Application-oriented hydrolysis reaction system of solid-state hydrogen storage materials for high energy density target:A review

Hydrogen storage and delivery technology is still a bottleneck in the hydrogen industry chain.Among all kinds of hydrogen storage methods,light-weight solid-state hydrogen storage(LSHS)materials could become promising due to its intrinsic high hydrogen capacity.Hydrolysis reaction of LSHS materials occurs at moderate conditions,indicating the potential for portable applications.At present,most of review work focuses on the improvement of material performance,especially the catalysts design.This part is important,but the others,such as operation modes,are also vital to to make full use of material potential in the practical applications.Different operation modes of hydrolysis reaction have an impact on hydrogen capacity to various degrees.For example,hydrolysis in solution would decrease the hydrogen capacity of hydrogen generator to a low value due to the excessive water participating in the reaction.Therefore,application-oriented operation modes could become a key problem for hydrolysis reaction of LSHS materials.In this paper,the operation modes of hydrolysis reaction and their practical applications are mainly reviewed.The implements of each operation mode are discussed and compared in detail to determine the suitable one for practical applications with the requirement of high energy density.The current challenges and future directions are also discussed.

Comparing of Hydrogen On-Board Storage by the Largest Car Companies, Relevance to Prospects for More Efficient Technologies

It presented a comparative consideration of General Motors long-term activities on the current subject of fuel-cell-powered electric vehicles vs Toyota Mirai recent results, relevant to prospects on more efficient and safe technologies of the hydrogen on-board storage. It also presented a call on the project International cooperation. The main aim of this paper is to attract attention of General Motors, Toyota and/or other large car companies to a real possibility of developing and using, in the nearest future, of the break-through hydrogen on-board storage technology based on the solid H2 intercalation into graphite nanostructures.

Study on High Rate Discharge Performance and Mechanism of AB_5 Type Hydrogen Storage Alloys

The effects of surface treatment, particle size distribution,rare earth composition and B additive on the high rate discharge performance of hydrogen storage alloys were investigated. It is found that the activity, discharge capacity and high rate dischargeability of the alloys are improved after physical and chemical modification as a result of the increase of the surface area and formation of the electrocatalysis layers, which increase both the electrochemical reaction rate on the alloy surface and H diffusion rate in the alloy bulk. It is also found that both the over-coarse and over-fine particle size increase the contact resistance of the electrode, resulting in a decrease of discharge capacity, deterioration of high rate dischargeability and lower discharge plateau. In another word, a suitable particle size distribution can enhance the alloy activity, discharge capacity and high rate dischargeability. In addition, the high rate dischargeability is enhanced by increasing La content and decreasing Ce content of the alloy composition because of enlargement of the unit cell volume and the improvement of the surface activity. Moreover, B additive resultes in the formation of the second phase, and makes the alloys easier pulverization, which greatly improves the activity, discharge capacity and high rate dischargeability.

Research of heat treatment of low-Co AB_5 type hydrogen storage alloys for MH-Ni batteries

The effects of low-Co AB_5 type hydrogen storage alloys prepared by quenchingand annealing on the performances of MH-Ni batteries were investigated, and the characteristics ofthe low-Co AB_5 type hydrogen storage alloys were compared with those of the high-Co AB_5 typehydrogen storage alloy as well. The results showed that the faster the cooling of the low-Cohydrogen storage alloy is, the better homogeneity of the chemical composition for the alloy and thelonger cycle life of the battery are, but the electrochemical discharge capacity and high-ratedischarge ability are reduced. The high-rate discharge ability and charge retention of MH-Nibatteries for the conventional as-cast annealed low-Co hydrogen storage alloy were superior to thosefor the rapidly quenched low-Co hydrogen storage alloy and the high-Co hydrogen storage alloy, buta little inferior in the cycle life.

A Review of Seasonal Hydrogen Storage Multi-Energy Systems Based on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics

The temporal and spatial characteristics of seasonal hydrogen storage will play a very important role in the coupling of multi-energy systems.This essay believes that there are several key issues worth noting in the seasonal hydrogen storage coupled multi-energy system,namely,hydrogen storage methods,coupling models,and benefit evaluation.Through research,this article innovatively divides seasonal hydrogen storage into two types:space transfer hydrogen storage technology and time transfer physical property conversion hydrogen storage technology.Then sort out the two most typical seasonal hydrogen storage multi-energy system application scenarios and their hydrogen storage unit models.Finally,it is shown that hydrogen storage methods should be selected according to different periods of time and regions,and the benefits should be evaluated before they can be used in practice.This review study is applicable to the process of coupling seasonal hydrogen storage in multi-energy systems.Hydrogen energy is used as an intermediate energy link for the selection,evaluation and modeling of the optimal selection and rational utilization.

