Failure criterion effect on solid production prediction and selection of completion solution

Production of fines together with reservoir fluid is called solid production. It varies from a few grams or less per ton of reservoir fluid posing only minor problems, to catastrophic amount possibly leading to erosion and complete filling of the borehole. This paper assesses solid production potential in a carbonate gas reservoir located in the south of Iran. Petrophysical logs obtained from the vertical well were employed to construct mechanical earth model. Then, two failure criteria, i.e. Mohre Coulomb and Mogi-Coulomb,were used to investigate the potential of solid production of the well in the initial and depleted conditions of the reservoir. Using these two criteria, we estimated critical collapse pressure and compared them to the reservoir pressure. Solid production occurs if collapse pressure is greater than pore pressure. Results indicate that the two failure criteria show different estimations of solid production potential of the studied reservoir. Mohre Coulomb failure criterion estimated solid production in both initial and depleted conditions, where Mogi-Coulomb criterion predicted no solid production in the initial condition of reservoir. Based on Mogi-Coulomb criterion, the well may not require completion solutions like perforated liner, until at least 60% of reservoir pressure was depleted which leads to decrease in operation cost and time.

Characteristic of solid product layer of MgSO in the reaction of MgO with SO2

The microstructure, nucleation and growth of MgSO4 product layer during the reaction of MgO single crystal with SO2 and O2 were investigated with thermo gravity analyzer (TGA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images indicated that three dimensional islands with different sizes were formed during the initial reaction stage. At the initial stage, cone-shaped islands were formed, and most of them appeared at the position with terrace-step-kink. With the reaction time increasing, small islands would grow to large islands, and the coalescent would happen during this growth stage. During the product layer growth stage, the space and surface between islands would be occupied by islands, and continuum islands were formed. With the reaction time increasing in the product layer growth stage, the size of island increased while the number and total surface of all islands decreased.

Influence of Polyepoxysuccinic Acid on Solid Phase Products in Portland Cement Pastes

The influence of polyepoxysuccinic acid（PESA）on the solid phase products in hydrated Portland cement pastes was investigated by isothermal calorimetry,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,^29Si and ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）.The results indicated that PESA bonds Ca^2＋ions in pore solution to prevent portlandite formation,and also combines with Ca^2＋ions on the surface of silicate minerals to prolong the control time of phase boundary reaction process,leading to the retardation of silicate mineral hydration.Meanwhile,the interlayer Ca^2＋ions in Jennite-like structure bridging PESA and C-S-H gels prevent silicate tetrahedron and aluminum tetrahedron from occupying the sites of bridging silicate tetrahedron,which causes the main existence of dimer in C-S-H structure,deceases the degree of Al^3＋substituting for Si^4＋and promotes the transformation from 4-coordination aluminum to 6-coordination aluminum.Furthermore,the-Ca^＋chelating group from reacting PESA with Ca^2＋ions combines easily with SO4^2-ions,resulting in transformation from ettringite,AFm to TAH（Third aluminum hydrate）.However,with the higher addition of PESA,it will bridge the excess PESA by Ca^2＋ions to form a new chelate with ladder-shaped double chains structure,which not only reduces the amount of PESA bonding Ca^2＋ions,but also decreases its solidifying capability for SO4^2-ions,leading to the transformation from TAH to AFm or ettringite.Meanwhile,at later hydration,the inhibition effect of PESA on cement hydration is weakened,and the transformation degree from TAH to AFm is higher than that to AFt with the addition of PESA.

Highly efficient and selective photocatalytic dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol for simultaneous hydrogen and benzaldehyde production over Ni-decorated Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S solid solution

Photocatalytic conversion of solar energy into hydrogen and high value-added fine chemicals has attracted increasing attention. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient photocatalytic system for simultaneous hydrogen evolution and benzaldehyde production by dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol over Nidecorated Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S solid solution under visible light. The photocatalytic system shows an excellent hydrogen production rate of 666.3 μmol h^(-1) with high stability. The optimal apparent quantum yield of52.5% is obtained at 420 nm. This noble-metal-free photocatalytic system displays much higher activity than pure Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S and Pt-loaded Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S solid solution. Further studies reveal that the metallic Ni nanocrystals play an important role in accelerating the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and the subsequent cleavage of α-C–H bond during dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol.

