted onto the surface of CFs successfully by the solid phase grafting method. The MAH grafted CFs significantly improve its wettability, which further improves the interfacial adhesion between CFs and the polymeric matrix. The optimal reaction conditions are determined, such as the MAH/CF molar ratio, the dosage of initiator, the reaction temperature and the reaction time to be 3/1, 2%, 90℃ and 4 h, respectively. These attractive interracial characteristics of modified CFs suggest that the method proposed herein is a novel and efficient approach to develop CF-reinforced polymer composites with outstanding mechanical properties for cutting-edge industrial applications.展开更多
The solid phase graft copolymerization of polypropylene (PP) andmethacrylic acid (MAA) was investigated. benzoyl peroxide(BPO) wasused as initia- tor. The influence of the reactive time,concentration of initiator and ...The solid phase graft copolymerization of polypropylene (PP) andmethacrylic acid (MAA) was investigated. benzoyl peroxide(BPO) wasused as initia- tor. The influence of the reactive time,concentration of initiator and monomer on degree of graft and meltflow index of graft copolymer(PP-MAA) was discussed. The effect ofgraft copolymer on mechanical properties of The glass fibre (GF)reinforced PP composites was also Studied. It is proved that graftcopolymer could obviously Increase the interfacial adhesive strengthbetween PP and GF.展开更多
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Tu...The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates（full irrigation（l_（100）） with no stress,moderate irrigation（Dl_（70））,and low irrigation（Dl_（50））;Dl_（70） and Dl_（50） were considered deficit irrigation） on grafted（CTJ,Crimson Tide＋Jumbo） and the ungrafted（CT,Crimson Tide） watermelon.The amount of irrigation water（IR） applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation intervals.Nitrogen consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT plants.On the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in Dl_（70） plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in l_（100） plants.By grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,respectively.The yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit irrigation.In this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit quality.The highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant^（-1） in 2008 were obtained with l_（100）and in CTJ plants,respectively.However,Dl_（50） treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are limited.Additionally,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.展开更多
AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA excl...AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA exclusively antiH LA-Cw with 23 patients with preformed DSA antiH LA-A and/or B.RESULTS One year after transplantation there were no differencesin terms of acute rejection between the two groups(3 and 6 cases, respectively in the DSA-Cw and the DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one year, eG FR was not significantly different between groups(median 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compared to median 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). Moreover, kidney graft survival was similar between groups at 5-years(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The sole independent predictor of antibody mediated rejection(AMR) incidence was DSA strength(HR = 1.07 per 1000 increase in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associated with shortened graft survival at 5-years, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patients with or without AMR, respectively(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DSA-Cw are associated with an identical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.展开更多
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20304003)
文摘In order to improve the mechanical properties of PVC, by solid-phase grafting reaction, grafting on and nano-modifying the PVC process synchronously, acrylic monomers not only graft on PVC, but also are intercalated into the layers of MMT in the heating process. Blending PVC and the MMT-PVC grafting copolymers , we can get nanocomposites of PVC/ grafters/ MMT, and the mechanical performance of the material is improved.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Fujian Province(No.2012H6008)
文摘By combining the strong and light carbon fibers （CFs） with polymers, composite materials with extraordinary mechanical properties are achieved. However, the mechanical properties of the as-prepared CF-reinforced polymer composites can not satisfy the applications in certain fields, especially for the poor interactions between CFs and the polymers. To enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials, a solid phase grafting method has been developed to improve the adhesion forces between CFs and the polymer, by modifying the surfaces of CFs. The effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, as well as the dosage of the initiator and maleic anhydride （MAH） on the grafting efficiency have been investigated systematically. The structure and the surface chemistry of functionalized CFs have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, Thermogravimetric （TG）, and contact angle test. All of these results demonstrate that MAH is grafted onto the surface of CFs successfully by the solid phase grafting method. The MAH grafted CFs significantly improve its wettability, which further improves the interfacial adhesion between CFs and the polymeric matrix. The optimal reaction conditions are determined, such as the MAH/CF molar ratio, the dosage of initiator, the reaction temperature and the reaction time to be 3/1, 2%, 90℃ and 4 h, respectively. These attractive interracial characteristics of modified CFs suggest that the method proposed herein is a novel and efficient approach to develop CF-reinforced polymer composites with outstanding mechanical properties for cutting-edge industrial applications.
文摘The solid phase graft copolymerization of polypropylene (PP) andmethacrylic acid (MAA) was investigated. benzoyl peroxide(BPO) wasused as initia- tor. The influence of the reactive time,concentration of initiator and monomer on degree of graft and meltflow index of graft copolymer(PP-MAA) was discussed. The effect ofgraft copolymer on mechanical properties of The glass fibre (GF)reinforced PP composites was also Studied. It is proved that graftcopolymer could obviously Increase the interfacial adhesive strengthbetween PP and GF.
基金the University of cukurova,Turkey,for providing funding through the Scientific Research Projects of Qukurova University(ZF2006D16 and ZF2008BAP1)
文摘The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates（full irrigation（l_（100）） with no stress,moderate irrigation（Dl_（70））,and low irrigation（Dl_（50））;Dl_（70） and Dl_（50） were considered deficit irrigation） on grafted（CTJ,Crimson Tide＋Jumbo） and the ungrafted（CT,Crimson Tide） watermelon.The amount of irrigation water（IR） applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation intervals.Nitrogen consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT plants.On the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in Dl_（70） plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in l_（100） plants.By grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,respectively.The yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit irrigation.In this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit quality.The highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant^（-1） in 2008 were obtained with l_（100）and in CTJ plants,respectively.However,Dl_（50） treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are limited.Additionally,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.
文摘AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA exclusively antiH LA-Cw with 23 patients with preformed DSA antiH LA-A and/or B.RESULTS One year after transplantation there were no differencesin terms of acute rejection between the two groups(3 and 6 cases, respectively in the DSA-Cw and the DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one year, eG FR was not significantly different between groups(median 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compared to median 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). Moreover, kidney graft survival was similar between groups at 5-years(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The sole independent predictor of antibody mediated rejection(AMR) incidence was DSA strength(HR = 1.07 per 1000 increase in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associated with shortened graft survival at 5-years, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patients with or without AMR, respectively(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DSA-Cw are associated with an identical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.