Nanocrystalline High Entropy Alloys with Ultrafast Kinetics and High Storage Capacity for Large-Scale Room-Temperature-Applicable Hydrogen Storage

High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are a promising solution for large-scale hydrogen storage(H-storage)and are therefore receiving increasing attention from the materials science community.In this study,we systematically investigated the microstructures and H-storage properties of V_(35)Ti_(35)Cr_(10) Fe_(10)M_(10)(M=Mn,Co,Sc,or Ni)HEAs prepared by arcmelting.The cast HEAs were found to be nanocrystalline.The crystal lattice parameters and hydrogen absorption energies of the alloys were calculated using density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The alloys can be fully activated in just one cycle of hydrogen absorption/desorption under mild conditions,after which they reach hydrogen absorption saturation in approximately 100 s at ambient temperature.The hydrogenation kinetics of the HEAs are approximately five times higher than that of conventional solid-solution alloys with a body-centered cubic(BCC)structure.By performing in-situ hydriding differential scanning calorimetry in combination with DFT calculations,we revealed that the alloys are more susceptible to hydrogenation than traditional BCC structural alloys.The H-storage capacity of V_(35)Ti_(35)Cr_(10) Fe_(10)M_(10) alloys at ambient temperature was higher than that of HEAs reported in the literature.Quasi-in-situ X-ray diffraction characterization of the HEAs’hydrogenation revealed a phase transition process from a BCC to facecentered cubic,passing through a pseudo-BCC structure.Our work introduces a new perspective for designing alloys with ultrafast hydrogen absorption kinetics and high capacity for large-scale,room-temperature-applicable H-storage.

Ameliorating the re/dehydrogenation behaviour of MgH2 by zinc titanate addition

Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))is the most feasible and effective solid-state hydrogen storage material,which has excellent reversibility but initiates decomposing at high temperatures and has slow kinetics performance.Here,zinc titanate(Zn_(2)TiO_(4))synthesised by the solid-state method was used as an additive to lower the initial temperature for dehydrogenation and enhance the re/dehydrogenation behaviour of MgH_(2).With the presence of Zn_(2)TiO_(4),the starting temperature for the dehydrogenation of MgH_(2)was remarkably lowered to around 290℃–305℃.In addition,within 300 s,the MgH_(2)–Zn_(2)TiO_(4)sample absorbed 5.0 wt.%of H_(2)and 2.2–3.6 wt.%H_(2)was liberated from the composite sample in 30 min,which is faster by 22–36 times than as-milled MgH_(2).The activation energy of the MgH_(2)for the dehydrogenation process was also downshifted to 105.5 k J/mol with the addition of Zn_(2)TiO_(4)indicating a decrease of 22%than as-milled MgH_(2).The superior behaviour of MgH_(2)was due to the formation of Mg Zn_(2),MgO and MgTiO_(3),which are responsible for ameliorating the re/dehydrogenation behaviour of MgH_(2).These findings provide a new understanding of the hydrogen storage behaviour of the catalysed-MgH_(2)system.

温和条件下甲烷提高水合物储氢稳定特性机理

CH_(4)作为促进剂可大幅降低水合物储氢苛刻的热力学条件并提高H_(2)水合物的总储能密度,但目前对CH_(4)提升水合物储氢机理的认识较为缺乏。为此,通过分子动力学模拟研究并建立了CH_(4)/H_(2)双客体分子水合物模型,采用径向分布函数、构象分析和均方位移等方法综合分析了不同温度和压力下水合物结构的稳定性,探究了H_(2)占据孔穴位置、占据比例和水合物热力学稳定性之间的关联,揭示了温和条件下CH_(4)促进水合物储氢的微观机理。研究结果表明:(1)纯H_(2)水合物在严苛条件下笼型结构破损严重,而纯CH_(4)水合物在263~273 K及5~20 MPa温压条件下能稳定存在,说明CH_(4)水合物具备良好的热力学稳定性;(2) 263 K下储氢结构更为稳定,而5^(12)小笼可填充1~2个H_(2)分子,5^(12)6~2大笼中最佳储存3个H_(2)分子,且大笼储氢结构对水合物稳定性影响大,受温度的影响更为敏感。结论认为,CH_(4)/H_(2)水合物储氢体系3L+2S、3L+2L、2S+2S体系在263 K、15~20 MPa温和条件下综合性能较好,其中3L+2S具备最优的热力学稳定性,储氢密度可达0.301%(质量百分比),该研究成果可为水合物储氢技术开发提供理论指导和技术参考。