Application of Solid Thinking Evolve in Product Modeling Design

In view of application characteristics of Solid Thinking Evolve in product modeling design, and the practical design of cosmetics packaging, this paper introduced the unique Construction TreeTM, fast, convenient and easy features of Solid Thinking Evolve, and its application prospects in product development.

固体氧化物电解槽辅助煤电机组深度调峰技术可行性研究

常规的煤电机组灵活性改造方案,难以消除频繁快速变负荷对热力系统造成的潜在寿命折损与设备安全风险。为提高煤电机组参与深度调峰的长期安全性与经济性,以某国产超超临界二次再热1000 MW燃煤机组为应用对象,提出了基于氢储能系统的煤电机组“健康调峰”技术路线,并论证了调峰煤电制氢的间接碳减排意义。在此基础上,分析比较了不同制氢工艺与煤电厂生产条件的匹配程度,认为固体氧化物电解槽(SOEC)制氢为综合最优方案,据此给出了SOEC耦合煤电调峰的原理性设计方案,最后以年度负荷曲线对新方案进行了财务分析。计算结果表明,示例机组自第6年起每年可获得1.07亿元/年的净利润,每年减少碳排放281.92 t,同时获得设备延寿、降耗减碳等其他收益。相关结论对于指导调峰煤电机组的健康安全运行具有参考意义。

PRiME HLB前处理技术联合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱系统检测水产品中17种磺胺类药物残留

使用通过型固相萃取小柱PRi ME HLB处理水产品样品,建立了一种水产品中17种磺胺类药物的简单、快速的筛选分析方法。水产品样品经80%乙腈水溶液(含0.2%甲酸)提取,过PRi ME HLB固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后经C_(18)色谱柱梯度洗脱分离,超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱系统进行定量分析。结果表明,17种磺胺类药物在1.0~50.0 ng·mL^(-1)线性关系良好,相关系数R^(2)>0.99;该方法检出限为2μg·kg^(-1);添加浓度为10μg·kg^(-1)时方法回收率在71.3%~118.4%,RSD值均小于20%。

生防枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1固体发酵工艺条件优化

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Czk1是一株具广谱拮抗、促生和诱导植株产生抗病性的根际益生菌。为了全面资源化利用农业废弃物中的有机养分和促进对植物土传病害的生物防治,本研究以Czk1为研究对象,以鸡粪为底肥,分别利用玉米秸秆、菌糠、椰糠堆肥为原料,采用液固两相发酵工艺,以稀释平板菌落计数法测定活菌总数和芽孢数,经过单因素和正交试验方法,明确Czk1固体发酵物料的配方、工艺参数和培养条件。得出Czk1固体发酵的最优条件:最佳原料为菌糠鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种重量为10%,黄豆粉添加量为10%,含水量为40%,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72h,在此条件下,Czk1菌株中的芽孢活菌数量总量可以达到8.63×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为8.37×10^(8)CFU/g。其次,发酵效果较佳的原料为秸秆鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种量为10%,添加5%黄豆粉,40%含水量,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72 h,此条件下,Czk1接种菌株中的活菌数量总量可达到6.53×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为5.97×10^(8)CFU/g;另外,在此配方条件下再添加30%菌糠,Czk1菌株的活菌数量总量及芽孢数分别可达到8.70×10^(8)CFU/g和6.90×10^(8)CFU/g。4种发酵生物肥原料的理化性质测定表明,其有机质含量、碳氮比均有较大差异,其中以鸡粪为原料其pH、全磷和全钾含量均最高,碳氮比最低,氮、磷、钾总含量均高于秸秆、椰糠和菌糠;秸秆为原料其电导率、有机质含量最高;椰糠为原料其全氮含量最高,菌糠为原料碳氮比最高。不同鸡粪与菌糠、秸秆及椰糠组合的生物有机肥的种子发芽指数均大于80%。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1具有良好的开发利用价值,选择合适的发酵生产条件可将农业废弃物制备出高质量的生物有机肥。

