A new solid sorbent system is developed for the monitoring of dehydrogenated nicotine in the environment. The reagent system for the indicator tube consists of furfural-hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid impregnate...A new solid sorbent system is developed for the monitoring of dehydrogenated nicotine in the environment. The reagent system for the indicator tube consists of furfural-hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid impregnated over a cellulose fibre （cotton） and a humectant calcium chloride. The reagent system has also been used for the preparation of reagent paper. After exposing the indicator tubes and test paper to dehydrogenated nicotine, for a constant time, the red-violet colour developed could be compared with those obtained from standards. Alternatively the coloured compound was extracted in water and the absorbance measured at 540 nm. The lower limit of detection is 0.03 μg/m^3 of nicotine for the reagent papers and indicator tubes. The lower limit of determination by spectrophotometric procedure is 0.001μg/m^3 of air. The preparation of indicator tubes, test papers and their applications for the detection and determination of nicotine in environmental tobacco smoke （ETS）, mainstream smoke （MS）, side stream smoke （SS） and biological samples is described in this paper.展开更多
Due to the restriction such as the Minamata Convention as well as the IED of the European Commission,mercury removal from flue gases of coal-fired power plants(CPP)is an increasingly important environmental issue.This...Due to the restriction such as the Minamata Convention as well as the IED of the European Commission,mercury removal from flue gases of coal-fired power plants(CPP)is an increasingly important environmental issue.This makes this topic very crucial for both the energy industry and scientists.This paper shows how mercury arises from natural resources,i.e.,coals,through their combustion processes in CPP and considers the issue of mercury content in flue gases and solid-state coal combustion by-products.The main part of this paper presents a review of the solid sorbents available for elemental mercury control and removal processes,tested on a laboratory scale.The described solutions have a potential for wider usage in exhaust gas treatment processes in the energy production sector.These solutions represent the latest developments in the field of elemental mercury removal from gases.The authors present an overview of the wide range of solid sorbents and their modifications intended to increase affinity for Hg^(0).Among the presented sorbents are the wellknown activated carbon solutions but also novel modifications to these and other innovative sorbent proposals based on,e.g.,zeolites,biochars,other carbon-based materials,metal-organic frameworks.The paper presents a wide range of characteristics of the described sorbents,as well as the conditions for the Hg^(0) removal experiments summarizing the compendium of novel solid sorbent solutions dedicated to the removal of elemental mercury from gases.展开更多
The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorptio...The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K2CO3 before being loaded on Al2O3 was slow.However,the K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K2CO3and K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K2CO3 sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H2O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K2CO3·1.5H2O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K2CO3was loaded on Al2O3,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent was also improved.展开更多
文摘A new solid sorbent system is developed for the monitoring of dehydrogenated nicotine in the environment. The reagent system for the indicator tube consists of furfural-hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid impregnated over a cellulose fibre （cotton） and a humectant calcium chloride. The reagent system has also been used for the preparation of reagent paper. After exposing the indicator tubes and test paper to dehydrogenated nicotine, for a constant time, the red-violet colour developed could be compared with those obtained from standards. Alternatively the coloured compound was extracted in water and the absorbance measured at 540 nm. The lower limit of detection is 0.03 μg/m^3 of nicotine for the reagent papers and indicator tubes. The lower limit of determination by spectrophotometric procedure is 0.001μg/m^3 of air. The preparation of indicator tubes, test papers and their applications for the detection and determination of nicotine in environmental tobacco smoke （ETS）, mainstream smoke （MS）, side stream smoke （SS） and biological samples is described in this paper.
基金This work was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development project LIDER,Contract Number LIDER/384/L-6/14/NCBR/2015.
文摘Due to the restriction such as the Minamata Convention as well as the IED of the European Commission,mercury removal from flue gases of coal-fired power plants(CPP)is an increasingly important environmental issue.This makes this topic very crucial for both the energy industry and scientists.This paper shows how mercury arises from natural resources,i.e.,coals,through their combustion processes in CPP and considers the issue of mercury content in flue gases and solid-state coal combustion by-products.The main part of this paper presents a review of the solid sorbents available for elemental mercury control and removal processes,tested on a laboratory scale.The described solutions have a potential for wider usage in exhaust gas treatment processes in the energy production sector.These solutions represent the latest developments in the field of elemental mercury removal from gases.The authors present an overview of the wide range of solid sorbents and their modifications intended to increase affinity for Hg^(0).Among the presented sorbents are the wellknown activated carbon solutions but also novel modifications to these and other innovative sorbent proposals based on,e.g.,zeolites,biochars,other carbon-based materials,metal-organic frameworks.The paper presents a wide range of characteristics of the described sorbents,as well as the conditions for the Hg^(0) removal experiments summarizing the compendium of novel solid sorbent solutions dedicated to the removal of elemental mercury from gases.
文摘The carbonation characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent for CO2 capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy analysis(SEM)and N2 adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K2CO3 before being loaded on Al2O3 was slow.However,the K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K2CO3and K2CO3/Al2O3supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K2CO3 sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H2O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K2CO3·1.5H2O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K2CO3was loaded on Al2O3,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K2CO3/Al2O3 supported sorbent was also improved.