“双碳”目标下氢能产业技术发展分析

氢能作为清洁、高效的能源,对于实现全球能源转型和碳中和目标至关重要.随着全球能源需求增长和气候变暖挑战,世界各国都在积极推动能源绿色转型.氢能不仅可替代部分化石燃料,还是可再生能源的有效补充.近年来,全球能源领域正在经历绿色转型,氢能产业得到长足发展,其在交通、储能、工业等方面应用范围得到显著增长.从分析氢能产业技术入手,总结国内外氢能产业发展现状,梳理目前氢能产业面临的问题,展望氢能产业未来发展方向,全面阐述氢能链发展进展.未来,氢能预计将成为全球能源转型和实现气候目标的关键力量,促进清洁能源应用,为经济带来新增长点,对缓解气候变暖和提升能源安全具有重要意义.

氢能源动力试飞关键技术分析与发展展望

氢能源动力是推动实现航空领域“双碳”目标的重要形式之一,氢能源动力的制造、试验及鉴定将为航空领域实现“双碳”目标提供重要支撑。本文结合航空领域“双碳”目标分析了国内外氢能源动力的发展背景,系统地梳理了国内外氢能源的前沿规划、氢能源动力总体飞行试验的最新进展;详细分析了氢能源动力试飞的关键技术,着重针对适配航空发动机飞行平台的技术剖析,涵盖氢的存储及输送、氢能源飞行平台适应性改造、特殊测量技术、安全防护及控制技术、试飞配套设施、试飞验证及评估技术和适航符合性研究,为氢能源动力演示验证、氢能源动力产品考核、氢能源动力安全运行、航空科技革新、航空低碳高质量发展等研究提供参考。

流固耦合作用对地下储氢库储盖层岩石微观力学性质的影响

枯竭油气藏型地下储氢库被公认为最具前景的大规模储氢方式。长期储氢过程中的流固耦合作用是影响地层长期稳定性和评估储氢效果的重要因素。利用纳米压痕技术探究气体介质和含水特征的差异对不同岩石微观力学性质的影响,进而评估最佳储氢工况。陆相页岩具有比杂砂岩和长石砂岩更强的硬度和更高的弹性模量,流固耦合作用能够显著提高储层岩石的结构稳定性,但是过大的反应强度也增加了氢损失。水及其中的氢离子和弱酸性阴离子是氢气与岩石发生反应的重要介质,有利于提高反应强度。甲烷可以附着在黏土、长石等矿物的颗粒和孔隙表面,减少与无机矿物接触并发生反应的氢气含量,使得反应更加复杂。综合考虑流固耦合作用对地层稳定性的影响和长期储氢过程中的氢气损耗,地层含水饱和度较低且具有甲烷作为垫层气的枯竭气藏可能是一种较为理想的大规模地下储氢构造。研究结果有助于筛选最优储氢工况,为枯竭油气藏型储氢库的选址和建设提供参考。

液氢储运技术发展现状与展望

液氢具有储运密度大、能量密度高的特点,应用前景广阔,受限于液氢的物理特性,低温储运技术制约了液氢大规模应用。该文对当前国内外固定及移动式液氢储存设备进行调研,针对目前所面临的技术难点,从储氢材料、低温绝热、热力特性、配套设备、标准体系等方面总结液氢储运环节的关键技术,分析液氢储运现状与发展趋势,提出未来液氢储运技术重点发展方向,能有力促进中国高性能液氢储运设备研发,保障未来液氢规模化安全使用。

“双碳”视域下氢燃料电池汽车储氢技术现状及发展方向

车载储氢技术是开发高效、安全、低成本氢燃料电池汽车的关键,而储氢材料是研究的重点之一,也是氢的储存和输送过程中的重要组成部分。综述了已采用或正在研究的储氢技术,金属储氢、高压气态储氢、液态储氢和复合储氢等,比较了各种储氢技术的优缺点并指出了车载储氢技术的发展方向。