一株硫酸盐还原菌脱硫固铀性能及其固铀稳定性研究

从某铀矿山周边土壤中富集分离出一株硫酸盐还原菌A1_(S)XC21Q,研究了该菌株在不同pH、温度、SO_(4)^(2-)浓度下的脱硫和固铀性能,及其固铀产物的稳定性。结果表明:pH升高有利于该菌对SO_(4)^(2-)和铀的去除,初始pH为5.5~7.0条件下,SO_(4)^(2-)和铀的去除率均可达到95%以上;初始SO_(4)^(2-)浓度增加会降低菌株对SO_(4)^(2-)和铀的去除率,但在SO_(4)^(2-)浓度为2000 mg/L条件下,SO_(4)^(2-)和铀的去除率仍可达到75.42%和50.57%;温度升高可显著加速SO_(4)^(2-)和铀的去除,25~35℃条件下,SO_(4)^(2-)和铀的去除率均达到95%左右;A1 S XC21Q菌株可将富集于其表面的铀转移到细胞内部并形成多个“核状”磷酸铀酰络合物,形成的固铀产物稳定。从A1 S XC21Q菌脱硫固铀效果及其固铀产物稳定性来看,该菌有望用于后续酸法地浸铀矿山退役采区地下水生物修复技术试验研究中。

基于新能源消纳的高温电解制氢系统建模与控制方法研究

基于新能源随机波动以及低温电解制氢系统转化效率较低且无法切换到发电状态,提出一种高温电解制氢变负载情形下的高效最大产氢点多模型优化控制方法。首先构建计及辅助设备在内的高温固体氧化物电解系统整体协同运行的多能耦合优化模型,分析其影响系统电解的工作温度、电流强度、物料流速等诸多因素并导出高能安全产氢率;其次,在PID控制的基础上,给出一种既能实现变负荷同步准确跟踪产氢轨迹和优化电网调控需求,又能最大优化产氢效率的自适应时变线性变参数模型预测控制方法;最后,通过算例仿真验证所提方法较PID控制电解系统升温速率快,过渡时间短,电解电流、水蒸气流速、H2流速、电炉功率都能平稳过渡至稳态点,具有一定的理论和实用价值。

人参发酵产物中总皂苷的纯化研究

以人参总皂苷为评价指标,考察洗脱液体积、上样液质量浓度、上样液体积等因素,测定纯化过程的最佳参数。结果表明,最佳的提纯工艺是采用D101大孔树脂,湿法填装,药液的质量浓度0.8 g/mL,上样时所用的速度2 BV/h,静置1 h吸附药液,洗脱时先用蒸馏水将未吸附杂质洗去,再用5 BV的75%乙醇溶液洗去有效成分。最终确定的纯化工艺既简单又高效,可以适用于大生产。

新疆大果沙棘原浆、籽油和果油气味特征及产品间相关性

【目的】通过对新疆大果沙棘原浆、籽油及果油呈香物质进行分析,确定其气味特征及产品间相关性,为新疆大果沙棘制品的进一步开发和真伪鉴定提供数据支撑。【方法】采用固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱串联技术对新疆大果沙棘原浆、籽油和果油这3种沙棘主要制品的香气进行研究,表征每种沙棘制品的呈香组分及其香气活度,探究3种沙棘产品的关键香气组分,对其进行归类和分析,明确每种沙棘产品的香气特征,并通过聚类热图和相关性分析初步探究3种沙棘制品的香气组分之间的关联性。【结果】3种新疆大果沙棘制品共有64种呈香物质,沙棘原浆最多,其次是沙棘果油,沙棘籽油最少;沙棘原浆和果油关键呈香物质以酯类为主,籽油以醇类为主。沙棘原浆与果油的香气特征相似,均以果味和酒味为主,沙棘籽油以果味、花香和油脂味为主。新疆大果沙棘原浆、籽油和果油挥发性成分含量丰富,香气独特。沙棘原浆与果油相关性更高,沙棘籽油与另外两种制品相关性较低。【结论】研究结果可为后续沙棘产品深加工开发提供一定的理论基础。