氢能储存技术研究进展及安全保障建议

在氢能全产业链中,安全高效的氢能储运技术是支撑产业高质量发展的关键,也是制约氢能大规模应用的主要技术瓶颈之一。综述了氢能储存技术中高压气态储氢、低温液态储氢、有机液体储氢、固态储氢等技术的发展现状,并结合氢能储存技术的差异,剖析了各项技术面临的主要安全风险,进而针对性地从设计、材料、操作、管理等多个层面,提出了不同氢能储存技术安全发展保障建议,为我国氢能产业安全高质量发展提供参考。

多应用场景下储能最优配置经济性效益分析

储能技术可被用作缓解大规模可再生能源并网压力的有效手段,可解决风能、太阳能等可再生能源发电不连续、不可控的难题。本文基于北盘江流域光伏电站的相关特点,研究了北盘江流域不同储能模式的优化配置,利用电化学储能与氢储能相结合的混合储能优化北盘江流域光伏运行,并以储能系统净现值成本最小为目标函数,以储能系统容量及充放电最大功率为约束,对不同类型储能装置的经济效益进行分析,并进行优化配置,基于HOMER Pro软件运行分析得出最优储能容量配置后,根据贵州省现行的价格标准,对其经济性分为发电侧、电网侧及融资租赁模式多应用场景进行分析,得出各应用模式下的经济效益及营收模式,为该地区光伏电站配置储能的实际应用提供了有价值的解决方案。

风光储氢综合能源系统容量配置策略优化研究

在风光机组大量扩张下,风能和光能的间歇性和波动性等特点造成了严重弃风弃光现象。为解决该问题,将电解水制氢技术与综合能源系统相结合,并结合储能发电设备,构建风光储氢综合能源系统。首先,建立风光储氢综合能源系统中各单元模型;其次,考虑各单元的约束条件和系统运行特性,建立综合考虑可靠性、经济性及弃电率的多目标容量配置策略。在此基础上,利用MATLAB和商用求解器CPLEX对模型进行配置求解优化,分析系统在有无储氢技术的2种运行模式及系统有储氢技术时,3组权重系数对容量分配的影响。研究结果可为风光储氢综合能源系统容量配置策略优化提供参考。

基于高通量形式下的储氢MOFs材料筛选模拟研究进展

氢能的储运对于氢能发展有着重大意义,近年来储氢金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)的研究显著增长。围绕储氢MOFs材料的模拟与理论计算、储氢材料数据库、储氢MOFs材料高通量结构筛选与机器学习理论设计等方面展开论述和总结,并整理和阐述计算模拟方法在储氢MOFs材料方面的研究思路与进展,为促进储氢MOFs材料的快速应用提供理论依据。

液氢储存低温绝热技术研究进展

液氢储存具有单位体积储氢密度高、长距离输送成本低等优势。但液氢储存是将氢气冷却到-253℃进行液化后储存在绝热容器中,故对储存容器的低温绝热性能要求极高。围绕液氢储存被动绝热和主动绝热技术,通过文献调研的方式回顾了当前液氢储存低温绝热技术的研究进展,介绍了不同绝热技术的原理,比较了不同绝热技术的适用范围,分析了目前不同绝热技术中存在的瓶颈问题和不足之处,总结了各绝热技术未来的发展趋势。为液氢储存低温绝热技术的发展提供参考。

适用于海洋运输的储氢技术及其应用现状

随着中国对“碳排放”能源策略的推进,氢能因其环境友好、质量能量密度高等特点越来越受到重视。由于不同国家与地区间对氢能需求的增加和差异性,促使氢气海洋运输逐渐发展。针对目前常用的液氢(LH_(2))、有机液体储氢(LOHC)和氨等适用于海洋运输的储氢技术,梳理其原理、储运方式、优缺点和面临的问题,并阐明了液氢、LOHC和氨在海洋运输中存在的挑战,为中国储氢技术和氢气海洋运输的发展提供参考,以期推动储氢技术在工业化上的进一步应用。

双碳目标下煤氢协同发展路径分析

通过分析煤炭产业与氢能产业协同发展的现实意义与发展现状,厘清二者的协同发展关系,探讨协同发展路径:以煤促氢,即通过示范与推广煤炭制氢结合CCS实现煤炭制氢的低碳发展;以氢促煤,即促进绿氢生产与煤化工的结合,以降低化工产品生产过程中的碳排放,提高产品的环保性能;探讨煤炭气化联合循环制氢技术､煤浆电解制氢技术､煤炭超临界水气化制氢技术以及地下煤炭气化制氢技术等其他有潜力的煤氢协同发展路径。最后提出了促进煤氢产业发展政策建议,以助力实现双碳目标。