芜菁固体饮料制备工艺优化

针对芜菁产品辛辣味严重的问题,以γ-环糊精对芜菁提取物进行包埋,根据Box-Benhnkend的中心组合设计试验原理,以感官评分为响应值,确定其最佳工艺,并通过正交试验优化芜菁固体饮料配方工艺。结果表明:最佳包埋工艺为在55℃下,添加γ-环糊精2 g,包埋4 h。固体饮料最佳配比为芜菁膏粉3.8 g、白砂糖4%、苹果酸0.04%,用200 mL水冲泡。γ-环糊精能够对芜菁提取液中辛辣气味有效包埋,以其为主要原料的芜菁固体饮料,酸甜可口,香味浓郁,可为高原抗缺氧产品研发及芜菁深加工提供参考依据。

药品连续制造技术在制剂生产中的应用进展

目的:综述连续制造技术在制剂生产中的应用进展。方法:查阅近年来国内外关于制药行业中连续制造生产工艺等相关文献,对其进行研读、归纳与总结。结论:连续制造技术具有可提高生产效率与稳定性、缩小占地空间以及安全性较高等优势,在其他领域已发展一定时间,但在制药行业尚处于起步阶段,获批上市的连续制造药物屈指可数。讨论:连续制造技术用于制药过程中存在不可忽视的挑战,但其发展前景可观,有较大的研究潜力。

纳米气泡的特性及其在有机固体废物厌氧消化中的应用

基于国内外研究现状,分析了纳米气泡(NBs)的基本性质和产生方式,以及改善厌氧消化性能的作用机理,综述了NBs在有机固体废物厌氧消化中的研究进展,以及在增强厌氧消化稳定性、加快水解速率、提高甲烷产量等3个方面的应用,提出了加强不同气体NBs理化性质研究、开发多种气源、提升检测能力、降低能耗和成本等后续研究展望。

烟草源高产淀粉酶菌株的分离鉴定、发酵条件优化及固体淀粉酶制剂的制备

该研究从分离自植烟土壤的具有产淀粉酶能力的20株细菌和17株真菌中筛选高产淀粉酶的菌株,结合形态学观察、生理生化试验和分子生物学技术对筛选菌株进行鉴定,通过单因素试验对其产酶条件优化,并通过澄清、分离纯化制备固体淀粉酶制剂,研究其稳定性。结果表明,筛选到1株高产淀粉酶的菌株MK10163,其被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),其最佳产酶发酵条件为发酵时间44 h,发酵温度35℃,装液量50 mL/500 mL,摇床转速200 r/min,初始pH 6.0。在此条件下,淀粉酶活力为(224.63±7.34)U/mL,较优化前提高34.21%。通过1%氯化钙和1%磷酸氢二钠澄清和2倍体积的体积分数为95%乙醇醇沉,将沉淀冷冻干燥后得到固体淀粉酶制剂,其在储存60 d时仍具有91.12%的相对酶活,表明其具有较强的稳定性。

固体氧化物电解池的发展及研究现状

固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)可以高效、清洁地与可再生能源进行耦合并将其转化为化学能,是一种高效、环保的能量转化装置,但是存在长期运行性能衰减问题,这个问题也是固体氧化物电解水制氢实现大规模商业化的关键所在。本文简要介绍了SOEC的发展历程、类别及其组成和运行原理;详细阐述了该项技术的优、缺点及运行成本;重点对SOEC性能衰减的因素进行了分析,SOEC的组成、运行模式、连接板材料及运行条件等是造成性能衰减的主要因素;最后通过论文和专利数量分析了固体氧化物电解池的研究现状和未来发展趋势,认为虽然固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)发展较为成熟,但迫于目前环境需求,为了充分利用清洁能源,降低碳排放,SOEC制氢技术的大规模商业化必然是未来行业的发展方向,目前SOEC性能的稳定及低成本制备是该技术发展面临的主要问题。